scholarly journals Inactivity induces increases in abdominal fat

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1341-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Laye ◽  
John P. Thyfault ◽  
Craig S. Stump ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Running Wheels ◽  
Omental Fat

Previously, inducing inactivity for 53 h after 21 days of voluntary running resulted in a 25 and 48% increase in epididymal and omental fat pad weights, respectively, while rats continued to eat more than a group that never had access to a running wheel ( J Physiol 565: 911–925, 2005). We wanted to test the hypothesis that inactivity, independent of excessive caloric intake, could induce an increase in fat pad mass. Twenty-one-day-old rats were given access to voluntary running wheels for 42–43 days so that they were running ∼9 km/day in the last week of running, after which wheels were locked for 5, 53, or 173 h (WL5, WL53, WL173) before the rats were killed. During the 53 and 173 h of inactivity, one group of animals was pair fed (PF) to match sedentary controls, whereas the other continued to eat ad libitum (AL). Epididymal and retroperitoneal fat masses were significantly increased in the WL173-PF vs. the WL5 group, whereas epididymal, perirenal, and retroperitoneal fat masses were all significantly increased in the WL173-AL group compared with the WL5 group. Additionally, hyperplasia, and not hypertrophy, of the epididymal fat mass was responsible for the increase at WL173-AL as demonstrated by a significant increase in cell number vs. WL5, with no change in cell diameter or volume. Thus two important findings have been elucidated: 1) increases in measured abdominal fat masses occur in both AL and PF groups at WL173, and 2) adipocyte expansion via hyperplasia occurred with an ad libitum diet following cessation of voluntary running.

Circulating hyaluronan levels in the rodent: effects of age and diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. C952-C957 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yannariello-Brown ◽  
S. H. Chapman ◽  
W. F. Ward ◽  
T. C. Pappas ◽  
P. H. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Age Related Changes

Circulating hyaluronan (HA) levels were investigated as a function of age and diet in Fischer 344 male rats. A biphasic pattern of age-related changes was observed in rats fed ad libitum a diet in which the protein source was soya/fish meal. HA levels in 3- to 6- and 22- to 29-mo-old rats were not statistically different. However, HA levels in 12- to 20-mo-old rats were 10-29% of the levels in younger or aged adults. HA levels were also measured in rats fed ad libitum a semisynthetic diet in which the protein source was hydrolyzed casein. Whereas the two colonies exhibited similar biphasic age-related changes, HA levels differed 4- to 20-fold at every age examined. Caloric restriction affected HA levels in 19-mo-old casein-fed rats; HA levels were 2.3 times higher than age-matched controls and were not statistically different from young or aged animals. Serum and plasma HA levels were identical in the same individuals at all ages tested. These data suggest that HA turnover and metabolism in the rat are affected by age, dietary composition, and caloric intake.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sex on the Slaughter Parameters and Selected Blood Indices of Greenleg Partridge, Polish Native Breed of Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Kornel Kasperek ◽  
Kamil Drabik ◽  
Katarzyna Miachalak ◽  
Dorota Pietras-Ożga ◽  
Stanisław Winiarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Productive Traits

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of sex, including caponization, on selected physiological and productive traits of Greenleg partridge (GP) birds. The study material consisted of 120 GP chicks (40 females and 80 males), divided into 3 equal groups (4 replication in each) and kept in litter system and fed ad libitum. A total of 40 cocks have been surgically castrated. The body weight (BW) of birds were measured biweekly. At the age of 24 weeks 8 birds/group were slaughtered, their carcasses were subjected to simplified dissection. Blood samples were collected and among others biochemical profile of serum was established. The lowest BW, regardless of age, had hens. From 18th week capons had the highest BW and finally it was similar to cocks. Cocks demonstrated, significantly, the highest carcass yield, however, the biggest proportion of breast muscles were stated in capons carcasses. The effect of sex is very clear in case of abdominal fat pad. The highest proportion of it was found in females but the lack of sex hormones in capons also contributed to a higher fat accumulation. The serum profile showed that the sexual maturity of hens increased lipids content (cholesterol, trigliceroles) caused by laying production.

scholarly journals Response of broiler to skip a day (SAD) feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
J. O. Oyedeji ◽  
J. O Atteh ◽  
S. A. Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Feeding Systems

One hundred and eighty day-old broilers were used to investigate the response of broilers to skip-a-day feeding regime. Broiler chicks were either fed ad libitum or subjected to 1,2,3,4 or 5 week skip feeding thereafter fed ad libitum to market age. Result at market age showed that feed intake was significantly reduced (P<0.05), P>0.025) while weight gain and feed to gain ratio were not significantly affected (P>0.05, P>0.025)by skip a-day feeding. Skip-a-day feeding did not affect mortality of broilers (P>0.05),P>0.025), protein retention, fat retention and fibre utilization were comparable for broilers in all treatments (P>0.05, P>0.025). Abdominal fat pad was significantly reduced (P<0.05,P<0.025) by the skip-a-day feeding when compared with ad libitum feeding. The economic data showed that cost of production was reduced (P<0.05, P<0.025) by the application of skip-a-day feeding. However cost to benefit ratio remained comparable (P>0.05, P>0.025) when the two feeding systems were compared. It was concluded that, if approximately applied, skip-a-day feeding could result in sufficient cost reduction to be of commercial importance.

Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
G. Ilse ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
T. Sano ◽  
L. Stefaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

scholarly journals Abdominal fat pad mass reduction by in ovo administration of anti-adipocyte monoclonal antibodies in chickens

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1640-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Wu ◽  
M. Valdez-Corcoran ◽  
J.T. Wright ◽  
AL Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
In Ovo

Increase in Cell Number as a Factor in the Growth of the Organs and Tissues of the Young Male Rat

Development ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-562
Author(s):  
M. Enesco ◽  
C. P. Leblond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Young Rat

While the organs and tissues of the young rat are known to increase in size with age (Donaldson, 1924), little is known of the role played by the component cells in this increase. There is evidence that cells enlarge (Levi, 1906; Plenk, 1911) and new cells are added (Strasburger, 1893), but we do not know to what extent the enlargement and proliferation of the cells cause the growth of organs and tissues. The present work is an attempt to clarify this problem. In the past, the growth of organs and tissues has often been measured by weight gain (Donaldson, 1924). However, this approach might be misleading, since the body-weight may increase in the absence of growth, for instance as a result of fat-storage in old rats, of pregnancy in females, and even of changes in room temperature.

Potability of sea water with special reference to the cat

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Wolf ◽  
Phoebe G. Prentiss ◽  
Lillian G. Douglas ◽  
Russell J. Swett
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Ad Libitum

Under certain conditions in which food provides an adequate caloric intake but too little water to sustain a cat or a rat in euhydration, these animals can be shown to depend for survival on their intake of sea water. They will generally drink enough sea water ad libitum to thrive, even overcoming thereby a previously induced water deficit; or, they will readily eat their food, mixed with sea water in amounts which can vary widely, with similar benefit. Without sea water they undergo progressive hydropenia and die. Along with experimental verification of the potability of sea water a theory of sea water drinking (mariposia) is presented, based upon the concept of urinary osmotic space.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Total Food Intake at a Personalised Buffet in People with Obesity, before and 24 Months after Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass Surgery

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3873
Author(s):  
Natasha Kapoor ◽  
Werd al Najim ◽  
Camilo Menezes ◽  
Ruth K Price ◽  
Colm O’Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Operative Assessment

Long-term reductions in the quantity of food consumed, and a shift in intake away from energy dense foods have both been implicated in the potent bariatric effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We hypothesised that relative to pre-operative assessment, a stereotypical shift to lower intake would be observed at a personalised ad libitum buffet meal 24 months after RYGB, driven in part by decreased selection of high energy density items. At pre-operative baseline, participants (n = 14) rated their preference for 72 individual food items, each of these mapping to one of six categories encompassing high and low-fat choices in combination with sugar, complex carbohydrate or and protein. An 18-item buffet meal was created for each participant based on expressed preferences. Overall energy intake was reduced on average by 60% at the 24-month buffet meal. Reductions in intake were seen across all six food categories. Decreases in the overall intake of all individual macronutrient groups were marked and were generally proportional to reductions in total caloric intake. Patterns of preference and intake, both at baseline and at follow-up appear more idiosyncratic than has been previously suggested by verbal reporting. The data emphasise the consistency with which reductions in ad libitum food intake occur as a sequel of RYGB, this being maintained in the setting of a self-selected ad libitum buffet meal. Exploratory analysis of the data also supports prior reports of a possible relative increase in the proportional intake of protein after RYGB.

Induction of voluntary prolonged running by rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2549-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Russell ◽  
W. F. Epling ◽  
D. Pierce ◽  
R. M. Amy ◽  
D. P. Boer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Running Wheels

The rat is widely used in studies of the metabolic and physiological effects of physical exercise. The most commonly used form of exercise is running on treadmills or mechanically driven running wheels. Rats will not voluntarily run significant distances, under normal circumstances. If rats are exposed to running wheels with food freely available, only very limited activity normally occurs. When rats with access to a running wheel are restricted to a fixed amount of food, presented once per day, consistent running occurs. The running is spontaneous and very sensitive to the amount of food provided. Six 6-wk-old rats of 197 g mean body wt were induced to run for 139 days. The distance run increased rapidly over a 20-day initial period on a food supply of 15 g/day (vs. 19.5 g/day consumption by sedentary controls). From day 20 to day 139 the mean distance run was described by the regression equation distance (m/day) = 10,410 – 37.9 X days. Food provided was varied according to distance run, ranging from 15 to 18 g/day, and was normally 17.5 g/day. Thus a food deprivation of 10% of normal consumption will result in mean distances run of approximately 8,000 m/day. The use of pair-fed control animals without access to a wheel allows the conduct of experiments to test the effects of chronic long-distance running. The running is spontaneous; thus the technique avoids the complications accompanying techniques that force running.

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