scholarly journals WY-14643, a Potent Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor-α PPAR-α Agonist Ameliorates the Inflammatory Process Associated to Experimental Periodontitis

PPAR Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Briguglio ◽  
Rosanna Di Paola ◽  
Irene Paterniti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon ◽  
Giacomo Oteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Silk Thread ◽  
Tyrosine Residues ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis

We have investigated the effects of WY14643, a potent peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-α(PPAR-α) agonist, in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were lightly anaesthetized with pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg). Sterile, 2-0 black braided silk thread was placed around the cervix of the lower left first molar and knotted medially. Animals received WY14643 (1 mg/kg i.p, daily for eight days). Eighths days after placement of the ligature, we evaluated several markers of inflammation such us (1) myeloperoxidase activity, (2) a cytokines and adhesion molecules expression, (3) NF-κB expression, (4) iNOS expression, (5) the nitration of tyrosine residues, (6) activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, (7) apoptosis, and (8) the degree of gingivomucosal tissues injury. Administration of WY14643 significantly decreased all of the parameters of inflammation as described above. These results demonstrate that WY14643 exerts an anti-inflammatory role during experimental periodontitis and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of PPAR-β/δin Inflammatory Process Associated to Experimental Periodontitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Di Paola ◽  
Francesco Briguglio ◽  
Irene Paterniti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon ◽  
Giacomo Oteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Silk Thread ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Mandibular First Molar

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-β/δ) in animal model of periodontitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were lightly anaesthetized with pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg). Sterile, 2-0 black braided silk thread was placed around the cervix of the lower left first molar and knotted medially. Animals received GW0742 (0.3 mg/kg, 10% DMSO, i.p. after the ligature placement and daily for eight days). At day 8, the gingivomucosal tissue encircling the mandibular first molar was removed. One the eighth day after placement of the ligature, we evaluated (1) NF-κB expression, (2) cytokines expression, (3) iNOS expression, (5) the nitration of tyrosine, (6) apoptosis, and (8) the degree of gingivomucosal tissues injury. Administration of GW0742 significantly decreased all of the parameters of inflammation as described above. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GW0742 exerts an anti-inflammatory role during experimental periodontitis and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage.

scholarly journals Transient Neonatal Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Triggers Long-Term Jejunal Hypersensitivity to Distension in Immunocompetent Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 4387-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Marion ◽  
Asiya Baishanbo ◽  
Gilles Gargala ◽  
Arnaud François ◽  
Philippe Ducrotté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Depressor Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

ABSTRACT In 5-day-old immunocompetent Sprague-Dawley rats infected with either 102 or 105 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, transient infection resulted 120 days later in increased cardiovascular depressor response to jejunal distension and jejunal myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.05). Nitazoxanide treatment normalized jejunal sensitivity (P < 0.001) but not myeloperoxidase levels (P > 0.05). Data warrant further evaluation of the role of early cryptosporidiosis in the development of chronic inflammatory gut conditions.

scholarly journals Enteral Baicalin, a Flavone Glycoside, Reduces Indicators of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shi ◽  
Guofeng Wu ◽  
Xiaohua Zou ◽  
Ke Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Background/Aims: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is one of the most common postoperative complications in intensive care medicine. Baicalin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles in various disorders. We aimed to test the protective effects of baicalin on CSA-AKI using a rat model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 75 min of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with 45 min of cardioplegic arrest (CA) to establish the AKI model. Baicalin was administered at different doses intragastrically 1 h before CPB. The control and treated rats were subjected to the evaluation of different kidney injury index and inflammation biomarkers. Results: Baicalin significantly attenuated CPB/CA-induced AKI in rats, as evidenced by the lower levels of serum creatinine, serum NGAL, and Kim1. Baicalin remarkably inhibited oxidative stress, reflected in the decreased malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione in renal tissue. Baicalin suppressed the expression of IL-18 and iNOS, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusion: Our data indicated that baicalin mediated CPB/CA-induced AKI by decreasing the oxidative stress and inflammation in the renal tissues, and that baicalin possesses the potential to be developed as a therapeutic tool in clinical use for CSA-AKI.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Blockade of PPAR Isoforms Increases Conditioned Fear Responding in the Presence of Nociceptive Tone

