Blood vessel remodeling and physical inactivity in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1836-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
Maria T. E. Hopman
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vessel Remodeling ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Physical inactivity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk that cannot be fully explained by traditional or novel risk factors. Inactivity is also associated with changes in hemodynamic stimuli, which exert direct effects on the vasculature leading to remodeling and a proatherogenic phenotype. In this review, we synthesize and summarize in vivo evidence relating to the impact of local and systemic models of physical inactivity on conduit arteries, resistance vessels, and the microcirculation in humans. Taken together, the literature suggests that a rapid inward structural remodeling of vessels occurs in response to physical inactivity. The magnitude of this response is dependent on the “dose” of inactivity. Moreover, changes in vascular function are found at resistance and microvessel levels in humans. In conduit arteries, a strong interaction between vascular function and structure is present, which results in conflicting data regarding the impact of inactivity on conduit artery function. While much of the cardioprotective effect of exercise is related to the nitric oxide pathway, deconditioning may primarily be associated with activation of vasoconstrictor pathways. The effects of deconditioning on the vasculature are therefore not simply the opposite of those in response to exercise training. Given the importance of sedentary behavior, future studies should provide further insight into the impact of inactivity on the vasculature and other (novel) markers of vascular health. Moreover, studies should examine the role of (hemodynamic) stimuli that underlie the characteristic vascular adaptations during deconditioning. Our review concludes with some suggestions for future research directions.

scholarly journals Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4646
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Tinkov ◽  
Monica M. B. Paoliello ◽  
Aksana N. Mazilina ◽  
Anatoly V. Skalny ◽  
Airton C. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years. Significant progress was achieved in understanding the role of Mn transporters, such as SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and SLC30A10, in the regulation of systemic and brain manganese handling. Genetic analysis identified multiple metabolic pathways that could be considered as Mn neurotoxicity targets, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cell signaling pathways, and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism, to name a few. Recent findings have also demonstrated the impact of Mn exposure on transcriptional regulation of these pathways. There is a significant role of autophagy as a protective mechanism against cytotoxic Mn neurotoxicity, yet also a role for Mn to induce autophagic flux itself and autophagic dysfunction under conditions of decreased Mn bioavailability. This ambivalent role may be at the crossroad of mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact of Mn exposure on supramolecular complexes SNARE and NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, respectively. The aforementioned effects might be at least partially mediated by the impact of Mn on α-synuclein accumulation. In addition to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction, impaired neurotransmission is shown to be mediated by the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems and their complex interplay. Although multiple novel mechanisms have been highlighted, additional studies are required to identify the critical targets of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: The presence and role of hypoxia in the endometrium

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. F1-F17
Author(s):  
Rocío Martínez-Aguilar ◽  
Lucy E Kershaw ◽  
Jane J Reavey ◽  
Hilary O D Critchley ◽  
Jacqueline A Maybin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypoxic Episode ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

The endometrium is a multicellular tissue that is exquisitely responsive to the ovarian hormones. The local mechanisms of endometrial regulation to ensure optimal function are less well characterised. Transient physiological hypoxia has been proposed as a critical regulator of endometrial function. Herein, we review the literature on hypoxia in the non-pregnant endometrium. We discuss the pros and cons of animal models, human laboratory studies and novel in vivo imaging for the study of endometrial hypoxia. These research tools provide mounting evidence of a transient hypoxic episode in the menstrual endometrium and suggest that endometrial hypoxia may be present at the time of implantation. This local hypoxia may modify the inflammatory environment, influence vascular remodelling and modulate endometrial proliferation to optimise endometrial function. Finally, we review current knowledge of the impact of this hypoxia on endometrial pathologies, with a focus on abnormal uterine bleeding. Throughout the manuscript areas for future research are highlighted with the aim of concentrating research efforts to maximise future benefits for women and society.

Play It Like Beckham!

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Sylvaine Castellano ◽  
Insaf Khelladi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

New opportunities and challenges are emerging thanks to the growing Internet importance and social media usage. Although practitioners have already recognized the strategic dimension of e-reputation and the power of social media, academic research is still in its infancy when it comes to e-reputation determinants in a social networks context. A study was conducted in the sports setting to explore the impact of social networks on the sportspeople's e-reputation. Whereas the study emphasized (1) the influence of social networks' perception on the sportspeople's e-reputation, and the neutral roles of (2) the motives for following sportspeople online, and (3) the negative content on the Internet, additional insights are formulated on maintaining, restoring and managing e-reputation on social networks. Finally, future research directions are suggested on the role of image to control e-reputation.

