scholarly journals Implications of Concepts of Consciousness for Understanding Pain Behaviour and the Definitiion of Pain

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D Craig
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Inherent Quality

Judgements of the nature and severity of pain others may be experiencing are heavily influenced by an observer's preconceptions about the nature of the experience. Our personal sense of conscious experience dictates a search for consciousness characterized by the state of awareness found in competent adults, including constructive memories and thoughts, images and feelings. People incapable of verbally articulating experiences akin to those reported by competent older children and adults are at risk of having other evidence of pain denied, minimized or ignored. Despite substantial behavioural evidence for pain in the neonate and infant, and findings indicating destructive immediate and long term consequences if pain is not controlled, pain in infants and children often continues to be discounted. An alternative perspective on infant consciousness of pain focusing upon sensory and emotional components is presented. The current prominent definition of pain supports the prejudice favouring adult conceptions of consciousness by emphasizing the importance of self-report in assessing pain. Explanatory notes accompanying this definition also perpetrate the misguided belief that the experience of pain emerges as a product of early life experiences. The case for using nonverbal as well as verbal expression in the process of inferring states of pain is presented. As well, the proposition is supported that there should be explicit recognition that the experience of pain is an inherent quality of life present in all viable newborns, with the nature of the experience and its expression changing in the course of maturation and as a result of exposure to life experiences related to tissue injury.

The Role of Knowledge Management (KM) in Aged Care Informatics

Big Data ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 1668-1686
Author(s):  
Margee Hume ◽  
Craig Hume ◽  
Paul Johnston ◽  
Jeffrey Soar ◽  
Jon Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Definition Of

Aged care is projected to be the fastest-growing sector within the health and community care industries (Reynolds, 2009). Strengthening the care-giving workforce, compliance, delivery, and technology is not only vital to our social infrastructure and improving the quality of care, but also has the potential to drive long-term economic growth and contribute to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This chapter examines the role of Knowledge Management (KM) in aged care organizations to assist in the delivery of aged care. With limited research related to KM in aged care, this chapter advances knowledge and offers a unique view of KM from the perspective of 22 aged care stakeholders. Using in-depth interviewing, this chapter explores the definition of knowledge in aged care facilities, the importance of knowledge planning, capture, and diffusion for accreditation purposes, and offers recommendations for the development of sustainable knowledge management practice and development.

Acetabular Growth Potential in the Dysplastic and Normal Hip. A Long-Term Follow-Up

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
F. Specchiulli ◽  
L. Scialpi ◽  
G. Solafino ◽  
L. Battelli ◽  
L. Nitti
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hip Dislocation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Initial Correction

In CHD (Congenital Hip Dislocation), the elements which determine the degree and quality of acetabular growth are not clear. This has caused a great deal of controversy on the capability of development of the cotyloid cavity, hence on the indications to reconstructive surgical treatment. In order to study the behavior of che cotyloid cavity, two groups of patients were taken into consideration: normal subjects and subjects with CHD. In normal subjects the median value of the Hingelreiner angle was 19°–4'± 1° (normal limit), at 1 year old. The acetabular index decreases rapidly until becoming stable at adult values at the age of 8-10 years of age. The distinctive characteristics of the hip with spontaneous recovery from cotyloid dysplasia could be defined as follows: a) the higher critical value on average is reached after 24 months of treatment; b) once the borderline is reached, the dislocated hip evolves in the same way as the healthy hip; c) the earlier treatment is started, the sooner correction of the H angle is obtained; d) the cotyloid cavity continues to develop even after 5 years from reduction. In CHD with terminal residual dysplasia, an initial correction of the H angle is followed by a sudden interruption in acetabular development, which remains inadequate and will never reach normal values. These data allow not only the definition of the acetabular growth potential, but also the establishment of more precise indications for reconstructive surgical treatment.