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Gaspar ◽  
Bright N. Okine ◽  
Alvaro Llorente-Berzal ◽  
Michelle Roche ◽  
David P. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Conditioned Analgesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pharmacological Blockade ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Nociceptive Behaviour

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors with three isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ) and can regulate pain, anxiety, and cognition. However, their role in conditioned fear and pain-fear interactions has not yet been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of systemically administered PPAR antagonists on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour, fear-conditioned analgesia (FCA), and conditioned fear in the presence of nociceptive tone in rats. Twenty-three and a half hours following fear conditioning to context, male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraplantar injection of formalin and intraperitoneal administration of vehicle, PPARα (GW6471), PPARβ/δ (GSK0660) or PPARγ (GW9662) antagonists, and 30 min later were re-exposed to the conditioning arena for 15 min. The PPAR antagonists did not alter nociceptive behaviour or fear-conditioned analgesia. The PPARα and PPARβ/δ antagonists prolonged context-induced freezing in the presence of nociceptive tone without affecting its initial expression. The PPARγ antagonist potentiated freezing over the entire trial. In conclusion, pharmacological blockade of PPARα and PPARβ/δ in the presence of formalin-evoked nociceptive tone, impaired short-term, within-trial fear-extinction in rats without affecting pain response, while blockade of PPARγ potentiated conditioned fear responding. These results suggest that endogenous signalling through these three PPAR isoforms may reduce the expression of conditioned fear in the presence of nociceptive tone.

scholarly journals Rosiglitazone Attenuated Endothelin-1-Induced Vasoconstriction of Pulmonary Arteries in the Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Differential Regulation of ET-1 Receptors

PPAR Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahan Liu ◽  
Xiao Yu Tian ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Nanping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary arterial pressure leading to right ventricular failure and death. Activation of the endothelin (ET)-1 system has been demonstrated in plasma and lung tissue of PAH patients as well as in animal models of PAH. Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ) agonists have been shown to ameliorate PAH. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism for the antivasoconstrictive effects of rosiglitazone in response to ET-1 in PAH. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% oxygen) for 3 weeks. Pulmonary arteries from PAH rats showed an enhanced vasoconstriction in response to ET-1. Treatment with PPARγagonist rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg per day) with oral gavage for 3 days attenuated the vasocontractive effect of ET-1. The effect of rosiglitazone was lost in the presence ofL-NAME, indicating a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Western blotting revealed that rosiglitazone increasedETBRbut decreasedETARlevel in pulmonary arteries from PAH rats.ETBRantagonist A192621 diminished the effect of rosiglitazone on ET-1-induced contraction. These results demonstrated that rosiglitazone attenuated ET-1-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in PAH through differential regulation of the subtypes of ET-1 receptors and, thus, provided a new mechanism for the therapeutic use of PPARγagonists in PAH.

scholarly journals Serum Natriuretic Peptides as Differential Biomarkers Allowing for the Distinction between Physiologic and Pathologic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Dunn ◽  
Thomas G. Manfredi ◽  
Kevin Agostinucci ◽  
Steven K. Engle ◽  
Josh Powe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced

Given the proven utility of natriuretic peptides as serum biomarkers of cardiovascular maladaptation and dysfunction in humans and the high cross-species sequence conservation of atrial natriuretic peptides, natriuretic peptides have the potential to serve as translational biomarkers for the identification of cardiotoxic compounds during multiple phases of drug development. This work evaluated and compared the response of N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in rats during exercise-induced and drug-induced increases in cardiac mass after chronic swimming or daily oral dosing with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 to 10 weeks were assigned to control, active control, swimming, or drug-induced cardiac hypertrophy groups. While the relative heart weights from both the swimming and drug-induced cardiac hypertrophy groups were increased 15% after 28 days of dosing, the serum NT-proANP and NT-proBNP values were only increased in association with cardiac hypertrophy caused by compound administration. Serum natriuretic peptide concentrations did not change in response to adaptive physiologic cardiac hypertrophy induced by a 28-day swimming protocol. These data support the use of natriuretic peptides as fluid biomarkers for the distinction between physiological and drug-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Quantitation of Peroxisome Proliferation using Silver Enhanced Immunogold Labeling on Glycol Methacrylate (GMA) Sections

