scholarly journals Improved Metabolic Control in Diabetes, HSP60, and Proinflammatory Mediators

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Blasi ◽  
Eunjung Kim ◽  
Anne A. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

The diabetes-atherosclerosis relationship remains to be fully defined. Repeated prolonged hyperglycemia, increased ROS production and endothelial dysfunction are important factors. One theory is that increased blood levels of heat shock protein (HSP)60 are proinflammatory, through activation of innate immunity, and contribute to the progression of vascular disease. It was hypothesized that improvement of diabetes control in patients presenting with metabolic syndrome would lower HSP60, and anti-HSP60 antibody levels and decrease inflammatory markers. Paired sera of 17 Italian patients, before and after intensive treatment, were assayed for cytokines, HSP60 and anti-HSP60 antibodies. As expected, intensive treatment was associated with a decrease in HgbA1C (P<0.001) and BMI (P<0.001). After treatment, there was a significant decrease in IL-6 (P<0.05). HSP60 levels were before treatment−6.9+1.9, after treatment−7.1+2.0 ng/mL (P=ns). Overall HSP60 concentrations were lower than published reports. Anti-HSP60 antibody titers were high and did not decrease with treatment. In conclusion, improvement of diabetic control did not alter HSP60 concentrations or antiHSP60 antibody titers, but led to a reduction of IL-6 levels.

scholarly journals Antibody titers before and after booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Demonbreun ◽  
Amelia Sancillo ◽  
Lauren A Vaught ◽  
Nina L Reiser ◽  
Lorenzo Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Antibody Levels

Two-dose messenger RNA vaccines (BNT162b2/Pfizer and mRNA-1273/Moderna) against SARS-CoV-2 were rolled out in the US in December 2020, and provide protection against hospitalization and death from COVID-19 for at least six months. Breakthrough infections have increased with waning immunity and the spread of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in summer 2021, prompting approval of boosters for all adults over 18. We measured anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and surrogate virus neutralization of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor, before and after boosters in N=33 healthy adults. We document large antibody responses 6-10 days after booster, with antibody levels that exceed levels documented after natural infection with COVID-19, after two doses of vaccine, or after both natural infection and vaccination. Surrogate neutralization of B.1.617.2 is high but reduced in comparison with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. These data support the use of boosters to prevent breakthrough infections and suggest that antibody-mediated immunity may last longer than after the second vaccine dose.

Efficacy of different doses of aspirin in decreasing blood levels of inflammatory markers in patients with cardiovascular metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1505-1510
Author(s):  
Xiu-ren Gao ◽  
Chandar M. Adhikari ◽  
Long-yun Peng ◽  
Xiao-gang Guo ◽  
Yuan-sheng Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Different Doses

scholarly journals High Anti-Leishmania IgG Antibody Levels Are Associated With Severity of Mucosal Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Mônica F. de Lima ◽  
Andrea S. Magalhães ◽  
Rúbia Costa ◽  
Carolina C. Barreto ◽  
Paulo R. L. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Mucosal Leishmaniasis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Nasal Pyramid ◽  
Antibody Levels

BackgroundMucosal leishmaniasis (ML), the most inflammatory form of tegumentary leishmaniasis, is predominantly caused by Leishmania braziliensis. The disease is characterized by the development of lesions, mainly in the nasal mucosa. An exacerbated inflammatory response has been associated with the presence of destructive and disfiguring lesions, with stages of severity ranging from small nodulations to the complete destruction of the nasal pyramid architecture. As Leishmania is an intracellular parasite, most immunological studies have emphasized the cell-mediated immune response, while relatively few studies aimed to investigate the role antibodies in protection against, or the pathology of ML.MethodsPatients with a confirmed diagnosis of ML were classified according to clinical staging criteria. Serum levels of Leishmania-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were determined by ELISA before and after treatment with antimony or antimony plus pentoxifylline.ResultsPatients in stages IV and V produced higher concentrations of IgG and IgG1 antibodies when compared to those in stage I and II. Significant reductions were seen in the concentrations of IgG and IgG2 antibodies in most patients who responded well to treatment.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate an association between IgG antibody titers and the severity of mucosal disease. The observed reduction in antibody production after successful treatment in most patients preliminarily indicates that these tests can be used to aid in the assessment of therapeutic response.

scholarly journals Use of Outpatient-Derived COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19 Patients Before Seroconversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver F. Wirz ◽  
Katharina Röltgen ◽  
Bryan A. Stevens ◽  
Suchitra Pandey ◽  
Malaya K. Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

BackgroundTransfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) containing high titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies serves as therapy for COVID-19 patients. Transfusions early during disease course was found to be beneficial. Lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic could inform early responses to future pandemics and may continue to be relevant in lower resource settings. We sought to identify factors correlating to high antibody titers in convalescent plasma donors and understand the magnitude and pharmacokinetic time course of both transfused antibody titers and the endogenous antibody titers in transfused recipients.MethodsPlasma samples were collected up to 174 days after convalescence from 93 CCP donors with mild disease, and from 16 COVID-19 patients before and after transfusion. Using ELISA, anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD, S1, and N-protein antibodies, as well as capacity of antibodies to block ACE2 from binding to RBD was measured in an in vitro assay. As an estimate for viral load, viral RNA and N-protein plasma levels were assessed in COVID-19 patients.ResultsAnti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and RBD-ACE2 blocking capacity were highest within the first 60 days after symptom resolution and markedly decreased after 120 days. Highest antibody titers were found in CCP donors that experienced fever. Effect of transfused CCP was detectable in COVID-19 patients who received high-titer CCP and had not seroconverted at the time of transfusion. Decrease in viral RNA was seen in two of these patients.ConclusionOur results suggest that high titer CCP should be collected within 60 days after recovery from donors with past fever. The much lower titers conferred by transfused antibodies compared to endogenous production in the patient underscore the importance of providing CCP prior to endogenous seroconversion.

