scholarly journals Toxicity of Volatile Methylated Species of Bismuth, Arsenic, Tin, and Mercury in Mammalian CellsIn Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dopp ◽  
U. von Recklinghausen ◽  
J. Hippler ◽  
R. A. Diaz-Bone ◽  
J. Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Low Toxicity

The biochemical transformation of mercury, tin, arsenic and bismuth through formation of volatile alkylated species performs a fundamental role in determining the environmental processing of these elements. While the toxicity of inorganic forms of most of these compounds are well documented (e.g., arsenic, mercury) and some of them are of relatively low toxicity (e.g., tin, bismuth), the more lipid-soluble organometals can be highly toxic. In the present study we investigated the cyto- and genotoxicity of five volatile metal(loid) compounds: trimethylbismuth, dimethylarsenic iodide, trimethylarsine, tetramethyltin, and dimethylmercury. As far as we know, this is the first study investigating the toxicity of volatile metal(loid) compoundsin vitro. Our results showed that dimethylmercury was most toxic to all three used cell lines (CHO-9 cells, CaCo, Hep-G2) followed by dimethylarsenic iodide. Tetramethyltin was the least toxic compound; however, the toxicity was also dependend upon the cell type. Human colon cells (CaCo) were most susceptible to the toxicity of the volatile compounds compared to the other cell lines. We conclude from our study that volatile metal(loid) compounds can be toxic to mammalian cells already at very low concentrations but the toxicity depends upon the metal(loid) species and the exposed cell type.

Hepatoma Cell Cultures as In Vitro Models for the Hepatotoxicity of Xenobiotics

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Margherita Ferro ◽  
Anna Maria Bassi ◽  
Giorgio Nanni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
Dose Dependent

Two hepatoma cell cultures were examined as in vitro models to be used in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests without the addition of bioactivating enzymes. The MH1C1, and HTC hepatoma lines were used in this study to establish their sensitivity to a number of xenobiotics, namely, cyclophosphamide (CP), the classical positive control in bioactivation tests; benzaldehyde (BA), a short-chain aldehyde; and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major toxic end-product of the peroxidative degradation of cell membrane lipids. As a first approach, we compared the following cytotoxicity tests: release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and colony formation efficiency (CF). Colony-forming cells were exposed to the drugs according to different procedures, before or after the anchorage phase. The leakage of LDH into the medium following exposure of both cell lines to HNE, CP and BA for up to 24 hours was found not to be a good index of cytotoxicity. A better indicator of cytotoxicity was CF, as evaluated by exposure of the cells 24 hours after seeding. The effects were detectable at very low concentrations, corresponding to 10, 90 and 100μM for HNE, CP and BA, respectively. The impairment of CF efficiency was dose-dependent and time-dependent, and several differences between the two cell lines were observed.

scholarly journals Poly-L-ornithine-mediated transformation of mammalian cells.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2286-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
V C Bond ◽  
B Wold
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Recipient Mouse ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Selectable Marker Genes

Poly-L-ornithine has been used to introduce DNA and RNA into mammalian cells in culture. Ornithine-mediated DNA transfer has several interesting and potentially useful properties. The procedure is technically straightforward and is easily applied to either small or large numbers of recipient cells. The efficiency of transformation is high. Under optimal conditions, 1 to 2% of recipient mouse L cells take up and continue to express selectable marker genes. DNA content of transformants can be varied reproducibly, yielding cells with just one or two copies of the new gene under one set of conditions, while under a different set of conditions 25 to 50 copies are acquired. Cotransformation and expression of physically unlinked genes occur at high efficiency under conditions favoring multiple-copy transfer. Polyornithine promotes gene transfer into cell lines other than L cells. These include Friend erythroleukemia cells and NIH 3T3 cells. Both are transformed about 1 order of magnitude more efficiently by this procedure than by standard calcium phosphate products. However, the method does not abolish the large transformation efficiency differences between these cell lines that have been observed previously by other techniques. (vi) mRNA synthesized in vitro was also introduced into cells by this method. The RNA was translated resulting in a transient accumulation of the protein product.

In vitro antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer cell lines of representative 4-thiazolidinones. Part I

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 3930-3933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Ottanà ◽  
Stefania Carotti ◽  
Rosanna Maccari ◽  
Ida Landini ◽  
Giuseppa Chiricosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Colon Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Colon Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Human colon cells: culture and in vitro transformation

Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 224 (4656) ◽  
pp. 1445-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moyer ◽  
J. Aust
Keyword(s):  
Human Colon ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
In Vitro Transformation

scholarly journals IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM VIBURNUM PUNCTATUM BUCH-HAM EX D. DON

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
A. Renjith Alex ◽  
K. Ilango
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Human Colon Cancer Cells

Objective: The main aim of the study was to screen the isolated compounds of Viburnum Punctatum for its in vitro anticancer activity and its percentage viability against HCT 15 (Human Colon Cancer Cells) Cell lines.Methods: Pet ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Aqueous extracts was prepared and assayed for the presence of phytochemicals. Two compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Viburnum Punctatum by column chromatography such as ME1 (Quercetin) and ME2 (Kaemferol-3-glycoside) characterised by UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The above isolated compounds were subjected to in vitro anticancer activity on HCT 15 cell lines was evaluated by Micro culture Tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Results: ME1 showed significant cytotoxic activity than the ME2 on HCT 15 cells with a percentage viability of 54.60 and 67.18 in the concentration of 10µg/ml and 50µg/ml respectively.Conclusion: On the basis of obtained results, ME1 and ME2 isolated from a methanolic extract of Viburnum Punctatum represent a new group of cytotoxic against HCT 15 Cell lines.

