Luteal and follicular glucose fluxes during rest and exercise in 3-h postabsorptive women

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hoon Suh ◽  
Gretchen A. Casazza ◽  
Michael A. Horning ◽  
Benjamin F. Miller ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Glucose Flux ◽  
Ergometer Cycling ◽  
Rest And Exercise

We examined the effects of exercise intensity and menstrual cycle phase on glucose flux rates during rest and exercise in rested and fed (3-h postabsorptive) women. Eight moderately active, eumenorrheic women were studied under conditions of rest (90 min) and exercise (60 min, leg ergometer cycling at 45 and 65% peak oxygen consumption) during follicular and luteal phases. In both menstrual phases, an effect of exercise intensity was evident with glucose rates of appearance and disappearance and metabolic clearance rates: rest < 45% intensity < 65% intensity ( P < 0.05). In addition, we observed no significant effect of menstrual phase on glucose rates of appearance and disappearance and metabolic clearance rate during rest or exercise at either intensity. These results are interpreted to mean that in women fed several hours before study 1) glucose flux is directly related to exercise intensity, 2) menstrual cycle phase does not alter glucose flux during rest and exercise, and 3) the subtle effects of endogenous ovarian hormones on glucose kinetics are subordinate to the much larger effects of exercise and recent carbohydrate nutrition.

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: Findings From the NCCTG N9431 Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3620-3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive S. Grant ◽  
James N. Ingle ◽  
Vera J. Suman ◽  
Daniel A. Dumesic ◽  
D. Lawrence Wickerham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menstrual History

Purpose For nearly two decades, multiple retrospective reports, small prospective studies, and meta-analyses have arrived at conflicting results regarding the value of timing surgical intervention for breast cancer on the basis of menstrual cycle phase. We present the results of a multi–cooperative group, prospective, observational trial of menstrual cycle phase and outcome after breast cancer surgery, led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Patients and Methods Premenopausal women age 18 to 55 years, who were interviewed for menstrual history and who were surgically treated for stages I to II breast cancer, had serum drawn within 1 day of surgery for estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. Menstrual history and hormone levels were used to determine menstrual phase: luteal, follicular, and other. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 1,118 women initially enrolled, 834 women comprised the study cohort: 230 (28%) in luteal phase; 363 (44%) in follicular phase; and 241 grouped as other. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, and in analysis that accounted for nodal disease, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, neither DFS nor OS differed with respect to menstrual phase. The 5-year DFS rates were 82.7%, 82.1%, and 79.2% for follicular, luteal, or other phases, respectively. Corresponding OS survival rates were 91.9%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Conclusion When menstrual cycle phases were strictly defined, neither DFS nor OS differed between women who underwent surgery during the follicular phase versus the luteal phase. Nearly 30% of the patients did not meet criteria for either follicular- or luteal-phase categories.

scholarly journals Endogenous Oxytocin Levels in Relation to Food Intake, Menstrual Phase, and Age in Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1348-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aulinas ◽  
Reitumetse L Pulumo ◽  
Elisa Asanza ◽  
Christopher J Mancuso ◽  
Meghan Slattery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Females

Abstract Context Oxytocin regulates a range of physiological processes including eating behavior and oxytocin administration reduces caloric intake in males. There are few data on oxytocin and eating behavior in healthy females or on the response of endogenous oxytocin to food intake and its relationship to appetite in humans. Objectives To determine the postprandial pattern of oxytocin levels, the relationship between oxytocin and appetite, and the impact of menstrual cycle phase and age on oxytocin levels in females. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Clinical research center. Participants Fifty-five healthy females (age 10 to 45 years). Interventions A standardized mixed meal was administered. Main Outcome Measurements Blood sampling for oxytocin occurred at fasting and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes postmeal. Appetite was assessed using Visual Analogue Scales pre- and postmeal. Results Mean fasting oxytocin levels were 1011.2 ± 52.3 pg/mL (SEM) and decreased at 30 and 60 minutes postmeal (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Mean oxytocin levels decreased19.6% ± 3.0% from baseline to nadir. Oxytocin area under the curve was lower in the early to midfollicular menstrual cycle phase (P = 0.0003) and higher in younger females (P = 0.002). The percent change in oxytocin (baseline to nadir) was associated with postprandial hunger (rs = -0.291, P = 0.03) and fullness (rs = 0.345, P = 0.009). These relations remained significant after controlling for calories consumed, menstrual cycle status, and age (P = 0.023 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions Peripheral oxytocin levels in females decrease after a mixed meal and are associated with appetite independent of menstrual phase, age, and caloric intake, suggesting that endogenous oxytocin levels may play a role in perceived hunger and satiety.