scholarly journals Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in women with low-grade C-reactive protein elevation

2003 ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Matsubara ◽  
K Namioka ◽  
S Katayose
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome X ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hs Crp

OBJECTIVE: Inflammation has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, while some components of metabolic syndrome X have been related to inflammatory markers. We hypothesized that adipocyte secreting protein, adiponectin and leptin, for which have been demonstrated an association with metabolic syndrome X and coronary artery disease, may be associated with inflammatory markers in nondiabetic humans. DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as an inflammatory marker, and adiponectin and leptin concentrations in 384 nondiabetic Japanese women (mean+/-s.e.m. age 53.6+/-0.8 Years, body mass index (BMI) 23.0+/-0.2 kg/m(2)) undergoing measurement of markers of metabolic syndrome X. RESULTS: The women who had a low-grade hs-CRP elevation (>2.0 mg/l) were significantly older and had higher BMI, body fat mass (BFM), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), atherogenic index (AI=(TC-HDLC)/HDLC), where HDLC is high-density lipoproten-cholesterol), fasting blood glucose and leptin concentrations before and after adjustment for BMI or BFM, while lower HDLC and adiponectin concentrations before and after adjustment compared with women with normal CRP levels (<0.5 mg/l). BMI, BFM, TG, AI and leptin before and after adjustment were found to be correlated with hs-CRP levels, while HDLC and adiponectin before and after adjustment were inversely correlated (all P<0.0001). hs-CRP was independently associated with white blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen and AI and inversely with adiponectin/BFM in the stepwise regression analysis model. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a significant decrease in plasma adiponectin in low-grade chronic inflammation, and suggest that there is an important linkage between inflammation/adipose tIssue/atherosclerosis.

Efficacy of different doses of aspirin in decreasing blood levels of inflammatory markers in patients with cardiovascular metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1505-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-ren Gao ◽  
Chandar M. Adhikari ◽  
Long-yun Peng ◽  
Xiao-gang Guo ◽  
Yuan-sheng Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Different Doses

Prevalence and Induction of Circulating Antibodies against Recombinant Staphylokinase

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (01) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Declerck ◽  
S Vanderschueren ◽  
J Billiet ◽  
H Moreau ◽  
D Collen
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Antibody Levels

SummaryStreptokinase (SK) is a routinely used thrombolytic agent but it is immunogenic and allergenic; staphylokinase (STA) is a potential alternative agent which is under early clinical evaluation. The comparative prevalence of antibodies against recombinant STA (STAR) and against SK was studied in healthy subjects and their induction with intravenous administration in small groups of patients.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, using microtiter plates coated with STAR or SK and calibration with affinospecific human antibodies, revealed 2.1 to 65 μg/ml (median 11 μg/ml) anti-STAR antibodies and 0.9 to 370 μg/ml (median 18 μg/ml) anti-SK antibodies (p <0.001 vs anti-STAR antibodies) in plasma from 100 blood donors, with corresponding values of 0.6 to 100 μg/ml (median 7.1 μg/ml) and 0.4 to 120 μg/ml (median 7.3 μg/ml), respectively, in 104 patients with angina pectoris. Three out of 17 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia had significantly increased anti-STAR antibody levels (150, 75 and 75 μg/ml), and STAR neutralizing activities (2.2, 3.6 and 4.1 μg STAR neutralized per ml plasma, respectively). In 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction, given 10 mg STAR intravenously over 30 min, median anti-STAR antibody levels were 3.5 μg/ml at baseline, 2.9 μg/ml at 6 to 8 days and 1.2 μg/ml at 2 to 9 weeks, with median corresponding titers of STAR neutralizing activity at 2 to 9 weeks of 42 μg/ml plasma. Conversely, in 5 patients treated with 1,500,000 units SK over 60 min, median anti-SK antibodies increased from 2.9 μg/ml at baseline to 360 μg/ml at 5 to 10 days, with corresponding median SK neutralizing activities of 13 μg/ml. Antibodies against STAR did not cross-react with SK and vice versa.Plasma from human subjects contains low levels of circulating antibodies against recombinant staphylokinase, and intravenous administration of this compound boosts antibody titers. These antibodies do however not cross-react with streptokinase, whereby the use of these two immunogenic thrombolytic agents would not be mutually exclusive.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Clara Depommier ◽  
Rosa Maria Vitale ◽  
Fabio Arturo Iannotti ◽  
Cristoforo Silvestri ◽  
Nicolas Flamand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Palmitoyl Glycerol

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We hypothesize that PPARα activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.

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