scholarly journals Interacting Urns Processes for Clustering of Large-Scale Networks of Tiny Artifacts

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 936195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Leone ◽  
Elad M. Schiller
Keyword(s):  
Random Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Random Ratio ◽  
Communication Graphs ◽  
Global Topology ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Colored Ball

We analyze a distributed variation on the Pólya urn process in which a network of tiny artifacts manages the individual urns. Neighboring urns interact by repeatedly adding the same colored ball based on previous random choices. We discover that the process rapidly converges to a definitive random ratio between the colors in every urn. Moreover, the rate of convergence of the process at a given node depends on the global topology of the network. In particular, the same ratio appears for the case of complete communication graphs. Surprisingly, this effortless random process supports useful applications, such as clustering and computation of pseudo-geometric coordinate. We present numerical studies that validate our theoretical predictions.

scholarly journals Time-resolved connectome of the five-factor model of personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Passamonti ◽  
R. Riccelli ◽  
I. Indovina ◽  
A. Duggento ◽  
A. Terracciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The human brain is characterized by highly dynamic patterns of functional connectivity. However, it is unknown whether this time-variant ‘connectome’ is related to the individual differences in the behavioural and cognitive traits described in the five-factor model of personality. To answer this question, inter-network time-variant connectivity was computed in n = 818 healthy people via a dynamical conditional correlation model. Next, network dynamicity was quantified throughout an ad-hoc measure (T-index) and the generalizability of the multi-variate associations between personality traits and network dynamicity was assessed using a train/test split approach. Conscientiousness, reflecting enhanced cognitive and emotional control, was the sole trait linked to stationary connectivity across several circuits such as the default mode and prefronto-parietal network. The stationarity in the ‘communication’ across large-scale networks offers a mechanistic description of the capacity of conscientious people to ‘protect’ non-immediate goals against interference over-time. This study informs future research aiming at developing more realistic models of the brain dynamics mediating personality differences.

Free bending fatique of axially pre-loaded spiral strands

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Raoof
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Neutral Axis ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Beam Bending ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Free Bending

The response of a large diameter and a multi-layered spiral strand to an applied moment is considered in some detail for a given mean axial load. Carefully conducted large-scale experiments have cast some light on an interesting phenomenon observed in previously reported bending fatigue experiments The first wire to fail was invariably the wire which entered the socket on the bending neutral axis rather than the wires in the ‘extreme fibre’ positions, as might usually be expected. Using a series of electrical resistance strain gauges placed on the individual wires at the mouth of the socket, the previously reported theoretical predictions that interwire slippage is greatest at the neutral axis (in terms of simple beam bending theory), and least at the extreme fibre positions, have been confirmed. In line with the theoretical predictions reported elsewhere, the test results show that, in general, the onset of deviations from no-slip interlayer shear interaction occurs at rather small levels of bending movements near the socket. Based on the theoretical and experimental findings, which identify interlayer fretting as the primary cause of wire fractures, a newly developed parameter capable of predicting spiral strand free bending fatigue life has been proposed. Unlike the traditional extreme fibre maximum direct stress approaches, the proposed parameter takes the interwire/interlayer fretting phenomenon into account.

scholarly journals Hardware Design for Autonomous Bayesian Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafatul Faria ◽  
Jan Kaiser ◽  
Kerem Y. Camsari ◽  
Supriyo Datta
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Probabilistic Circuits ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Individual

Directed acyclic graphs or Bayesian networks that are popular in many AI-related sectors for probabilistic inference and causal reasoning can be mapped to probabilistic circuits built out of probabilistic bits (p-bits), analogous to binary stochastic neurons of stochastic artificial neural networks. In order to satisfy standard statistical results, individual p-bits not only need to be updated sequentially but also in order from the parent to the child nodes, necessitating the use of sequencers in software implementations. In this article, we first use SPICE simulations to show that an autonomous hardware Bayesian network can operate correctly without any clocks or sequencers, but only if the individual p-bits are appropriately designed. We then present a simple behavioral model of the autonomous hardware illustrating the essential characteristics needed for correct sequencer-free operation. This model is also benchmarked against SPICE simulations and can be used to simulate large-scale networks. Our results could be useful in the design of hardware accelerators that use energy-efficient building blocks suited for low-level implementations of Bayesian networks. The autonomous massively parallel operation of our proposed stochastic hardware has biological relevance since neural dynamics in brain is also stochastic and autonomous by nature.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIC INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS APPLIED IN RANDOM AND SCALE-FREE NETWORKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Christofer Roque Ribeiro SILVA ◽  
Alexandre Celestino Leite ALMEIDA ◽  
Rodrigo Tomás Nogueira CARDOSO ◽  
Ricardo Hiroshi Caldeira TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Individual Based Models ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Individual

