scholarly journals The Experience of Being Obese and the Many Consequences of Stigma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Ogden ◽  
Cecelia Clementi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The present qualitative study aimed to explore how people experience their obesity and to explore the impact of this on their motivations to lose weight. Participants () were either currently obese or had been obese and were interviewed about their experiences. Participants described the impact of obesity on aspects of their self-identity and used language such as “ugly”, “freak”, “hate”, “blob”, and “disgust” which reflected the pervasively negative impact of their weight. They highlighted a complex and often contradictory relationship with food and described how such negative experiences were created out of the dynamic between their obesity and a stigmatising social context. Some, however, suggested that such stigma could also have positive consequences by promoting and encouraging behaviour change. Many obese people, therefore, experience their weight in profoundly negative ways as a result of existing within a social context which stigmatises their condition. The results are discussed in terms of the costs and benefits of stigma and a balance between support, tolerance, and collusion in promoting weight loss.

scholarly journals The Need for Shared Nomenclature on Racism and Related Terminology in Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-892
Author(s):  
Angela M. Haeny ◽  
Samantha C. Holmes ◽  
Monnica T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

With the increased desire to engage in antiracist clinical research, there is a need for shared nomenclature on racism and related constructs to help move the science forward. This article breaks down the factors that contributed to the development and maintenance of racism (including racial microaggressions), provides examples of the many forms of racism, and describes the impact of racism for all. Specifically, in the United States, racism is based on race, a social construct that has been used to categorize people on the basis of shared physical and social features with the assumption of a racial hierarchy presumed to delineate inherent differences between groups. Racism is a system of beliefs, practices, and policies that operate to advantage those at the top of the racial hierarchy. Individual factors that contribute to racism include racial prejudices and racial discrimination. Racism can be manifested in multiple forms (e.g., cultural, scientific, social) and is both explicit and implicit. Because of the negative impact of racism on health, understanding racism informs effective approaches for eliminating racial health disparities, including a focus on the social determinants of health. Providing shared nomenclature on racism and related terminology will strengthen clinical research and practice and contribute to building a cumulative science.

scholarly journals Second Life and Academia – Reframing the Debate between Supporters and Critics

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kurt Herold
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Second Life ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Virtual Campus ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The introduction of new ICTs in education is usually discussed in terms of the many benefits new technologies offer, or of the negative impact they might have on the lives of their users. Focusing on the introduction of the 3D online world "Second Life" into higher education, this article shows how such discourses lead to an impasse between the advocates and the critics of new ICTs in education. To break the impasse, and to understand the impact of Second Life, or other ICTs, on education, requires a far more differentiated approach than the discourses around Second Life have shown so far. Based on the experiences of the author in creating a virtual campus for the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Second Life, the article advocates a shift in focus from the discussion of powerful ICTs and their impact on largely passive users, to the study of active individuals, and the ways in which they integrate new ICTs into their pre-existing social and technological practices.

scholarly journals Observing grooming promotes affiliation in Barbary macaques

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1893) ◽  
pp. 20181964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette M. Berthier ◽  
Stuart Semple
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Barbary Macaques ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relaxing Effect

Observing friendly social interactions makes people feel good and, as a result, then act in an affiliative way towards others. Positive visual contagion of this kind is common in humans, but whether it occurs in non-human animals is unknown. We explored the impact on female Barbary macaques of observing grooming, a behaviour that physiological and behavioural studies indicate has a relaxing effect on the animals involved. We compared females' behaviour between two conditions: after observing conspecifics groom, and in a matched control period. We found that observing grooming was associated with reduced behavioural indicators of anxiety, suggesting that seeing others groom is, in itself, relaxing. Observing grooming was also associated with a shorter latency to becoming involved in a grooming bout (and higher likelihood both of initiating that bout and being the groomer rather than groomee), and with elevated rates of other affiliative behaviours. These results provide evidence for positive visual contagion; this phenomenon may contribute fundamentally to group cohesion not just in this species, but also in the many mammal and bird species where grooming occurs. Our study highlights the importance of exploring social behaviour beyond the level of the interacting individuals, within the broader social context where it occurs.