203 PLASMA MEMBRANE Ca2+-PUMPING ATPase 1 IS ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSED AND DISTINCTLY REGULATED BY ESTROGEN IN HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
H. Yang ◽  
E.-B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Total N ◽  
High Level

Plasma membrane Ca2+-pumping ATPases (PMCA) play a critical role in maintaining cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The PMCA mRNA are encoded on 4 genes, designated PMCA1 to PMCA4. In a previous study, we found that both PMCA1 and PMCA4 are expressed at similar levels in astrocytes and in neurons. Although PMCA1b is expressed in the uterus of rats during the oestrous cycle, the expression of PMCA1 and its potential roles has not been elucidated during the menstrual cycle in the human endometrium. Thus, in the current study, the expression pattern of PMCA1 was examined to predict its roles in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Human uterine tissues (total n = 40) were separated into 3 groups according to menstrual cycle phase: menstrual phase, proliferative phase (early, mid, late), and secretory phase (early, mid, late). Using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, uterine expression of PMCA1 mRNA and protein increased to 1.5-fold in the early-, mid- and late-proliferative phases in the endometrium of the human uterus, compared with other menstrual phases. In addition, uterine PMCA1 was abundantly localised in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells in the menstrual phases, indicating that this protein may participate in the uterine Ca balance of the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Taken together, these results suggest that a high level of uterine PMCA1 expression may be involved in reproductive functions during the menstrual cycle of humans.

Menstrual cycle phase and sex influence muscle glycogen utilization and glucose turnover during moderate-intensity endurance exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (4) ◽  
pp. R1120-R1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela C. Devries ◽  
Mazen J. Hamadeh ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Glycogen Utilization

Numerous studies from our and other laboratories have shown that women have a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise than equally trained men, indicating a greater reliance on fat oxidation. Differences in estrogen concentration between men and women likely play a role in this sex difference. Differing estrogen and progesterone concentrations during the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases of the female menstrual cycle suggest that fuel use may also vary between phases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of menstrual cycle phase and sex upon glucose turnover and muscle glycogen utilization during endurance exercise. Healthy, recreationally active young women ( n = 13) and men ( n = 11) underwent a primed constant infusion of [6,6-2H]glucose with muscle biopsies taken before and after a 90-min cycling bout at 65% peak O2 consumption. LP women had lower glucose rate of appearance (Ra, P = 0.03), rate of disappearance (Rd, P = 0.03), and metabolic clearance rate (MCR, P = 0.04) at 90 min of exercise and lower proglycogen ( P = 0.04), macroglycogen ( P = 0.04), and total glycogen ( P = 0.02) utilization during exercise compared with FP women. Men had a higher RER ( P = 0.02), glucose Ra ( P = 0.03), Rd ( P = 0.03), and MCR ( P = 0.01) during exercise compared with FP women, and men had a higher RER at 75 and 90 min of exercise ( P = 0.04), glucose Ra ( P = 0.01), Rd ( P = 0.01), and MCR ( P = 0.001) and a greater PG utilization ( P = 0.05) compared with LP women. We conclude that sex, and to a lesser extent menstrual cycle, influence glucose turnover and glycogen utilization during moderate-intensity endurance exercise.

scholarly journals Influences of the Menstrual Phase on Cortisol Response to Stress in Nicotine Dependent Women: A Preliminary Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Nakajima ◽  
Sharon Allen ◽  
Mustafa al’Absi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Smoking Withdrawal