Multiple perspectives on quality of life for residents with dementia in long term care facilities: protocol for a comprehensive Australian study

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Beattie ◽  
Maria O’Reilly ◽  
Wendy Moyle ◽  
Lynn Chenoweth ◽  
Deirdre Fetherstonhaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
National Study ◽  
Term Care ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Care Facilities

ABSTRACTBackground:Dementia is a chronic illness without cure or effective treatment, which results in declining mental and physical function and assistance from others to manage activities of daily living. Many people with dementia live in long term care facilities, yet research into their quality of life (QoL) was rare until the last decade. Previous studies failed to incorporate important variables related to the facility and care provision or to look closely at the daily lives of residents. This paper presents a protocol for a comprehensive, multi-perspective assessment of QoL of residents with dementia living in long term care in Australia. A secondary aim is investigating the effectiveness of self-report instruments for measuring QoL.Methods:The study utilizes a descriptive, mixed methods design to examine how facility, care staff, and resident factors impact QoL. Over 500 residents with dementia from a stratified, random sample of 53 facilities are being recruited. A sub-sample of 12 residents is also taking part in qualitative interviews and observations.Conclusions:This national study will provide a broad understanding of factors underlying QoL for residents with dementia in long term care. The present study uses a similar methodology to the US-based Collaborative Studies of Long Term Care (CS-LTC) Dementia Care Study, applying it to the Australian setting.

Decreased oxygen exposure during transportation of newborns

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayatat Ruangkit ◽  
Sasivimon Soonsawad ◽  
Thavatchai Tutchamnong ◽  
Buranee Swatesutipun
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Oxygen Exposure ◽  
Species Formation ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Excessive Oxygen

Oxygen is the most common treatment for newborns in need of respiratory support. However, oxygen can cause tissue injury through reactive oxygen species formation, especially in premature infants with reduced antioxidant defences, and may result in short-term and long-term toxic effects in multiple organ systems. Although most hospitals have the capability to tightly control oxygen delivery to hospitalised neonates, in many circumstances, the need is overlooked during infant transport. Lack of awareness of harm or appropriate medical equipment invariably results in excessive oxygen exposure. We developed a quality improvement programme to decrease oxygen exposure to newborns during their transportation, thus improving patient safety and quality of care.

Quality of Life in Long-Term Forensic Psychiatric Care: Comparison of Self-Report and Proxy Assessments

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Helena Hendrika Schel ◽  
Yvonne Helena Alexandra Bouman ◽  
Berend Hendrik Bulten
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

Why do they do it? Assessing self-report physical activity behavior and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 964-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S Fasczewski ◽  
Sara M Rothberger ◽  
Diane L Gill
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Activity Behavior

Physical activity has been shown to effectively aid multiple sclerosis symptom management; however, individuals with multiple sclerosis tend to be inactive physically. Developing effective, sustainable, physical activity interventions involves first understanding motivators for physical activity. Open-ended surveys exploring physical activity motivators were collected from 215 individuals with multiple sclerosis. Responses indicate that self-efficacy and internalized motivation derived from physical activity outcomes were motivators for physical activity, and physical activity was cited as increasing overall quality of life. Future physical activity interventions should incorporate methods for building self-efficacy for physical activity and focus on increasing awareness of the long-term physical benefits derived from physical activity.

Definition, Epidemiology, Clinical Course and Outcomes in Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S67-S67
Author(s):  
J. Seppala ◽  
J. Miettunen ◽  
E. Jääskeläinen ◽  
M. Isohanni ◽  
A. Seppälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Definition Of