Abstract 348: Inhibition Of Phosphodiesterase 5 Attenuates Angiotensin II-dependent Hypertension And Renal Vascular Dysfunction In C57bl/6 Mice But Not In Enos-Ko Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Thieme ◽  
Sema Sivritas ◽  
Sebastian A Potthoff ◽  
Evanthia Mergia ◽  
Lars C Rump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cgmp Signaling ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
The Impact

The kidney plays an outstanding role in the blood pressure (BP) regulation. The renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin (Ang) II is balanced by the NO/cGMP-signalling cascade. Ang II causes hypertension and vascular dysfunction by reducing cGMP sensitivity. Ang II is able to increase cGMP degradation by activating phosphodiesterase (PDE)1 and PDE5. The aim of the present study was to identify the predominant PDE subunit regulating renal blood flow (RBF) and vascular tone during hypertension. Therefore, we tested in vivo effects of acute PDE1 (vinpocetine) and PDE5 (sildenafil) inhibition at baseline and during acute Ang II infusion (200ng/kg/min). Furthermore, we examined the impact of PDE-inhibition on Ang II dependent hypertension (500ng/kg/min; 14 days) and on renal vascular function in the isolated perfused kidney. Acute vinpocetine administration (0.8-800μg/kg BW) showed almost no effect on systemic BP and RBF at baseline and during acute Ang II infusion. In contrast, sildenafil (0.8-800μg/kg BW) significantly decreased BP under baseline conditions. During acute Ang II infusion, BP reduction and RBF increase induced by sildenafil was even more pronounced suggesting a pivotal role of the PDE5 in the regulation of renal vascular tone. Based on these results, we tested whether inhibition of the PDE5 protects from hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Indeed, chronic sildenafil treatment significantly attenuated Ang II dependent hypertension in C57BL/6 (vehicle vs. sil: 156±4 vs. 139±7; p<0.05). Moreover, Sildenafil treatment significantly improved NO-dependent vasorelaxation in kidneys of Ang II- treated C57BL/6. To confirm that PDE5 is activated by an increased NO/cGMP signaling, we used eNOS-KO mice, a model known for decreased NO dependent cGMP generation. In eNOS-KO mice, sildenafil failed to reduce Ang II dependent hypertension (172,4 ± 4,3 mmHg vs. 166,1 ± 3,8 mmHg, p=0,2753) and did not improve vascular dysfunction in Ang II treated kidneys. In summary, the PDE5 is the predominant PDE regulating RBF. Inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil ameliorates chronic Ang II dependent hypertension and improves vascular dysfunction. This study reveals new evidence for the pivotal role of PDE5 in the pathogenesis of AngII-induced hypertension.

Understanding the selfie phenomenon: current insights and future research directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1773-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weng Marc Lim
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to define the conceptual boundary of the selfie and to discuss the role of the selfie in the social media marketplace. Design/methodology/approach This paper extensively reviews and draws themes from the extant literature on consumer identities in the social media marketplace to explain the selfie phenomenon and to identify potentially fruitful directions for further research. Findings Current insights into the selfie phenomenon can be understood from socio-historical, technological, social media, marketing and ethical perspectives. Research limitations/implications Despite the limitations of a general review (e.g. absence of empirical data and analysis), this paper identifies multiple avenues to extend existing lines of inquiry on the selfie phenomenon. Thus, this paper should encourage further research on the topic in the academic and scientific community. Practical implications The selfie can be used as a marketing tool to improve marketing performance and accomplish marketing-related goals. Originality/value This paper sheds light on how marketing academics and practitioners can better understand the impact of the selfie in the social media marketplace.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Differences in the Sharing Behavior of Online Video Advertisements: The Case of Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Nik Mohamad Shamim Nik Mohd Zainordin ◽  
Norazlyn Kamal Basha ◽  
Ho Jo Ann ◽  
Ng Siew Imm
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Video ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sharing Behavior

Gender and age are considered important demographic factors that influence consumers&rsquo; behavioral intention, especially pertaining to video advertisements. However, limited research has examined the impact of gender and age on consumers&rsquo; sharing behavior of online video advertisements (OVAs) in Selangor, Malaysia. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine the role of gender and age in the intention to share OVAs in Selangor. Survey data was collected from 180 Millennial respondents in Selangor and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA to detect gender and age differences in the intention to share OVAs. The results indicated that gender and age have significantly distinct impacts on the intention to share OVAs among Millennials in Selangor. Male Millennials were found have a stronger intention to share OVAs compared to females, whereas Millennials in the 19 to 24 age bracket showed a stronger intention to share OVAs than those in the 25 to 30 and 31 to 38 age brackets. The study&#39;s practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Phospholemman Phosphorylation Regulates Vascular Tone, Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Mice and Man