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1094-1095
Author(s):  
G.D. Gagne ◽  
A.H. Illi ◽  
D. Hickman ◽  
J.A. Fagerland
Keyword(s):  
Protein A ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Peroxisomal Enzyme ◽  
Glycol Methacrylate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Safety Studies

Assessment of peroxisome proliferation is important in drug safety studies, since peroxisome proliferation often precedes tumor development in rodents. Proliferation can be measured morphometrically on sections by immunostaining for the peroxisomal enzyme catalase. Previous studies have used tissue embedded in acrylic resins such as LR White, which requires tissue sizes of 1-2 mm. Glycol methacrylate (GMA) is an acrylic resin that preserves antigenicity in much larger pieces of tissue. In this study we applied immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) to GMA sections for the quantitation of peroxisome proliferation in rat livers.Sprague-Dawley rats were given clofibrate, a known peroxisome proliferator, for 14 days. Livers were removed, fixed in neutral buffered formalin for 4 hours, and embedded in GMA. Sections (3 μm thick) were incubated with antibody to catalase followed by protein A-gold (PAG), and the gold label was amplified using a commercial silver enhancement kit. Tissue sections were counterstained with propidium iodide (PI).

scholarly journals Effects of Gelam Honey (Melaleuca cajuputi) on Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hamzah ◽  
S. A. Aziz ◽  
A. R. Fauzi ◽  
Y. A. Mohd Yusof ◽  
M. Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gelam Honey ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis

Gelam honey has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in animal model. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Gelam honey (Melaleuca cajuputi) on alveolar bone level in experimental periodontitis. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study and randomly divided into four groups: ligated saline (LS), ligated honey (LH), nonligated saline (NLS), and nonligated honey (NLH). Fifteen days after supplementation with Gelam honey (3 g/kg), the rats were sacrificed and alveolar bone level was determined by radiography and histomorphometry. The number of osteoclasts was also calculated for all groups. Both radiographic and histomorphometric analyses showed that alveolar bone resorption was severely induced around the ligated molar in the LS and LH groups. There was no significant difference in alveolar bone level between the LS and LH groups. However, there was a nonsignificant reduction of osteoclast number by 15.2% in LH group compared to LS group. In the NLH group, there was less alveolar bone resorption and the number of osteoclasts was reduced by 13.2% compared to NLS group. In conclusion, systemically supplemented Gelam honey was shown to have the potential of reducing osteoclast activity in the experimental periodontitis rats, even though the effect on alveolar bone level was not well demonstrated and it warrants further research.

scholarly journals Resolvin D1 Reduces the Immunoinflammatory Response of the Rat Eye following Uveitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossi Settimio ◽  
Di Filippo Clara ◽  
Ferraraccio Franca ◽  
Simonelli Francesca ◽  
D'Amico Michele
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Resolvin D1 ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pmn Leukocytes ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

This study investigated whether the administration of resolvin D1 to rats with endotoxininduced uveitis (EIU) ameliorates the immuno-inflammatory profile of the eye. 24 h after the administration of 200 μg LPS into the footpad of Sprague-Dawley rats, severe changes of the structure of the eye occurred concomitantly with a severe inflammatory and immune response. These latter included strong infiltration of PMN leukocytes CD11b+T-lymphocytes CD4+and CD8+within the eye and a significant release of the cytokines/chemokines TNF-alpha, CXCL8, and RANTES too. Bolus of resolvin D1 (RvD1; 10–100–1000 ng/kg in 200 μL of sterile saline via the tail vein) significantly and dose-dependently (i) reduced the development of the ocular derangement caused by LPS; (ii) reduced the clinical score attributed to EIU; (iii) reduced the protein concentration and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in aqueous humor (AqH); and (iv) reduced neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, and cytokines within the eye.

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