Solubility of Polymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of State ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Solvent Molecule ◽  
Intermolecular Potential ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Polymer Solubility ◽  
Solubility Of Polymers ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Polymer Segment

A great deal of information is known about the solvent character of CO2 with a wide range of polymers and copolymers based on well-characterized and systematic solubility studies that are available in the literature (Kirby and McHugh, 1999). Nevertheless, the prediction of polymer solubility in CO2, or any solvent for that matter, presents a formidable challenge since contemporary equations of state are still not facile enough to describe the unique characteristics of a long-chain polymer in solution. The difficulty resides in accounting for the intra- and intersegmental interactions of the many segments of the polymer connected to a single backbone relative to the small number of segments in a solvent molecule. An additional challenge exists to describe the density dependence of the intermolecular potential functions used in the calculations since SCF–polymer solutions (SCF, supercritical fluid) can be highly compressible mixtures. In this brief review, the solvent character of CO2 is described using the principles of molecular thermodynamics and also using a select number of phase behavior studies to reveal the impact of polymer architecture on solubility. To form a stable polymer–SCF solvent solution at a given temperature and pressure, the Gibbs energy, shown in eq. 7.1, must be negative and at a minimum. . . . ΔGmix = ΔHmix − T ΔSmix (7:1) . . . where ΔHmix and ΔSmix are the change of enthalpy and entropy, respectively, on mixing (Prausnitz et al., 1986). Enthalpic interactions depend predominantly on solution density and on polymer segment–segment, solvent–solvent, and polymer segment–solvent interaction energies. The value of ΔSmix depends on both the combinatorial entropy of mixing and the noncombinatorial contribution associated with the volume change on mixing, a so-called equation-of-state effect (Patterson, 1982). The combinatorial entropy always promotes the mixing of a polymer with a solvent. However, the noncombinatorial contribution can have a negative impact on mixing as a result of monomer–monomer interactions that arise due to the connectivity of the segments in the backbone of the polymer chain.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Child and Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Katriona O’Sullivan ◽  
Serena Clark ◽  
Amy McGrane ◽  
Nicole Rock ◽  
Lydia Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Impact

Mitigating the adverse physical health risks associated with COVID-19 has been a priority of public health incentives. Less attention has been placed on understanding the psychological factors related to the global pandemic, especially among vulnerable populations. This qualitative study sought to understand the experiences of children and adolescents during COVID-19. This study interviewed 48 families during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, and a national lockdown, to understand its impacts. The study used an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology. Parents and children discussed the negative impact of the restrictions on young people’s wellbeing. Children and adolescents experienced adverse mental health effects, including feelings of social isolation, depression, anxiety, and increases in maladaptive behaviour. Families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders reported increased mental health difficulties during this period mostly due to changes to routine. The findings highlight the impact of severe restrictions on vulnerable populations’ wellbeing and mental health outcomes, including children, adolescents, and those with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

scholarly journals Impact of living with a bilateral central vision loss due to geographic atrophy—qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e047861
Author(s):  
Gopinath Madheswaran ◽  
S Ve Ramesh ◽  
Shahina Pardhan ◽  
Raju Sapkota ◽  
Rajiv Raman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Geographic Atrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Central Vision ◽  
Central Vision Loss ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveGeographic atrophy (GA), a type of dry age-related macular degeneration, affects vision as central vision loss (CVL). The challenges faced due to bilateral CVL in activities of daily living and strategies taken to overcome those challenges are not very well understood in the Indian population. This qualitative study aims to understand the impact on everyday life activities and related adaptive and coping strategies in people with long-standing bilateral CVL due to GA in India.Design, participants, setting and methodsA qualitative study using a semistructured face-to-face interview was conducted on 10 people with bilateral CVL after obtaining written informed consent. The interviews were audio-recorded, and were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was carried out to understand the challenges faced and adaptive methods due to the impact of CVL.ResultsTen participants (50% male) with a median age (IQR) of 72 (70, 74) years were interviewed. All the participants had best-corrected visual acuity of ≤6/60 in the better eye and reported an absolute central scotoma with the home Amsler chart. Qualitative thematic analysis identified four main themes: challenges in everyday living (difficulty in face identification, reading), challenges with lifestyle and socialisation (driving, cooking, reading for a longer duration, watching TV, socially inactive), psychological implications (depression, poor self-esteem, fear due to poor vision) and strategies to overcome the challenges (voice identification, technology support).ConclusionGA has a severe negative impact on the quality of life in people with CVL. Inability to recognise faces was the main reason for dependency on others and being socially disconnected. The findings will help clinicians in providing improved rehabilitative care.

The Burden of ADHD in Older Adults: A Qualitative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Michielsen ◽  
J. Th. C. M. de Kruif ◽  
H. C. Comijs ◽  
S. van Mierlo ◽  
E. J. Semeijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Thematic Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Objective: To explore how ADHD may have affected the lives of older adults who meet the diagnostic criteria of ADHD, but are unaware of their diagnosis. Our second aim was to examine whether the reported symptoms change over the life span. Method: A qualitative study was conducted. Seventeen Dutch older people (>65 years) diagnosed in this study with ADHD participated in in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed according to techniques of thematic approach. Results: Seven themes emerged from the analyses. Four themes correspond to ADHD symptoms: “being active,” “being impulsive,” “attention problems,” and “mental restlessness.” In addition, the themes “low self-esteem,” “overstepping boundaries,” and “feeling misunderstood” emerged. The impact of ADHD symptoms seems to have declined with age. Conclusion: ADHD has a negative impact on late life, and older adults with the disorder may benefit from treatment. Moreover, this study’s findings call for early detection and treatment of ADHD in children and adults.

