scholarly journals Do Nitrogen Concentration and Forage Quality of the MossRacomitrium lanuginosumIncrease with Latitude?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. M. Speed ◽  
R. van der Wal ◽  
S. J. Woodin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Herbivore Species

Mosses are an important component of high latitude ecosystems, contributing the majority of the plant biomass in many communities. In Arctic regions mosses also form a substantial part of the diet of many herbivore species. This may reflect either the availability of moss or its quality as forage. Here we test whether the nitrogen concentration and forage quality of the mossRacomitrium lanuginosumincrease with latitude and discuss the findings with reference to herbivore utilisation of moss in the Arctic. In contrast to vascular plants, moss nitrogen concentration significantly decreased with latitude (P<.01), in line with estimates of N deposition at the sampling sites. In addition, no evidence of an increase in nutritional quality of moss with latitude was observed; thus, this study suggests that the utilisation of moss by herbivores in arctic ecosystems maybe a function of their relatively high biomass rather than their quality as forage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of AIS reception in Arctic regions from space by using a stratospheric balloon flight

Polar Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Abildgaard Larsen ◽  
Jens Dalsgaard Nielsen ◽  
Hans Peter Mortensen ◽  
Ulrik Wilken Rasmussen ◽  
Troels Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Balloon Flight ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stratospheric Balloon

ABSTRACTDue to the increased melting season in the arctic regions, especially in the seas surrounding Greenland, there has been an increased interest in utilising these waterways, both as an efficient transport route and an attractive leisure destination. However, with heavier traffic comes an increased risk of accidents. Due to the immense size and poor infrastructure of Greenland, it is not feasible to deploy ground based ship monitoring stations throughout the Greenland coastline. Thus the only feasible solution is to perform such surveillance from space. In this paper it is shown how it is possible to receive transmissions from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) from space and the quality of the received AIS signal is analysed. To validate the proposed theory, a field study, utilising a prototype of AAUSAT3, the third satellite from Aalborg University, was performed using a stratospheric balloon flight in the northern part of Sweden and Finland during the autumn of 2009. The analysis finds that, assuming a similar ship distribution as in the Barents Sea, it is feasible to monitor the ship traffic around Greenland from space with a satisfactory result.

Monetization of the Ecosystem Services of the Russian Arctic and the Assesment of Investitional Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
E.V. Abakumov ◽  
A.E. Lemyakina ◽  
V.O. Titov ◽  
A.E. Vashchuk ◽  
Yu.N. Guzov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Тhe problems of valuation of ecosystem services in connection with the activation of economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone are discussed. The types of negative impacts on the Arctic ecosystems and their assessment, investment risks existing in ecosystem services are considered. It is shown that the application of the methodology and apparatus of ecosystem services contributes to the adequate assessment and creation of a hierarchical classification of "usefulness" and "benefits" that society can get from the existence, use and nonuse of ecosystems. The concept of ecosystem services in relation to Arctic consists of three components: identification, monetization and ecological risk assessment. The example of the Arctic ecosystems shows that the susceptibility to assessment and the accuracy of the assessment can be quite different and is largely dependent on the type of service in the classification. The analysis of possible ecosystem services and their relationship with the quality of life of people in the Russian Arctic indicates significant investment risks.

scholarly journals Variations in plant forage quality in the range of the Porcupine caribou herd

Rangifer ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Johnstone ◽  
Donald E. Russell ◽  
Brad Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs

Understanding potential impacts of vegetation change on caribou energetics requires information on variations in forage quality among different plant types and over time. We synthesized data on forage quality (nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber and dry matter digestibility) for 10 plant growth forms from existing scientific literature and from field research in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. These data describe forage quality of plant species in habitats found within the summer and winter range of the Porcupine caribou herd in northwestern Canada and northern Alaska, U.S.A. We compared mean levels of summer forage quality among growth forms and, where possible, estimated seasonal changes in forage quality. Preferred forage groups (deciduous shrubs, forbs, and cottongrass flowers) had higher nitrogen and digestibility, and lower fiber content, than other growth forms. Nitrogen concentration in green biomass peaked at the onset of the growing season in forbs and deciduous shrubs, whereas graminoids reached peak nitrogen concentrations approximately 15-30 days after growth initiation. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of green biomass differed among growth forms, but did not show strong seasonal changes. IVDMD and NDF concentrations were correlated with nitrogen concentrations in studies that had paired sampling.

scholarly journals Modeling a Process-Oriented System for Ensuring the Guality of Medical Services in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
K. N. Glazov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Oriented System

Purpose: the main goal is to simulate a process-oriented system for ensuring the quality of medical services in health care facilities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: formulated the main aspects of process-oriented quality assurance services in health care; a model was built for the implementation of a process-oriented system for ensuring the quality of services in the conditions of the Arctic territories; developed guidelines for the practical implementation of a process-oriented system to ensure the quality of medical services in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.Methods: this article is based on an interdisciplinary concept of ensuring the quality of medical services provided in relation to the specifics of the functioning and development of treatment-and-prophylactic organizations based on a process-oriented approach.Results: the most important direction of development of the national economy is to ensure an adequate level of quality of medical services provided in health care organizations and in the formation of patient-oriented service for end users (patients), which is especially important for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes foreign sources regarding the use of a process-oriented approach to the issues of ensuring the quality of medical services provided. Also in this publication a model of process-oriented quality assurance of medical services in the conditions of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation is formed. Practical recommendations for the effective use of process-oriented mechanisms ensuring the quality of medical services in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation have been developed.Conclusions and Relevance: the materials presented in the article show the special role of the health care system in social and economic processes. The proposed model of ensuring the quality of medical services is recommended for use not only in the represented region, it could be effective for all organizations in the field of health care, regardless of the form of ownership and organizational-legal form, as well as territorial location. Research conducted in this article represents the development of scientific ideas about modern technologies to ensure the quality of medical services in a regional perspective. The practical application of its results will improve the procedures for managing the quality of services, organizing business processes of basic medical activities, including the production of medical services, as well as their service characteristics in relation to healthcare, taking into account current economic and social trends, and as a result ensure their sustainable development.