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Boguslavskyi ◽  
Sergiy Tokar ◽  
Oleksandra Prysyazhna ◽  
Olena Rudyk ◽  
David Sanchez-Tatay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Hek Cells ◽  
The Impact

Background: Background: While it has long been recognized that smooth muscle Na/K ATPase (NKA) modulates vascular tone and blood pressure (BP), the role of its accessory protein phopholemman (PLM) has not been characterized. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that PLM phosphorylation regulates vascular tone in vitro and this mechanism plays an important role in modulation of vascular function and BP in experimental models in vivo and in man. Methods: Mouse studies : PLM knock-in mice (PLM 3SA ), in which PLM is rendered unphosphorylatable, were used to assess the role of PLM phosphorylation in vitro in aortic and mesenteric vessels using wire myography and membrane potential measurements. In vivo BP and regional blood flow were assessed using Doppler flow and telemetry in young (14-16 weeks) and old (57-60 weeks) wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice. Human studies : We searched human genomic databases for mutations in PLM in the region of the phosphorylation sites and performed analyses within two human data cohorts (UK Biobank and GoDARTS) to assess the impact of an identified SNP on BP. This SNP was expressed in HEK cells and its effect on PLM phosphorylation determined using Western Blotting. Results: PLM phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser68 limited vascular constriction in response to phenylephrine. This effect was blocked by ouabain. Prevention of PLM phosphorylation in the PLM 3SA mouse profoundly enhanced vascular responses to PE both in vitro and in vivo . In ageing WT mice PLM was hypophosphorylated and this correlated with the development of ageing-induced essential hypertension. In man we identified a non-synonymous coding variant, single nucleotide polymorphism rs61753924, which causes the substitution R70C in PLM. In HEK cells the R70C mutation prevented PLM phosphorylation at Ser68. This variant's rare allele is significantly associated with increased BP in middle-aged men. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate the importance of PLM phosphorylation in the regulation of vascular tone and BP and suggest a novel mechanism, and therapeutic target, for ageing-induced essential hypertension in man.

Play It Like Beckham!

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Sylvaine Castellano ◽  
Insaf Khelladi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

New opportunities and challenges are emerging thanks to the growing Internet importance and social media usage. Although practitioners have already recognized the strategic dimension of e-reputation and the power of social media, academic research is still in its infancy when it comes to e-reputation determinants in a social networks context. A study was conducted in the sports setting to explore the impact of social networks on the sportspeople's e-reputation. Whereas the study emphasized (1) the influence of social networks' perception on the sportspeople's e-reputation, and the neutral roles of (2) the motives for following sportspeople online, and (3) the negative content on the Internet, additional insights are formulated on maintaining, restoring and managing e-reputation on social networks. Finally, future research directions are suggested on the role of image to control e-reputation.

In the Aftermath of Ferguson

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Juror Perceptions ◽  
Jury Deliberation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Police Practices

This chapter examines the impact of police on juror perceptions and decision-making, both before and after Ferguson. It first reviews the existing literature describing the role of police in court, including police as witnesses and the effect of police and court legitimacy on jurors and jury deliberation. Next, it describes the events in Ferguson and the resulting national attention and rise of social movements and then discusses the effects of Ferguson and social media coverage on changing public attitudes toward and perceived legitimacy of the police. The chapter also explores how common police practices, such as testilying and the blue wall of silence, might further impact juror trust in police and legal institutions in the aftermath of Ferguson. The chapter closes with several policy recommendations and future research directions to address Ferguson’s impact on the courts and juries.

Brightness Motivates Healthy Behaviors: The Role of Self-Accountability

2021 ◽  
pp. 001391652110266
Author(s):  
Eugene Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Effect Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

A growing literature suggests the possibility that brightness (vs. darkness) affects myriad human behaviors and how people think. One stream suggests that brightness increases self-awareness. We extend these findings and formally hypothesize that brightness (vs. darkness) increases self-accountability, thereby motivating people to take actions to meet their self-standards for health, of which most people generally fall short. Three experimental studies were conducted. The results indicate that brightness increases healthier food choices (Study 1) and physical activity intentions (Study 2). Self-accountability mediates the effect (Study 2), while manipulating self-accountability moderates it (Study 3), thereby providing evidence for its likely causal role in explaining the impact of brightness on facilitating healthy behaviors. The findings offer insights into the positive benefits of brightness beyond past findings that it improves mood and psychological well-being. Limitations of the current research as well as future research directions are discussed.

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