scholarly journals Role of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Stem Cell Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Aksoy ◽  
Feride Severcan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Monitoring Methods

Recent researches have mainly displayed the significant role of stem cells in tissue renewal and homeostasis with their unique capacity to develop different cell types. These findings have clarified the importance of stem cells to improve the effectiveness of any cell therapy for regenerative medicine. Identification of purity and differentiation stages of stem cells are the greatest challenges of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The existing methods to carefully monitor and characterize the stem cells have some unwanted effects on the properties of stem cells, and these methods also do not provide real-time information about cellular conditions. These challenges enforce the usage of nondestructive, rapid, sensitive, high quality, label-free, cheep, and innovative chemical monitoring methods. In this context, vibrational spectroscopy provides promissing alternative to get new information into the field of stem cell biology for chemical analysis, quantification, and imaging of stem cells. Raman and infrared spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a new complimentary spectroscopic approaches to gain new insight into stem cell reseaches for future therapeutic and regenerative medicines. In this paper, recent developments in applications of vibrational spectroscopy techniques for stem cell characterization and identification are presented.

Realistic Prospects for Stem Cell Therapeutics

Hematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 398-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Q. Daley ◽  
Margaret A. Goodell ◽  
Evan Y. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Studies of the regenerating hematopoietic system have led to the definition of many of the fundamental principles of stem cell biology. Therapies based on a range of tissue stem cells have been widely touted as a new treatment modality, presaging an emerging new specialty called regenerative medicine that promises to harness stem cells from embryonic and somatic sources to provide replacement cell therapies for genetic, malignant, and degenerative conditions. Insights borne from stem cell biology also portend development of protein and small molecule therapeutics that act on endogenous stem cells to promote repair and regeneration. Much of the newfound enthusiasm for regenerative medicine stems from the hope that advances in the laboratory will be followed soon thereafter by breakthrough treatments in the clinic. But how does one sort through the hype to judge the true promise? Are stem cell biologists and the media building expectations that cannot be met? Which diseases can be treated, and when can we expect success? In this review, we outline the realms of investigation that are capturing the most attention, and consider the current state of scientific understanding and controversy regarding the properties of embryonic and somatic (adult) stem cells. Our objective is to provide a framework for appreciating the promise while at the same time understanding the challenges behind translating fundamental stem cell biology into novel clinical therapies.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles: Evolving Factors in Stem Cell Biology

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Farah Fatima ◽  
Krishna C. Vallabhaneni ◽  
Patrice Penfornis ◽  
Hadi Valadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Bidirectional Communication

Stem cells are proposed to continuously secrete trophic factors that potentially serve as mediators of autocrine and paracrine activities, associated with reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment, tissue regeneration, and repair. Hitherto, significant efforts have been made to understand the level of underlying paracrine activities influenced by stem cell secreted trophic factors, as little is known about these interactions. Recent findings, however, elucidate this role by reporting the effects of stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that mimic the phenotypes of the cells from which they originate. Exchange of genetic information utilizing persistent bidirectional communication mediated by stem cell-EVs could regulate stemness, self-renewal, and differentiation in stem cells and their subpopulations. This review therefore discusses stem cell-EVs as evolving communication factors in stem cell biology, focusing on how they regulate cell fates by inducing persistent and prolonged genetic reprogramming of resident cells in a paracrine fashion. In addition, we address the role of stem cell-secreted vesicles in shaping the tumor microenvironment and immunomodulation and in their ability to stimulate endogenous repair processes during tissue damage. Collectively, these functions ensure an enormous potential for future therapies.

