scholarly journals F--: A Parallel Extension to Cray Fortran

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Numrich
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Memory ◽  
Data Grid ◽  
Data Locality ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Data Layout ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Explicit Statement ◽  
Local Code ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parallel Extension

F--is a parallel extension to Cray Fortran 77 for distributed memory computers. It adds exactly one new symbol to the language, a vertical line that separates two sets of indices. The first set contains the coordinates for data in a local data grid. The second set contains the coordinates for processors in a global processor grid. A statement such as x(i,j)=y(i,j| p,q) generates a load from remote address y(i,j) in the data grid on processor (p,q) followed by a store to local address x(i,j) in the local data grid. F--syntax requires an explicit statement of the relationship between data layout and processor layout. It assumes that good performance on a distributed memory computer requires the programmer to understand and to exploit data locality. Programmers use the F--syntax only when it is needed. 0therwise all data are local and all code is local. Compiler and library developers concentrate on generating well-optimized local code.

A Data Layout with Good Data Locality for Single-Machine based Graph Engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yong-Yeon Jo ◽  
Myung-Hwan Jang ◽  
Sang-Wook Kim ◽  
Sunju Park
Keyword(s):  
Single Machine ◽  
Data Locality ◽  
Data Layout ◽  
Good Data

Similarity of budget expenditure structure across voivodships and their sustainable development

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Marcin Salamaga
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Matrix Similarity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Expenditure Structure ◽  
Budget Expenditure

The aim of this article is to describe the relationship between the expenditure structure of Polish voivodships and their sustainable development. The research was conducted on the basis of the CSO data for the years 2013—2015 from the Local Data Bank. Index of matrix similarity was used to examine the similarity of voivodships budget structure. Computed index values allowed to group all pairs of voivodships using the algorithm of vector elimination. In certain clusters, location and variability of selected sustainable development indicators were analyzed. This allowed to check how similarity of the expenditure structure of voivodships had influenced their increased economic and social cohesion.

scholarly journals ‘Don’t play if you can’t win’: does economic inequality undermine political equality?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schäfer ◽  
Hanna Schwander
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate whether income inequality negatively affects voter turnout. Despite some progress, the answer to this question is still debated due to methodological disagreements and differences in the selection of countries and time periods. We contribute to this debate by triangulating data and methods. More specifically, we use three kinds of data to resolve the question: first, we use cross-sectional aggregate data of 21 OECD countries in the time period from 1980 to 2014 to study the relationship between inequality and electoral participation. Second, we zoom in on the German case and examine local data from 402 administrative districts between 1998 and 2017. Focusing on within-country variation eliminates differences that are linked to features of the political system. Finally, we combine survey data with macro-data to investigate the impact of inequality on individual voting. This final step also allows us to test whether the effect of income inequality on voter turnout differs across income groups. Taken together, we offer the most comprehensive analysis of the impact of social inequality on political inequality to date. We corroborate accounts that argue that economic inequality exacerbates participatory inequality.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW AND AUDIT OF REAL WORLD DATA TO INFORM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL ILL-HEALTH AND TYPE-2 DIABETES FAVOURABLE PROGNOSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
NASREEM BIBI ◽  
BAHTA WARA ◽  
SAQIB MUGHAL ◽  
HANA MORRISSEY ◽  
PATRICK BALL
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Adherence Behaviour ◽  
Audit Data ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this scoping study was to identify gaps in the current literature and understand the T2DM and MIH comorbidity trends in the local population from the West Midlands, UK to inform future studies. Methods: This project was a scoping study of two parts; a critical review and a clinical audit. A thematic approach was used to group studies based on their overall study outcome. The clinical audit data was used to compare the local patient population to the patterns identified in the literature reviewed. Results: The reviewed studies reported a relationship between T2DM control and both depression and anxiety, but did not agree on its significance. The clinical audit of 71 patients diagnosed with T2DM showed that 73% of males presented with poor diabetes control (HbA1c>7) compared to females (46%). Conversely, females exhibited a higher prevalence of MIH (45%) compared to males (31%). Conclusion: From both this audit of the literature and local data, it remains unclear whether mental-ill health is a major driver for medication non-adherence behaviour and uncontrolled diabetes. Further studies are recommended to further understand this comorbidity.

scholarly journals Using stochastic space-time models to map extreme precipitation in southern Portugal