Based on a systematic review on TRS 285 studies were included regarding definitions of TRS (n = 11), genetics (18), brain structure and functioning (18), cognition (8), other neurobiological studies (16), medication (158), psychotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation (12), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (15), prognosis (21), and other miscellaneous studies (8). Definitions of TRS varied notably. TRS was associated with 3 to 11-fold higher healthcare costs than schizophrenia in general. One-fifth to one-third of all patients with schizophrenia were considered to be resistant to treatment. Based on limited evidence of genetics, brain structure and functioning and cognition, TRS may present as a different disorder with different etiology compared to non-TRS. Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, ECT and cognitive-behavioral therapy have shown effectiveness, although the number of studies and quality of research on interventions is limited. About 40% to 70% of TRS patients had an unfavorable prognosis. Younger age, living in a rural or less urban area, primary education level, more psychiatric hospital treatment days in the year before first schizophrenia diagnosis, inpatient at first schizophrenia diagnosis, paranoid subtype, comorbid personality disorder and previous suicide attempt may be risk factors associated with TRS.TRS is a poorly defined, studied and understood condition. To create a framework of knowledge for TRS, as a basis to develop innovative studies on treatment, there is a need for a consensus on the definition of TRS. Prospective long-term prognostic and novel treatment intervention studies are needed [1].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Progredienzangst entlang der Überlebensspanne: Ergebnisse einer Befragung erwachsener Langzeit-Krebsüberlebender

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Dominik Fugmann ◽  
André Karger
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fear Of Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cross Sectional

<b>Objective:</b> Our study analysed fear of cancer recurrence (FoR) in long-term cancer survivors in relation to medical variables, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. <b>Methods:</b> We present data obtained from 1,002 cancer survivors (53% male, mean age = 68 years, 26% prostate cancer, 22% breast cancer) across all cancer types 5 (N = 660) and 10 (N = 342) years after diagnosis, who were recruited via a large Clinical Cancer Registry in Germany in a cross-sectional study. FoR, depression, and anxiety were measured using validated self-report questionnaires (12-item short version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire [FoP-Q-SF], Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9[, and General Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]). Hierarchical regression models were carried out with FoR as dependent variable and time since diagnosis as control variable. <b>Results:</b> We found high FoR-values in 17% of the cancer survivors (FoP-Q-SF total score&#x3e;33). FoR was higher in the 5-year cohort (P = .028, d = 0.153). Cancer survivors were most worried about the future of the family; they report being nervous prior to doctor’s appointment and being afraid of relying on strangers help. Higher FoR was related to female gender (Beta = .149, P&#x3c;.001), younger age (Beta = -.103, P&#x3c;.001), low social (Beta = -.129, P&#x3c;.001) and emotional functioning (Beta = -.269, P&#x3c;.001), received hormone therapy (P = .025, d = 0.056), and high anxiety levels (Beta = .227, P&#x3c;.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Even though FoR declines slightly over time, it is still a common mental health problem for long-term survivors even 10 years after cancer diagnosis. Since FoR is associated with reduced emotional and social quality of life, patients who are at greater risk of experiencing FoR must be identified and supported. Particularly at risk are younger women who received hormone therapy.

scholarly journals Benefits Resulting from Maintaining a Relationship between Economic Universities and Their Alumni: the Case of the Warsaw School of Economics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andżelika Kuźnar ◽  
Joanna Żukowska
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Foreign Universities ◽  
Source Of Information

Alumni are more and more often perceived as the most important asset of a university, crucial for the implementation of its strategic goals. Polish economic universities, in comparison to American and many European ones, have much to catch up on in this area. The problem is not only that funds are too small in relation to the needs. There is a lack of systematised knowledge about the possible benefits of maintaining a relationship between universities and alumni, as well as the lack of developed models for this cooperation. The aim of the article is to assess the benefits of cooperation between universities of economics and their alumni taking into account the benefits for the university, its alumni and present students, and to identify good practice in this area. The research method was based on the analysis of the results of a survey conducted online from 28 universities in 19 countries. An additional source of information was the literature, websites, a diagnosis of the situation at the Warsaw School of Economics (SGH) and the experience of the authors who have visited some of the foreign universities. As a result of the analysis, it was found that universities are aware of the benefits of maintaining relationships with alumni. The quality of this cooperation is not satisfactory and action is necessary to organise it better. In the case of the SGH, which has been subject to a detailed analysis, there is no clear definition of the goals for maintaining relationships with alumni. The priority should be to develop a long-term strategy leading to organising these relations and outline a desired model of cooperation.

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