scholarly journals Atlas of gene expression in the mouse kidney: new features of glomerular parietal cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Cheval ◽  
Fabien Pierrat ◽  
Carole Dossat ◽  
Mathieu Genete ◽  
Martine Imbert-Teboul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Nephron Segment ◽  
Mrna Markers ◽  
Insight Into

To gain molecular insight into kidney function, we performed a high-resolution quantitative analysis of gene expression in glomeruli and nine different nephron segments dissected from mouse kidney using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). We also developed dedicated bioinformatics tools and databases to annotate mRNA tags as transcripts. Over 800,000 mRNA SAGE tags were sequenced corresponding to >20,000 different mRNA tags present at least twice in at least one library. Hierarchical clustering analysis of tags demonstrated similarities between the three anatomical subsegments of the proximal tubule, between the cortical and medullary segments of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, and between the three segments constituting the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron segments, whereas the glomerulus and distal convoluted tubule clusterized independently. We also identified highly specific mRNA markers of each subgroup of nephron segments and of most nephron segments. Tag annotation also identified numbers of putative antisense mRNAs. This database constitutes a reference resource in which the quantitative expression of a given gene can be compared with that of other genes in the same nephron segment, or between different segments of the nephron. To illustrate possible applications of this database, we performed a deeper analysis of the glomerulus transcriptome that unexpectedly revealed expression of several ion and water carriers; within the glomerulus, they were found to be preferentially expressed in the parietal sheet. It also revealed the major role of the zinc finger transcription factor Wt1 in the specificity of gene expression in the glomerulus. Finally, functional annotation of glomerulus-specific transcripts suggested a high proliferation activity of glomerular cells. Immunolabeling for PCNA confirmed a high percentage of proliferating cells in the glomerulus parietal sheet.

Expression of claudin-7 and -8 along the mouse nephron

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. F1063-F1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Y. Li ◽  
Catherine L. Huey ◽  
Alan S. L. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Renal Tubule ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Paracellular Permeability ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Nephron Segment

Claudins are integral membrane proteins of the tight junction that determine the magnitude and selectivity of paracellular permeability in epithelial tissues. The mammalian renal tubule exhibits considerable heterogeneity in the permeability properties of its different segments. To determine the nephron segment localization of claudin-7 and -8, immunofluorescence staining of mouse kidney sections was performed using isoform-specific antibodies. Claudin-8 was found to be expressed primarily at the tight junction along the entire aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron and in the late segments of the thin descending limbs of long-looped nephrons. This pattern of expression is consistent with the putative role of claudin-8 as a paracellular cation barrier. By contrast, claudin-7 was found in the same nephron segments as claudin-8, but it was expressed primarily at the basolateral membrane.

Intrarenal and Cellular Localization of CLC-K2 Protein in the Mouse Kidney

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATSUKI KOBAYASHI ◽  
SHINICHI UCHIDA ◽  
SHUKI MIZUTANI ◽  
SEI SASAKI ◽  
FUMIAKI MARUMO
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Intercalated Cells ◽  
Basolateral Membranes ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Henle's Loop ◽  
Distal Tubules

Abstract. CLC-K2, a kidney-specific member of the CLC chloride channel family, is thought to play an important role in the transepithelial Cl- transport in the kidney. This consensus was first reached shortly after it was demonstrated that the mutations of the human CLCNKB gene resulted in Bartter's syndrome type III. To clarify the pathogenesis, the exact intrarenal and cellular localization of CLC-K2 by immunohistochemistry of the Clcnk1-/- mouse kidney were investigated by use of an anti-CLC-K antibody that recognized both CLC-K1 and CLC-K2. CLC-K2 is expressed in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and distal tubules, where it is localized to the basolateral membranes. The localization of CLC-K2 to these nephron segments strongly implies that CLC-K2 confers the basolateral chloride conductance in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and distal tubules, where Cl- is taken up by the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter or the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter at the apical membranes. CLC-K2 expression was also shown to extend into the connecting tubule in the basolateral membrane. CLC-K2 was found in basolateral membranes of the type A intercalated cells residing along the collecting duct. This localization strongly suggests that CLC-K2 confers the basolateral conductance in the type A intercalated cells where Cl- is taken up by the anion exchanger in exchange for HCO3- at the basolateral membranes. These aspects of CLC-K2 localization suggest that CLC-K2 is important in Cl- transport in the distal nephron segments.

scholarly journals KH-type splicing regulatory protein is a new component of chromatoid body