Abstract Introduction Evidence indicates that menstrual cycle phase plays a role in smoking withdrawal symptoms and craving. Stress increases these symptoms. Whether the stress regulatory mechanism is associated with menstrual phase and withdrawal symptoms is not well understood. Methods Thirty-seven female smokers and 16 female nonsmokers were asked to complete a laboratory session. In each group, approximately half of the participants were tested when they were in the follicular phase and the other half was tested in the luteal phase. The session included resting baseline, stress, and recovery periods. Saliva samples for the measurement of cortisol and subjective measures of craving and withdrawal symptoms were collected at the end of each period. Results A series of repeated measures analysis of covariance found a significant smoking group × menstrual phase × sampling time interaction in cortisol levels (p < .05). Follow-up analyses indicated a reduced cortisol stress response in the luteal group relative to the follicular group in smokers (p < .02). This difference was not found in nonsmokers. Conclusions Menstrual cycle phase is related to hormonal stress response and smoking withdrawal symptomatology. Implications We show influences of the menstrual cycle phase on stress response among smokers. This is demonstrated by a reduced cortisol response to stress in the luteal group relative to the follicular group among smokers. This menstrual phase difference was not found in nonsmokers.

scholarly journals Menstrual cycle phase does not modulate whole body heat loss during exercise in hot, dry conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Notley ◽  
Sheila Dervis ◽  
Martin P. Poirier ◽  
Glen P. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Body Heat

Menstrual cycle phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function. However, information pertaining to the effects of menstrual phase on time-dependent changes in whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange during exercise-induced heat stress and the specific heat load at which menstrual phase modulates whole body heat loss remained unavailable. We therefore used direct calorimetry to continuously assess whole body dry and evaporative exchange in 12 habitually active, non-endurance-trained, eumenorrheic women [21 ± 3 (SD) yr] within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal menstrual phases during three 30-min bouts of cycling at increasing fixed exercise intensities of 40% (Low), 55% (Moderate), and 70% (High) peak oxygen uptake, each followed by a 15-min recovery, in hot, dry conditions (40°C, 15% relative humidity). This model elicited equivalent rates of metabolic heat production among menstrual phases ( P = 0.80) of ~250 (Low), ~340 (Moderate), and ~430 W (High). However, dry and evaporative heat exchange and the resulting changes in net heat loss (dry ± evaporative heat exchange) were similar among phases (all P > 0.05), with net heat loss averaging 216 ± 43 (Low), 287 ± 63 (Moderate), and 331 ± 75 W (High) across phases. Accordingly, cumulative body heat storage (summation of heat production and loss) across all exercise bouts was similar among phases ( P = 0.55), averaging 464 ± 122 kJ. For some time, menstrual cycle phase has been thought to modulate heat dissipation; however, we show that menstrual cycle phase does not influence the contribution of whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in net heat loss or body heat storage, irrespective of the heat load. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Menstrual phase has long been thought to modulate thermoregulatory function in eumenorrheic women during exercise-induced heat stress. Contrary to that perception, we show that when assessed in young, non-endurance-trained women within the early-follicular, late-follicular, and midluteal phases during three incremental exercise-induced heat loads in hot, dry conditions, menstrual phase does not modify whole body dry and evaporative heat exchange or the resulting changes in body heat storage, regardless of the heat load employed.

Fatty acid reesterification but not oxidation is increased by oral contraceptive use in women

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1720-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Jacobs ◽  
Gretchen A. Casazza ◽  
Sang-Hoon Suh ◽  
Michael A. Horning ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Plasma Ffa

We evaluated the hypothesis that fatty acid reesterification would be increased during rest and exercise in the midluteal menstrual cycle phase and during oral contraceptive use, when ovarian hormone concentrations are high, compared with the early follicular phase. Subjects were eight moderately active, weight-stable, eumenorrheic women (24.8 ± 1.2 yr, peak oxygen consumption = 42.0 ± 2.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) who had not taken oral contraceptives for at least 6 mo. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) kinetics were assessed in the 3-h postprandial state by continuous infusion of [1-13C]palmitate and [1,1,2,3,3-2H]glycerol during 90 min of rest and 60 min of exercise at 45% and 65% peak oxygen consumption in the early follicular and midluteal menstrual cycle phases and during the inactive- and high-dose phases following 4 mo of oral contraceptive use. Plasma FFA rates of appearance, disappearance, and oxidation increased significantly from rest to exercise with no differences noted between menstrual cycle or oral contraceptive phases or exercise intensities. Compared with either menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use resulted in an increase in plasma-derived fatty acid reesterification and a decrease in the proportion of plasma FFA rate of disappearance that was oxidized at rest and during exercise. Endogenous and exogenous synthetic ovarian hormones do not exert a measurable influence on plasma FFA turnover or oxidation at rest or during moderate-intensity exercise in the 3-h postprandial state when carbohydrate use predominates. The increase in whole body lipolytic rate during exercise noted previously with oral contraceptive use is not matched by an increase in fatty acid oxidation and results in an increase in reesterification. Synthetic ovarian hormones contained in oral contraceptives increase lipolytic rate, but fatty acid oxidation during exercise is determined by exercise intensity and its metabolic and endocrine consequences.