scholarly journals ABOUT BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRIORITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GLOBALIZATION FACTOR

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Veronika Pobedonostseva ◽  
Galina Pobedonostseva
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
World Population ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Growth

The basic principles and development priorities of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the impact on some of them of the global growth factor of the world population are considered. The analysis of the rating of the quality of life of the population of the Russian Arctic regions. It lags behind the rating of the level of economic development of these regions.

scholarly journals Impact of seasonal variations of ambient seismic noise level on the number of registered earthquakes in the Arctic regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
ER Morozova ◽  
AP Turova
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
European Arctic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
International Seismological Centre ◽  
The Impact

Researchers at the Seismological Laboratory of the Institute of Geodynamics and Geology of the Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIARctic) have been engaged in the seismological monitoring of the European Arctic sector since 2011. In this paper, we present a comparative assessment of the earthquakes spatial distribution in this region based on the data from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and the FCIARctic’s Arkhangelsk Seismic Network (ASN) obtained in 2012–2016. The paper presents the waveforms of earthquakes occurred at the Gakkel Ridge and the Svalbard archipelago processed with the use of a Russian software package WSG (Windows Seismic Grafer) recommended by the Unified Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A standard 4–8 Hz bandpass filter was used for the processing of regional Arctic earthquakes. The impact of seasonal variations on the quality of earthquakes registration was analysed based on the seismograms recorded by the ASN’s island-based Arctic stations from 2012 to 2014 The same analysis was done for the central broadband sensor SPA0 of the Norwegian NORSAR-owned SPITS group installed at the Svalbard archipelago. A correlation has been established between the number of earthquakes recorded by the ASN’s island Arctic stations and SPA0 station. The number of regional earthquakes, recorded by ASN’s island Arctic stations is is smaller in summer-autumn periods than in winter periods. Forthe SPA0 station, which is part of SPITS group, there is not seasonality in the number of registered earthquakes. Generally, earthquakes are recorded uniformly, exception on January. This might be due to the increased seismic activity in the Svalbard archipelago during that period.

The Effects of Predicted Soil Moisture and Temperature Increase on CO2 Exchange within a High Arctic Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Snow Fences

With 2014 being the warmest year on record and 10 of the warmest years occurring after 1997, it is essential to understand the effects of this warming on CO2 exchange. It was also discovered that much of this warming is focused in the Arctic regions, which are sensitive to changes in temperature (Cole & McCarthy, 2015). My research examines the effects of enhanced snowfall and soil temperature on the exchange of CO2 between the land and the atmosphere in a high arctic environment. The research is taking place at Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO) on Melville Island, Nunavut as part of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). The goal of ITEX is to better understand the effects of increased summer temperature and increased snowfall on arctic ecosystems. This is a full factorial experiment including treatments varying precipitation (and likely soil moisture), soil temperature, moisture and temperature together, and a control that is at ambient soil moisture and temperature. Snow fences are used to enhance precipitation, while open-topped transparent chambers are used to increase soil temperature. In a companion lab experiment, I look at the effects of different soil moisture levels and temperatures on soil CO2 production in a more controlled environment. Two temperatures, two moisture levels, and eight replicates of each will be established in sealed incubation chambers, and soils will be incubated for 33 days. Presently a significant relationship has been found between soil moisture and CO2 flux within the field experiment.

scholarly journals Applicability of online professional education to the conditions of the Arctic zone: the viewpoint of employers

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Irina S. Stepus ◽  
◽  
Anna V. Simakova ◽  
Evgeny A. Pitukhin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Online Form

Introduction. Labor markets in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are challenged with the needs for personnel who have to work in the extreme conditions of the Far North. This objective circumstance imposes special, often increased requirements for the qualifications and level of training of job seekers, including the quality of their education. The relevance of this study is due to the increasingly popular online form of education, which is characterized by both advantages associated with the availability of such education and its safety in the era of a pandemic, and disadvantages associated with the quality of education received. The purpose of the study is to analyze the demand for specialists who have received professional education online in the labor market of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The information base of the study was the results of surveys of more than 2,200 employers from the territories of all 9 constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the Arctic zone. The surveys were conducted using online survey methods. The methods of descriptive statistics, system analysis and comparative data analysis were used when processing the survey results. Research results. The applicability of obtaining professional education in online form for the conditions of the Arctic zone is approved by 58% of the surveyed employers, and 42% have a negative attitude to this practice. Only every third employer surveyed considers the online education system existing in the RF AZ as a whole to meet their requirements for this type of training. At the same time, over 40% of employers in all Arctic regions expressed their readiness to hire specialists with a diploma in online education. The results of the survey, presented in the context of the Arctic regions and types of economic activity, showed a heterogeneous attitude of the employers to the issues under study. Discussion and conclusion. The results obtained confirmed the importance for the employers of the RF AZ of personnel training issues using online training, which has both a number of undoubted advantages for the Arctic territories and limitations. An important trend in the development of the study is to assess the capabilities of the existing system of distance online education from the perspective of the subjects of education themselves – universities and colleges located in the Arctic zone of Russia.

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