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Guishuan Wang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xiaolin Liang ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Chromatoid Body ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The chromatoid body (CB) is a specific cloud-like structure in the cytoplasm of haploid spermatids. Recent findings indicate that CB is identified as a male germ cell-specific RNA storage and processing center, but its function has remained elusive for decades. In somatic cells, KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is involved in regulating gene expression and maturation of select microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the function of KSRP in spermatogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we showed that KSRP partly localizes in CB, as a component of CB. KSRP interacts with proteins (mouse VASA homolog (MVH), polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABP1) and polyadenylate-binding protein 2 (PABP2)), mRNAs (Tnp2 and Odf1) and microRNAs (microRNA-182) in mouse CB. Moreover, KSRP may regulate the integrity of CB via DDX5-miRNA-182 pathway. In addition, we found abnormal expressions of CB component in testes of Ksrp-knockout mice and of patients with hypospermatogenesis. Thus, our results provide mechanistic insight into the role of KSRP in spermatogenesis.

Difference in the Na affinity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase along the rabbit nephron: modulation by K

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. F246-F250 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barlet-Bas ◽  
L. Cheval ◽  
C. Khadouri ◽  
S. Marsy ◽  
A. Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Adaptive Property ◽  
Collecting Tubule ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Cortical Collecting Tubule

The sensitivity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase to Na was determined in single segments of rabbit nephron isolated by microdissection. In the cortical collecting tubule (CCT), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was threefold more sensitive to Na (apparent K0.5 approximately 3 mM) than in proximal convoluted tubule and cortical thick ascending limb (apparent K0.5 approximately 10 mM). Furthermore, increasing K concentration from 5 to greater than 100 mM markedly reduced the affinity of the pump for Na in all three nephron segments. In fact, the main shift in Na affinity occurred when K changed from 100 to 120 mM; in the CCT, increasing K concentration from 100 to 120 mM while maintaining Na concentration at 10 mM reduced Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity by greater than 35%. These findings confirm that, in kidney cells as in other cells, intracellular Na limits the rate of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. Thus any alteration of intracellular Na concentration modifies the pump activity in a way that contributes to the restoration of intracellular Na homeostasis. This adaptive property is particularly efficient in the collecting tubule in which the apparent K0.5 of the pump for Na is close to normal intracellular Na concentration. Furthermore, changes in intracellular K concentration, which usually accompany those of Na so as to maintain the total cation concentration constant, potentiate the regulatory role of Na through modifications of its affinity for the pump.

scholarly journals Single cell analysis of the developing mouse kidney provides deeper insight into marker gene expression and ligand-receptor crosstalk

Development ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. dev178673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Combes ◽  
Belinda Phipson ◽  
Kynan T. Lawlor ◽  
Aude Dorison ◽  
Ralph Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Marker Gene Expression ◽  
Receptor Crosstalk ◽  
Insight Into

Identification and localization of BK-β subunits in the distal nephron of the mouse kidney

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. F350-F359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Richard Grimm ◽  
Ruth M. Foutz ◽  
Robert Brenner ◽  
Steven C. Sansom
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
High K ◽  
Specific Localization

Large-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK), comprised of pore-forming α- and accessory β-subunits, secrete K+ in the distal nephron under high-flow and high-K+ diet conditions. BK channels are detected by electrophysiology in many nephron segments; however, the accessory β-subunit associated with these channels has not been determined. We performed RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining to determine whether BK-β1 is localized to the connecting tubule's principal-like cells (CNT) or intercalated cells (ICs), and whether BK-β2-4 are present in other distal nephron segments. RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that the mouse kidney expresses BK-β1, BK-β2, and BK-β4. Available antibodies in conjunction with BK-β1−/− and BK-β4−/− mice allowed the specific localization of BK-β1 and BK-β4 in distal nephron segments. Immunohistochemical staining showed that BK-β1 is localized in the CNT but not ICs of the connecting tubule. The localization of BK-β4 was discerned using an anti-BK-β4 antibody on wild-type tissue and anti-GFP on GFP-replaced BK-β4 mouse (BK-β4−/−) tissue. Both antibodies (anti-BK-β4 and anti-GFP) localized BK-β4 to the thick ascending limb (TAL), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and ICs of the distal nephron. It is concluded that BK-β1 is narrowly confined to the apical membrane of CNTs in the mouse, whereas BK-β4 is expressed in the TAL, DCT, and ICs.

scholarly journals Autoregulation Is Essential for Precise Temporal and Steady-State Regulation by the Bordetella BvgAS Phosphorelay