This work proposes a version of the Individual-Based Model (IBM) that converges, on average, to the result of the SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model, and studies the effect of this IBM in two types of networks: random and scale-free. A numerical computational case study is considered, using large scale networks implemented by an efficient framework. Statistical tests are performed to show the similarities and differences between the network models and the deterministic model taken as a baseline. Simulation results verify that different network topologies alter the behavior of the epidemic propagation in the following aspects: temporal evolution, basal reproducibility and the number of infected in the final.

scholarly journals Short-term modulation of the lesioned language network

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Hartwigsen ◽  
Anika Stockert ◽  
Louise Charpentier ◽  
Max Wawrzyniak ◽  
Julian Klingbeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Network

Language is sustained by large-scale networks in the human brain. Stroke often severely affects function and network dynamics. However, the adaptive potential of the brain to compensate for lesions is poorly understood. A key question is whether upregulation of the right hemisphere is adaptive for language recovery. Targeting the potential for short-term reorganization in the lesioned brain, we applied 'virtual lesions' over left anterior or posterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in post-stroke patients with left temporo-parietal lesions prior to functional neuroimaging. Perturbation of the posterior IFG selectively delayed phonological decisions and decreased phonological activity. The individual response delay was correlated with the upregulation of the lesion homologue, likely reflecting compensation. Moreover, stronger individual tract integrity of the right superior longitudinal fascicle was associated with lesser disruption. Our results provide evidence for functional and structural underpinnings of plasticity in the lesioned language network, and a compensatory role of the right hemisphere.

Models, Practices and Methods of Reading: Evolution in Time and Space

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Yulia P. Melentyeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Program ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Individual

In recent years as public in general and specialist have been showing big interest to the matters of reading. According to discussion and launch of the “Support and Development of Reading National Program”, many Russian libraries are organizing the large-scale events like marathons, lecture cycles, bibliographic trainings etc. which should draw attention of different social groups to reading. The individual forms of attraction to reading are used much rare. To author’s mind the main reason of such an issue has to be the lack of information about forms and methods of attraction to reading.

scholarly journals Contribution of Ionotropic Glutamatergic Receptors to Excitability and Attentional Signals in Macaque Frontal Eye Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Dasilva ◽  
Christian Brandt ◽  
Marc Alwin Gieselmann ◽  
Claudia Distler ◽  
Alexander Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Large Scale Networks

Abstract Top-down attention, controlled by frontal cortical areas, is a key component of cognitive operations. How different neurotransmitters and neuromodulators flexibly change the cellular and network interactions with attention demands remains poorly understood. While acetylcholine and dopamine are critically involved, glutamatergic receptors have been proposed to play important roles. To understand their contribution to attentional signals, we investigated how ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in the frontal eye field (FEF) of male macaques contribute to neuronal excitability and attentional control signals in different cell types. Broad-spiking and narrow-spiking cells both required N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor activation for normal excitability, thereby affecting ongoing or stimulus-driven activity. However, attentional control signals were not dependent on either glutamatergic receptor type in broad- or narrow-spiking cells. A further subdivision of cell types into different functional types using cluster-analysis based on spike waveforms and spiking characteristics did not change the conclusions. This can be explained by a model where local blockade of specific ionotropic receptors is compensated by cell embedding in large-scale networks. It sets the glutamatergic system apart from the cholinergic system in FEF and demonstrates that a reduction in excitability is not sufficient to induce a reduction in attentional control signals.

scholarly journals How does the position of firms in the supply chain affect their performance? An empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Arora ◽  
Alexandra Brintrup
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Focal Firm ◽  
Cooperative Competition ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between a firm and its supply chain has been well studied, however, the association between the position of firms in complex supply chain networks and their performance has not been adequately investigated. This is primarily due to insufficient availability of empirical data on large-scale networks. To addresses this gap in the literature, we investigate the relationship between embeddedness patterns of individual firms in a supply network and their performance using empirical data from the automotive industry. In this study, we devise three measures that characterize the embeddedness of individual firms in a supply network. These are namely: centrality, tier position, and triads. Our findings caution us that centrality impacts individual performance through a diminishing returns relationship. The second measure, tier position, allows us to investigate the concept of tiers in supply networks because we find that as networks emerge, the boundaries between tiers become unclear. Performance of suppliers degrade as they move away from the focal firm (i.e., Toyota). The final measure, triads, investigates the effect of buying and selling to firms that supply the same customer, portraying the level of competition and cooperation in a supplier’s network. We find that increased coopetition (i.e., cooperative competition) is a performance enhancer, however, excessive complexity resulting from being involved in both upstream and downstream coopetition results in diminishing performance. These original insights help understand the drivers of firm performance from a network perspective and provide a basis for further research.

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