scholarly journals Susceptibility of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci in the Lower St Lawrence Region, Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Annie DesRosiers ◽  
Patrick Dolcé ◽  
Philippe Jutras ◽  
Louise P Jetté
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Group A ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
Lysed Horse Blood

OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) in the lower St Lawrence region, Quebec to different antibiotics, particularly macrolides, and to compare different antibiogram methods (disk diffusion, E-test and microdilution) and incubation atmospheres (ambient air and 5% carbon dioxide).METHODS: A total of 384 strains of GABHS isolated from 377 patients (throat 335; other sites 49) from three hospitals in the lower St Lawrence region were analyzed for their susceptibility to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, penicillin, clindamycin, cephalothin, rifampin and vancomycin by disk diffusion on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood (MHB) at 35ºC in 5% carbon dioxide. Strains that were found to be intermediately resistant or resistant to one of the antibiotics by disc diffusion, strains from sites other than throat, and a sample of 97 pharyngeal strains were evaluated by E-test on MHB (35ºC, 5% carbon dioxide) for their susceptibility to the antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, penicillin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for erythromycin and azithromycin by broth microdilution using MH broth supplemented with 2.5 % of lysed horse blood (35ºC, ambient air) on strains that were resistant or intermediately resistant to the macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin). An evaluation was also carried out on these strains to determine the influence of the incubating atmosphere (ambient air versus 5% carbon dioxide) on susceptibility results obtained by disk diffusion (erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) and E-test (erythromycin and azithromycin) methods.RESULTS: Nine strains (2%) from nine patients (throat eight, pus one) were resistant to all macrolides as tested by three different techniques (disk diffusion, E-test and microdilution). All strains were susceptible to all the other antibiotics tested. For the strains intermediately resistant or resistant to macrolides, incubation in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere was associated with a reduction in the diameter of inhibition determined by disk diffusion (P<0.001) with frequent minor variations in interpretation, and with an increase in the MIC by E-test (P<0.001), which had no impact on interpretation.CONCLUSIONS: Resistance of GABHS to macrolides was not common (2%) in the lower St Lawrence Region. GABHS susceptibility to erythromycin seemed to predict the susceptibility to the other macrolides. Significant variation in antibiogram results (disk diffusion and E-test) of GABHS susceptibility to macrolides was related to the incubation atmosphere and may have an impact on the interpretation of disk diffusion results.

scholarly journals IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON BLOOD GROUPS

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Baer ◽  
Elvin A. Kabat ◽  
Vesta Knaub
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Group A ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
Blood Group Substances ◽  
Group B

Blood group substances have been isolated from the saliva of human beings of blood group B and from the linings of individual horse stomachs. The properties of the human B substances are similar to those of hog and human blood group substances previously isolated. The horse substances showed lower hexosamine and reducing sugar and higher total and non-hexosamine nitrogen than do the materials from the other species. Materials isolated from individual horse stomachs possess either A or B activity or both. Certain stomachs yielded products of identical analytical composition but with neither blood group A, B, or O activity as measured by their ability to inhibit isoagglutination. Fucose has been identified as a constituent of the horse blood group substances.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (85) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Wolfgang Gross ◽  
Iris Cox Hayslip ◽  
Roberta N. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Static Conductivity ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ionic Impurities ◽  
Freezing Potential ◽  
Dielectric Conductivity

Abstract Three-terminal dielectric bridge measurements (in the range 20 Hz to 100 kHz between — 5°C and —90 to — 120°C) have been made of ice doped with (a) conductivity-enhancing ionic impurities (HCl, HF, NaCl, KF, NH4F) and (b) conductivity-depressing solutes (NH4OH, NH4Cl, NH5CO3, NaHCO3). Blocking electrodes were used for the first group. The true ice parameters were extracted from linearized plots of the Debye equations. Chlorides and fluorides showed very similar characteristics in their spectra and static conductivity. The results suggest that static conductivity is controlled by extrinsic protons. On the other hand, bases, or solutes that impart a positive freezing potential to the ice, suppress extrinsic protons. In this case, the static conductivity was not, or only weakly, temperature dependent and lower than in the first group. A conductivity cross-over was observed in neither case. The dielectric conductivity contribution is strongly dependent on impurity concentration but apparently less affected than the static conductivity by the nature of the solute. The principal relaxation time is reduced by most solutes, exceptions are pure (bicarbonate-free) bases, sodium bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity and Relaxation in Ice Crystals with Known Impurity Content

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (85) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Wolfgang Gross ◽  
Iris Cox Hayslip ◽  
Roberta N. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Static Conductivity ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ionic Impurities ◽  
Freezing Potential ◽  
Dielectric Conductivity