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne L. Williams ◽  
Peggy A. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT The Bordetella BvgAS virulence control system is prototypical of phosphorelays that use a polydomain sensor and a response regulator to control gene expression in response to environmental cues. BvgAS controls the expression of at least three distinct phenotypic phases (Bvg−, Bvgi, and Bvg+) by differentially regulating the expression of at least four classes of genes. Among the loci regulated by BvgAS is bvgAS itself. We investigated the role of autoregulation in the ability of BvgAS to control multiple gene expression patterns in a temporal and steady-state manner by constructing Bordetella bronchiseptica strains in which the bvgAS promoter was replaced with constitutively active promoters. Our results show that positive autoregulation of bvgAS transcription is required for the temporal expression of multiple phenotypic phases that occurs in response to a shift from Bvg−-phase conditions to Bvg+-phase conditions. Autoregulation was also shown to contribute to steady-state regulation; it influences the sensitivity of the system in response to subtle differences in signal intensity. In addition, considered in relation to BvgA and BvgS activities demonstrated in vitro, our results provide insight into how BvgA and BvgS function mechanistically.

scholarly journals Transient Gene Expression is an Effective Experimental Tool for the Research into the Fine Mechanisms of Plant Gene Function: Advantages, Limitations, and Solutions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Tyurin ◽  
Alexandra V. Suhorukova ◽  
Ksenia V. Kabardaeva ◽  
Irina V. Goldenkova-Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Plant Gene ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Insight Into

A large data array on plant gene expression accumulated thanks to comparative omic studies directs the efforts of researchers to the specific or fine effects of the target gene functions and, as a consequence, elaboration of relatively simple and concurrently effective approaches allowing for the insight into the physiological role of gene products. Numerous studies have convincingly demonstrated the efficacy of transient expression strategy for characterization of the plant gene functions. The review goals are (i) to consider the advantages and limitations of different plant systems and methods of transient expression used to find out the role of gene products; (ii) to summarize the current data on the use of the transient expression approaches for the insight into fine mechanisms underlying the gene function; and (iii) to outline the accomplishments in efficient transient expression of plant genes. In general, the review discusses the main and critical steps in each of the methods of transient gene expression in plants; areas of their application; main results obtained using plant objects; their contribution to our knowledge about the fine mechanisms of the plant gene functions underlying plant growth and development; and clarification of the mechanisms regulating complex metabolic pathways.

A Micropuncture Study of Kidney Function in the River Lamprey, Lampetra Fluviatilis, Adapted to Fresh Water

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
A. G. LOGAN ◽  
R. J. MORIARTY ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Proximal Segment ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Lampetra Fluviatilis ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
River Lamprey ◽  
Micropuncture Study ◽  
Nephron Segment

Micropuncture techniques have been used to investigate the role of each nephron segment in the river lamprey. The proximal segment reabsorbed no more than 10% of filtered water and tubular fluid here was iso-osmotic to plasma, at about 250 m-osmol. Further water reabsorption occurred in later nephron segments so that 44% of all filtered water was reabsorbed. Dilution of tubular fluid began in the ascending limb of the nephron loop and continued in the distal and collecting segments, so that 96% and 97.5% of filtered sodium and chloride, respectively, was reabsorbed by the kidney. Lampreys produce 337 ml kg−1 day−1 of a dilute urine (31.2 m-osmol) and the urinary ducts appear not to modify the composition of this urine.

scholarly journals Novel developments in differentiating the role of renal and intestinal sodium hydrogen exchanger 3

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. R1186-R1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Dominguez Rieg ◽  
Samantha de la Mora Chavez ◽  
Timo Rieg
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations ◽  
Insight Into

The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) facilitates Na+ absorption and H+ secretion and is expressed in the intestine, proximal tubule, and thick ascending limb of the kidney. While the function of NHE3 for Na+ and [Formula: see text](re)absorption has been defined using conventional NHE3 knockout mice (NHE3−/−), the recent generation of conditional NHE3 knockout mice started to give critical new insight into the role of this protein by allowing for temporal and spatial control of NHE3 expression. For example, in contrast to NHE3−/− mice, knockout of NHE3 in the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule or along the entire tubule/collecting duct does not cause any lethality. Nonabsorbable NHE3 inhibitors have been developed, and preclinical as well as clinical trials indicate possible pharmacological use in fluid overload, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia, and constipation. Some of the therapeutic considerations seem to be directly related to the pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs; however, little is known about the effects of these nonabsorbable NHE3 inhibitors on intestinal phosphate transport and the mechanisms so far remain elusive. This review focuses on novel findings of NHE3 in the intestine and the kidney as well as novel drug developments targeting NHE3.

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