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Costa ◽  
R. Durão ◽  
M. J. Pereira ◽  
A. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The topographic characteristics and spatial climatic diversity are significant in the South of continental Portugal where the rainfall regime is typically Mediterranean. Direct sequential cosimulation is proposed for mapping an extreme precipitation index in southern Portugal using elevation as auxiliary information. The analysed index (R5D) can be considered a flood indicator because it provides a measure of medium-term precipitation total. The methodology accounts for local data variability and incorporates space-time models that allow capturing long-term trends of extreme precipitation, and local changes in the relationship between elevation and extreme precipitation through time. Annual gridded datasets of the flood indicator are produced from 1940 to 1999 on 800 m×800 m grids by using the space-time relationship between elevation and the index. Uncertainty evaluations of the proposed scenarios are also produced for each year. The results indicate that the relationship between elevation and extreme precipitation varies locally and has decreased through time over the study region. In wetter years the flood indicator exhibits the highest values in mountainous regions of the South, while in drier years the spatial pattern of extreme precipitation has much less variability over the study region. The uncertainty of extreme precipitation estimates also varies in time and space, and in earlier decades is strongly dependent on the density of the monitoring stations network. The produced maps will be useful in regional and local studies related to climate change, desertification, land and water resources management, hydrological modelling, and flood mitigation planning.

The Design and Case Study of Pervious Concrete Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 781-784
Author(s):  
Chao Lung Hwang ◽  
Chun Tsun Chen ◽  
Hsiu Lung Huang ◽  
Sheng Szu Peng ◽  
Le Anh Tuan Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Void Ratio ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Local Code ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study is mainly focused on the design and application of pervious concrete material to pavement and growing plant. The test results show: 1. Addition of fine aggregate obtains better binder quality. 2. Both small aggregate size and good aggregate gradation improve strength, but reduce void ratio and permeability. 3. A data bank of the relationship of the strength, the void ratio and the permeability of pervious concrete was built. 4. A practice case study of pavement demonstrates excellent permeability comparing to the local code and good quality as well as grass growing normally.

scholarly journals Memory Access Behavior Analysis of NUMA-Based Shared Memory Programs

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tao ◽  
Wolfgang Karl ◽  
Martin Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Shared Memory ◽  
Data Locality ◽  
Memory Access ◽  
Remote Memory ◽  
Data Layout ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Working Set ◽  
Memory Accesses ◽  
Memory Applications

Shared memory applications running transparently on top of NUMA architectures often face severe performance problems due to bad data locality and excessive remote memory accesses. Optimizations with respect to data locality are therefore necessary, but require a fundamental understanding of an application's memory access behavior. The information necessary for this cannot be obtained using simple code instrumentation due to the implicit nature of the communication handled by the NUMA hardware, the large amount of traffic produced at runtime, and the fine access granularity in shared memory codes. In this paper an approach to overcome these problems and thereby to enable an easy and efficient optimization process is presented. Based on a low-level hardware monitoring facility in coordination with a comprehensive visualization tool, it enables the generation of memory access histograms capable of showing all memory accesses across the complete address space of an application's working set. This information can be used to identify access hot spots, to understand the dynamic behavior of shared memory applications, and to optimize applications using an application specific data layout resulting in significant performance improvements.

scholarly journals Changes in the tourist function of Kujawy health resorts (based on the capacity and type of accommodation)

Turyzm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Andrzej Matczak
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Health Resorts ◽  
The Relationship

The article is an attempt to verify the hypothesis that the tourist function in Polish health resorts is becoming increasingly diversified. It presents data concerning the capacity and type of accommodation in three Kujawy health resorts, as well as their amenities. The data was provided by the Local Data Bank at the Central Statistical Office (GUS), and refers to the period between 1995 and 2018. The study findings point to the increasingly diversification of the tourist function in Kujawy health resorts. The greatest changes have been identified at Ciechocinek which can currently be defined as a tourism and health resort. Less advanced changes have been found in Inowrocław, while Wieniec-Zdrój still remains a typical spa with a marginal share of other functions. Based on official statistics, the author has identified general trends taking place in health resort infrastructure. Only a limited quantitative analysis of the relationship between the health and tourist functions of Kujawy health resorts has been made, mostly due to the incompleteness of the statistical data.

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