AbstractThree-terminal dielectric bridge measurements (in the range 20 Hz to 100 kHz between — 5°C and —90 to — 120°C) have been made of ice doped with (a) conductivity-enhancing ionic impurities (HCl, HF, NaCl, KF, NH4F) and (b) conductivity-depressing solutes (NH4OH, NH4Cl, NH5CO3, NaHCO3). Blocking electrodes were used for the first group. The true ice parameters were extracted from linearized plots of the Debye equations. Chlorides and fluorides showed very similar characteristics in their spectra and static conductivity. The results suggest that static conductivity is controlled by extrinsic protons. On the other hand, bases, or solutes that impart a positive freezing potential to the ice, suppress extrinsic protons. In this case, the static conductivity was not, or only weakly, temperature dependent and lower than in the first group. A conductivity cross-over was observed in neither case. The dielectric conductivity contribution is strongly dependent on impurity concentration but apparently less affected than the static conductivity by the nature of the solute. The principal relaxation time is reduced by most solutes, exceptions are pure (bicarbonate-free) bases, sodium bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Effect of In Vitro Testing Parameters on Ceftazidime-Avibactam Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany R. Keepers ◽  
Marcela Gomez ◽  
Donald Biek ◽  
Ian Critchley ◽  
Kevin M. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Horse Blood ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Effects of varying in vitro susceptibility testing parameters of the broth microdilution assay on ceftazidime-avibactam MICs were determined and compared to meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam for 9 Enterobacteriaceae and 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The effect of varying incubation conditions (ambient air or 5% CO2), pH of medium, medium composition (cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth with and without laked horse blood and Haemophilus Test Medium), cation content of the medium, and inoculum density were tested. Most variations had no effect on ceftazidime-avibactam MIC values (no more than a 2-fold change). However, acidic pH or high inoculum resulted in 4- to 16-fold changes in MIC, which was similar to those observed for meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam under these conditions. Overall, this study shows that slight variations in testing parameters during routine MIC testing will likely have no significant effect on ceftazidime-avibactam MIC values.

scholarly journals Determination of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae by Using the E Test with Mueller-Hinton Agar Supplemented with Sheep or Horse Blood May Be Unreliable

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lovgren ◽  
L. Dell’Acqua ◽  
R. Palacio ◽  
G. Echániz-Aviles ◽  
A. Soto-Noguerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Horse Blood

An international, multicenter study compared trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MICs for 743 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (107 to 244 isolates per country) by E test, using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood or 5% defibrinated sheep blood, with MICs determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution reference method. Agreement within 1 log2dilution and minor error rates were 69.3 and 15.5%, respectively, on sheep blood-supplemented agar and 76.9 and 13.6%, respectively, with horse blood as the supplement. Significant interlaboratory variability was observed. E test may not be a reliable method for determining the resistance of pneumococci to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Tonsillar Inflammation, a Rare Cause of Bradycardia and Hypotension

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group A

Tonsillitis is a frequently encountered pathology in the outpatient setting, usually caused by viruses [1]. When bacterial, the most common causatory microbe is streptococcus group A [1]. Tonsillar and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) on the other hand are never viral, and are usually caused by streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus melleri, fusobacterium necrophorum and staphylococci [1,2]. The overall incidence of PTA is suggested to be 37/100,000 patients, with the highest incidence between ages 14-21 at 124/100,000 [3].

Psychophysically Based Physical Capability Limits For Right Angle Power Tool Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 910-914
Author(s):  
Jonathan Valencia ◽  
Joel Cort
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Joint Orientation ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Group A ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

A psychophysical methodology was utilized to examine 40 non-skilled female participants performing right-angle power tool (RAPT) fastening tasks. A combination of two between subject variables were examined for a total of four between-subject groups: joint orientation (horizontal and vertical planes) and joint hardness (hard and soft joints). Participants were evenly distributed into one of four joint orientation- hardness groups. Within each group, a combination of three fastening strategies and three fastening frequencies were performed by each participant. The chosen target torque determined the physical capability limits (PCL). A mixed-design repeated analysis of variance with Tukey’ significance post hoc test were used to determine any significance with the measured variables ( p<0.05). Fastening strategy and frequency influenced the chosen torque magnitude. Participants chose significantly higher target torques with the Turbo Tight strategy in comparison to the other two strategies. Furthermore, participants chose to accept lower target torques and forces as fastening frequency increased.

Thermodynamic Studies of Iron Carbonate Solubility in Aqueous Monoethylene Glycol Mixtures and CO2 Atmosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Senna Figueiredo ◽  
Jailton Ferreira do Nascimento ◽  
Rony Oliveira de Sant'ana ◽  
Deborah Cordeiro de Andrade ◽  
Zaniel Souto Dantas Procópio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Iron Carbonate ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Monoethylene Glycol

Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is being widely applied as thermodynamic inhibitor to avoid formation of natural gas hydrates. High hydrophilicity, low toxicity, low viscosity, low solubility in liquid hydrocarbons and high capacity of dissolving salts are advantageous for the use of MEG in the natural gas production. In addition, MEG recovery can be easily achieved considering its low volatility in relation to water, which makes the process economical and environmentally feasible. The reuse of MEG is being theme of research and phase equilibrium data for the involved species are required. In this work, a experimental procedure to synthetize iron carbonate and, afterwards, determine its solubility in aqueous mixtures of MEG in the presence of carbon dioxide atmosphere have been developed. Furthermore, a series of solubility data has been measured. This work presents a worthy contribution to the description of iron carbonate aqueous solubilities in the presence of MEG and carbon dioxide, regarding the instability of the salt to respect of oxidation. Subsequently, the knowledge of the behavior of the iron carbonate solubilities is useful for the industrial unities of production of natural gas and recovery of MEG.

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