The Role of Nucleophosmin In Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the Pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ito ◽  
Paolo Sportoletti ◽  
John G Clohessy ◽  
Grisendi Silvia ◽  
Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Abstract 95 Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is an incurable stem cell disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and an increased risk of leukemia transformation. Nucleophosmin (NPM) is directly implicated in primitive hematopoiesis, the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies and more recently of MDS. However, little is known regarding the molecular role and function of NPM in MDS pathogenesis and in stem cell biology. Here we present data demonstrating that NPM plays a critical role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the transformation of MDS into leukemia. NPM is located on chromosome 5q and is frequently lost in therapy-related and de novo MDS. We have previously shown that Npm1 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in the hematopoietic compartment and Npm1+/− mice develop a hematologic syndrome with features of human MDS, including increased susceptibility to leukemogenesis. As HSCs have been demonstrated to be the target of the primary neoplastic event in MDS, a functional analysis of the HSC compartment is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms in MDS pathogenesis. However, the role of NPM in adult hematopoiesis remains largely unknown as Npm1-deficiency leads to embryonic lethality. To investigate NPM function in adult hematopoiesis, we have generated conditional knockout mice of Npm1, using the Cre-loxP system. Analysis of Npm1 conditional mutants crossed with Mx1-Cre transgenic mice reveals that Npm1 plays a crucial role in adult hematopoiesis and ablation of Npm1 in adult HSCs leads to aberrant cycling and followed by apoptosis. Analysis of cell cycle status revealed that HSCs are impaired in their ability to maintain quiescence after Npm1-deletion and are rapidly depleted in vivo as well as in vitro. Competitive reconstitution assay revealed that Npm1 acts cell-autonomously to maintain HSCs. Conditional inactivation of Npm1 leads to an MDS phenotype including a profoundly impaired ability to differentiate into cells of the erythroid lineage, megakaryocyte dyspoiesis and centrosome amplification. Furthermore, Npm1 loss evokes a p53-dependent response and Npm1-deleted HSCs undergo apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Strikingly, transfer of the Npm1 mutation into a p53-null background rescued the apoptosis of Npm1-ablated HSCs and resulted in accelerated transformation to an aggressive and lethal form of acute myeloid leukemia. Our findings highlight the crucial role of NPM in stem cell biology and identify a new mechanism by which MDS can progress to leukemia. This has important therapeutic implications for de novo MDS as well as therapy-related MDS, which is known to rapidly evolve to leukemia with frequent loss or mutation of TRP53. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

FEATURES

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Safety Testing

The clinical application of stem cells in hematopoietic disease. Use of pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated products in pharmacological drug discovery and safety testing. Messages from the nucleus: Insights into Aging. inStem: The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.

scholarly journals Future perspective of induced pluripotent stem cells for diagnosis, drug screening and treatment of human diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (07) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qizhou Lian ◽  
Yenyen Chow ◽  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
Duanqing Pei ◽  
Hung-Fat Tse
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Ips Cell ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

SummaryRecent advances in stem cell biology have transformed the understanding of cell physiology and developmental biology such that it can now play a more prominent role in the clinical application of stem cell and regenerative medicine. Success in the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) as well as related emerging technology on the iPS platform provide great promise in the development of regenerative medicine. Human iPS cells show almost identical properties to human embryonic stem cells (ESC) in pluripotency, but avoid many of their limitations of use. In addition, investigations into reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells facilitate a deeper understanding of human stem cell biology. The iPS cell technology has offered a unique platform for studying the pathogenesis of human disease, pharmacological and toxicological testing, and cell-based therapy. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain to be overcome before the promise of human iPS cell technology can be realised.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Special Issue

The special issue “Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine” was enthusiastically released by the editorial board of European Journal of Histochemistry on 2020. The fusion of these two topics reflected the hope and potential that advances in regenerative medicine would be the promising outcomes of the basic and translational research collected in this special issue. This issue is dedicated to identifying priories in stem cell biology and capturing the cutting-edge thinking in stem-cell based regenerative medicine

Stem cells and regenerative medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Alexis J. Joannides ◽  
Bhuvaneish T. Selvaraj ◽  
Siddharthan Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

There is a great and unmet need for treatments that will deliver restorative solutions to patients with diseases hitherto considered irreparable. Advances in human pluripotent stem cell biology and gene-editing technology offer unprecedented opportunities for both drug discovery and translational therapies that will likely herald a new chapter of regenerative and personalized medicine. Consideration of three major target conditions for regenerative medicine—Parkinson’s disease, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus—emphasizes distinct and common challenges that must be overcome in order to realize the stem cell promise. Novel approaches to induce pluripotency from differentiated somatic cells and targeted genetic manipulation of stem cell populations, along with new insights derived from improved understanding of human pluripotent stem cell biology and increased recognition of endogenous stem cells, offers a range of mechanisms through which stem cells may be therapeutic.

T1150 Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Cancer Stem Cell Biology and Effect of COX-2 Inhibitors in Anti-Cancer Therapy Targeting Cancer Stem Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-499
Author(s):  
Masahiko Tsujii ◽  
Jumpei Kondo ◽  
Tomofumi Akasaka ◽  
Ying Jin ◽  
Yoshito Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

The Role of Mitochondria in Stem Cell Biology

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Nesti ◽  
Livia Pasquali ◽  
Francesca Vaglini ◽  
Gabriele Siciliano ◽  
Luigi Murri
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Mitochondrial Metabolism ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Dna Mutations

This mini-review summarizes the current literature on the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial metabolism in stem cell biology. The possible uses of stem cells as a therapeutic tool in mitochondrial disorders are also reported.

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