scholarly journals The immune remodel: Weight loss-mediated inflammatory changes to obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Charles L Phillips ◽  
Bernadette E Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is an escalating world problem that contributes to the complexity and cost of treatment of metabolic disorders. Obesity is the result of increased storage of energy in the form of adipose tissue, reducing the quality of daily life, and interfering with longevity. Obesity is also a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disorder. The inflammatory processes affect many organ systems with expanded numbers of immune cells and increased cytokine production. Long-term weight loss is difficult to achieve and maintain. Lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical methods are increasingly utilized to ameliorate excess body weight and the comorbidities of obesity, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and cancers. Weight loss is also touted to reduce inflammation. Here we review the current literature on human obesity-related systemic and local changes to the immune system and circulating inflammatory mediators. Further, we consider the impact of weight loss to reduce the burden of inflammation, bearing in mind the different methods of weight loss—behavioral change vs. surgical intervention. Impact statement As the prevalence and severity of obesity expand, the negative impact of excess adiposity affects every system of the body. Given that obesity is a subversive attack on the immune system, weight loss should improve inflammation locally and systemically. Weight management strategies like dieting, exercise, and bariatric surgery, thus have the opportunity to reduce the burden of inflammation.

scholarly journals Identification of processes that mediate the impact of workplace violence on emergency department healthcare workers in the USA: results from a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e031781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C Vrablik ◽  
Anne K Chipman ◽  
Elizabeth D Rosenman ◽  
Nancy J Simcox ◽  
Ly Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesViolence towards emergency department healthcare workers is pervasive and directly linked to provider wellness, productivity and job satisfaction. This qualitative study aimed to identify the cognitive and behavioural processes impacted by workplace violence to further understand why workplace violence has a variable impact on individual healthcare workers.DesignQualitative interview study using a phenomenological approach to initial content analysis and secondary thematic analysis.SettingThree different emergency departments.ParticipantsWe recruited 23 emergency department healthcare workers who experienced a workplace violence event to participate in an interview conducted within 24 hours of the event. Participants included nurses (n=9; 39%), medical assistants (n=5; 22%), security guards (n=5; 22%), attending physicians (n=2; 9%), advanced practitioners (n=1; 4%) and social workers (n=1; 4%).ResultsFive themes emerged from the data. The first two supported existing reports that workplace violence in healthcare is pervasive and contributes to burn-out in healthcare. Three novel themes emerged from the data related to the objectives of this study: (1) variability in primary cognitive appraisals of workplace violence, (2) variability in secondary cognitive appraisals of workplace violence and (3) reported use of both avoidant and approach coping mechanisms.ConclusionHealthcare workers identified workplace violence as pervasive. Variability in reported cognitive appraisal and coping strategies may partially explain why workplace violence negatively impacts some healthcare workers more than others. These cognitive and behavioural processes could serve as targets for decreasing the negative effect of workplace violence, thereby improving healthcare worker well-being. Further research is needed to develop interventions that mitigate the negative impact of workplace violence.

The power of spirituality

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abid Saleem ◽  
Lynne Eagle ◽  
Asif Yaseen ◽  
David Low
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Perceived Consumer Effectiveness ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Behaviours

Purpose In the wake of growing environmental issues, active public and corporate interventions are inevitable to reduce the negative impact of human activities on global environments. Building on the Norm Activation Model and Value-Belief-Norm Theory, the purpose of this paper is to report on research exploring consumers’ eco-socially conscious behaviours related to the choice and use of personal cars in a developing country, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach To test a moderated-mediation model of environmental values, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), spirituality and eco-socially conscious consumer behaviours (ESCCBs), data were collected from 447 customers of three automobile manufacturing firms from eight different cities of Pakistan. The data collection was undertaken by using a self-administered questionnaire based on key themes in the literature. Findings Analysis of the data revealed that altruistic and egoistic values were negatively while biospheric values were positively associated with eco-ESCCB. PCE mediated all the relationships and spirituality moderated the mediated paths. Originality/value Although there are several models that explain purchase and use of personal cars in isolation or in conjunction with other general pro-environmental behaviours, an explanation of the eco-social aspects of purchase and use of personal cars in one theoretical model is rare to find. Second, among the many theoretical predictors and intervening factors explaining several pro-environmental behaviours, some culture-specific factors have been ignored – spirituality being one of them. This study contributes to the body of knowledge related to pro-environmental behaviours by conceptualising and testing the impact of spirituality in a moderated-mediation model.

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