scholarly journals Fasted plasma asprosin concentrations are associated with menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use and training status in healthy women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Leonard ◽  
A. L. Shill ◽  
A. E. Thackray ◽  
D. J. Stensel ◽  
Nicolette C. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
And Training

Abstract Purpose Asprosin, an orexigenic hormone that stimulates hepatic glucose release, is elevated in insulin resistance and associated with obesity. Plasma asprosin concentrations may also be related to female sex hormone levels; higher levels are reported in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but this may be related to peripheral insulin resistance also associated with PCOS. Clarification of female-specific factors influence on the plasma asprosin response is crucial for studies investigating asprosin. Therefore, this study determined the association of menstrual phase, oral contraceptive (OC) use (as a pharmacological influence on sex hormone levels) and training status (as a physiological influence on sex hormone levels) on plasma asprosin levels in pre-menopausal women. Methods Fasting plasma asprosin, 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone, were assessed in 32 healthy untrained and trained women with regular menstrual cycles (non-OC; n = 8 untrained, n = 6 trained) or using OC (n = 10 untrained, n = 8 trained) during early follicular, late follicular and mid-luteal menstrual phases (or the time-period equivalent for OC users). Results Asprosin was lower in OC (0.75 ± 0.38 ng mL−1) than non-OC users (1.00 ± 0.37 ng mL−1; p = 0.022). Across a cycle, asprosin was highest in the early follicular equivalent time-point in OC users (0.87 ± 0.37 ng mL−1) but highest in the mid-luteal phase in non-OC users (1.09 ± 0.40 ng mL−1). Asprosin concentrations varied more across a cycle in untrained than trained women, with higher concentrations in the early follicular phase compared to the late follicular and mid-luteal (training status-by-menstrual phase interaction p = 0.028). Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of considering OC use, menstrual cycle phase and to a lesser extent training status when investigating circulating asprosin concentrations in females.

Exercise, sex, menstrual cycle phase, and 17β-estradiol influence metabolism-related genes in human skeletal muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-hua H. Fu ◽  
Amy C. Maher ◽  
Mazen J. Hamadeh ◽  
Changhua Ye ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Higher fat and lower carbohydrate and amino acid oxidation are observed in women compared with men during endurance exercise. We hypothesized that the observed sex difference is due to estrogen and that menstrual cycle phase or supplementation of men with 17β-estradiol (E2) would coordinately influence the mRNA content of genes involved in lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. Twelve men and twelve women had muscle biopsies taken before and immediately after 90 min of cycling at 65% peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak). Women were studied in the midfollicular (Fol) and midluteal (Lut) phases, and men were studied after 8 days of E2 or placebo supplementation. Targeted RT-PCR was used to compare mRNA content for genes involved in transcriptional regulation and lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism. Sex was the greatest predictor of substrate metabolism gene content. Sex affected the mRNA content of FATm, FABPc, SREBP-1c, mtGPAT, PPARδ, PPARα, CPTI, TFP-α, GLUT4, HKII, PFK, and BCOADK ( P < 0.05). E2 administration significantly ( P < 0.05) affected the mRNA content of PGC-1α, PPARα, PPARδ, TFP-α, CPTI, SREBP-1c, mtGPAT, GLUT4, GS-1, and AST. Acute exercise increased the mRNA abundance for PGC-1α, HSL, FABPc, CPTI, GLUT4, HKII, and AST ( P < 0.05). Menstrual cycle had a small effect on PPARδ, GP, and glycogenin mRNA content. Overall, women have greater mRNA content for several genes involved in lipid metabolism, which is partially due to an effect of E2.

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