scholarly journals RPNs Levels are Prognostic and Diagnostic Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangyang zheng ◽  
Yuling Zheng ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Yongxu Zhou ◽  
Liang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Regulatory Subunits ◽  
Hcc Cells

Abstract Background: Ribophorin family (RPNs) are important regulatory subunits of the proteasome. By influencing Ubiquitin-proteasome system activity, RPNs are responsible for almost all processes of physiology and pathology of mammalian cells. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of RPNs in HCC.Methods: In this work, using the online databases Oncomine, UCSC, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, UALCAN, cBioPortal, TIMER2, GeneMANIA,and STRING, we first evaluated the expression, diagnostic, prognostic, genetic alteration, immunity, gene network, and functional enrichment of RPNs in HCC. QPCR and western blot were used to detect RPN6 and RPN9 expressions in HCC tissues and cell lines. Then we performed studies to eveulated their functions in HCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Results: All RPNs were surprisingly consistently upregulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, RPNs expression pattern is correlated with HCC tumor grade. RPN2, RPN3, RPN6, RPN9, RPN10, RPN11, and RPN12 have robust values in HCC diagnose. Then, survival analysis revealed that high expression of RPN1, RPN2, RPN4, RPN5, RPN6, RPN9, and RPN11were correlated with unfavorable HCC overall survival. Functional enrichment for RPNs, indicated that RPNs have many potential biosynthesis activities expert for UPS functions. Western blot, and qRT-PCR further verified these results in HCC tissues and cell lines. The silencing of RPN6 and RPN9 significantly influenced HCC cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.Conclusions: RPN families functions as an important oncogene in HCC. RPN6 and RPN9 have the potential to be potential biomarkers and targets for HCC.

scholarly journals Pattern of pyruvate kinase isozymes in erythroleukemia cell lines and in normal human erythroblasts

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Max-Audit ◽  
U Testa ◽  
D Kechemir ◽  
M Titeux ◽  
W Vainchenker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Erythroleukemia Cell ◽  
Erythroleukemic Cell ◽  
High Level

To further investigate the erythroid nature of the two human erythroleukemia cell lines, K562 and HEL-60, and to define the ontogeny of pyruvate kinase (PK) isozymes (R, M2) in developing human erythroid cells, we have studied the isozymic alterations, if any, during differentiation of these cell lines in vitro and normoblasts isolated from fetal liver in vivo. PK activity of erythroleukemic cell lines was intermediate between that observed in leukocytes and in fetal liver erythroblasts. These cell lines contained a high level of M2-PK, but R- PK was always present, albeit at low concentrations, in all the clones or subclones we studied. Erythroblasts from fetal liver were separated according to density on a Stractan gradient. R-PK levels were nearly constant in the different fractions, whereas M2-PK levels markedly decreased as the erythroblasts became mature and almost completely disappeared in late erythroid cells. Thus, these results clearly demonstrate the erythroid origin of these cell lines.

scholarly journals Development and Application of TK6-derived Cells Expressing Human Cytochrome P450s for Genotoxicity Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xilin Li ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Xiaoqing Guo ◽  
Qiangen Wu ◽  
Ji-Eun Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Cytochrome P450s ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Established Cell Line ◽  
Micronucleus Formation ◽  
Tk6 Cells ◽  
Genotoxicity Testing

Abstract Metabolism plays a key role in chemical genotoxicity; however, most mammalian cells used for in vitro genotoxicity testing lack effective metabolizing enzymes. We recently developed a battery of TK6-derived cell lines that individually overexpress 1 of 8 cytochrome P450s (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4) using a lentiviral expression system. The increased expression and metabolic function of each individual CYP in each established cell line were confirmed using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry analysis; the parental TK6 cells and empty vector (EV) transduced cells had negligible CYP levels. Subsequently, we evaluated these cell lines using 2 prototypical polyaromatic hydrocarbon mutagens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), that require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity. DMBA-induced cytotoxicity, phosphorylation of histone H2A.X, and micronucleus formation were significantly increased in TK6 cells with CYP1A1, 1B1, 2B6, and 2C19 expression as compared with EV controls. B[a]P significantly increased cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and chromosomal damage in TK6 cells overexpressing CYP1A1 and 1B1 when compared with EV controls. B[a]P also induced micronucleus formation in TK6 cells expressing CYP1A2. These results suggest that our CYP-expressing TK6 cell system can be used to detect the genotoxicity of compounds requiring metabolic transformation.

Avenanthramides Inhibit Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Guo ◽  
Lin Nie ◽  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Mitchell L. Wise ◽  
F. William Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Colon Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Colon Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Attachment of Salmonella to mammalian cells in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1731-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Mintz ◽  
Dean O. Cliver ◽  
R. H. Deibel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Tissue Culture Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cell Line ◽  
Hela Cell Lines ◽  
High Concentrations

The attachment of Salmonella typhimurium strain PHL67342 to several mammalian tissue culture cell lines was investigated. Strain PHL67342 failed to attach in significant numbers to the Buffalo green monkey (BGM), swine testicular (ST), and HeLa cell lines. Significant attachment was observed with the Henle intestinal cell line. Log-phase cells of strain PHL67342 attached in greatest numbers to the Henle cells after 45 min of incubation at 37 °C. Attachment to the Henle cells was not affected by D-mannose or D-galactose, but was markedly inhibited by high concentrations of alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. Also, Salmonella lipopolysaccharide had no effect on the attachment of strain PHL67342 to the Henle cells. Fimbriae were not detected on the bacterial cells used in the adherence experiments. These results suggest that some bacterial factor(s) other than fimbriae and lipopolysaccharide mediate the attachment of strain PHL67342 to the Henle cells.

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