scholarly journals CT Scans in Young People in Great Britain: Temporal and Descriptive Patterns, 1993–2002

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Pearce ◽  
Jane A. Salotti ◽  
Nicola L. Howe ◽  
Kieran McHugh ◽  
Kwang Pyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Young People ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Radiology Information Systems ◽  
The North

Background. Although using computed tomography (CT) can be greatly beneficial, the associated relatively high radiation doses have led to growing concerns in relation to potential associations with risk of future cancer. Very little has been published regarding the trends of CT use in young people. Therefore, our objective was to assess temporal and other patterns in CT usage among patients aged under 22 years in Great Britain from 1993 to 2002.Methods. Electronic data were obtained from the Radiology Information Systems of 81 hospital trusts within Great Britain. All included patients were aged under 22 years and examined using CT between 1993 and 2002, with accessible radiology records.Results. The number of CT examinations doubled over the study period. While increases in numbers of recorded examinations were seen across all age groups, the greatest increases were in the older patients, most notably those aged 15–19 years of age. Sixty percent of CT examinations were of the head, with the percentages varying with calendar year and patient age.Conclusions. In contrast to previous data from the North of England, the doubling of CT use was not accompanied by an increase in numbers of multiple examinations to the same individual.

scholarly journals Reduction in radiation doses from paediatric CT scans in Great Britain

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (1060) ◽  
pp. 20150305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choonsik Lee ◽  
Mark S Pearce ◽  
Jane A Salotti ◽  
Richard W Harbron ◽  
Mark P Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Radiation Doses

Idiopathic Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis in Older Patients: Characteristics in the Disease Course and Implication of Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Etiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsu Kwon ◽  
Mi Rye Bae ◽  
Yoon Se Lee ◽  
Jong-Lyel Roh ◽  
Seung-Ho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis (IUVFP) in elderly versus younger patients, including the diagnostic yield of computed tomography (CT) scans for identifying the structural causes of IUVFP. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of the patients initially diagnosed with IUVFP in a single referral tertiary hospital. We compared patients’ baseline characteristics, initial symptoms, laryngoscopic findings, and prevalence of structural causes on CT scans with respect to age (younger, <65 years vs older, ⩾65 years). Results: One hundred forty-two patients were enrolled (90 younger, 52 older). Evident structural causes were more frequently found on CT in older patients than younger patients (40.4% vs 22.2%, P = .034). Among truly idiopathic cases (70 younger, 31 older), recovered vocal fold mobility was identified in 48.6% younger and 41.9% older patients ( P = .666). There was no statistically significant difference in the characteristics between unrecovered and recovered subjects of the older patients with true IUVFP (all P > .05). Conclusions: The CT scans provided significantly higher diagnostic yields in older patients than younger patients. The degrees of symptoms and complications and likelihood of natural recovery did not significantly differ between younger and older patients with IUVFP.

scholarly journals The Influence of Mesenteric Defects Closure on the Use of Computed Tomography for Abdominal Pain 5 Years After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass—a Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demir Amanda ◽  
Påhlson Elin ◽  
Norrman Eva ◽  
Erik Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Total Radiation Dose ◽  
Mesenteric Defects ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background Abdominal pain after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a common and unwanted complication that typically leads to further exploration through radiology. Concerns have been raised regarding the consequences of this radiation exposure and its correlation with the lifetime risk of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in computed tomography (CT) use between LRYGB patients with open and closed mesenteric defects and to assess the radiological findings and radiation doses. Methods This subgroup analysis included 300 patients randomized to either closure (n = 150) or nonclosure (n = 150) of mesenteric defects during LRYGB. The total number of CT scans performed due to abdominal pain in the first 5 postoperative years was recorded together with the radiological findings and radiation doses. Results A total of 132 patients (44%) underwent 281 abdominal CT scans, including 133 scans for 67 patients with open mesenteric defects (45%) and 148 scans for 65 patients with closed mesenteric defects (43%). Radiological findings consistent with small bowel obstruction or internal hernia were found in 31 (23%) of the scans for patients with open defects and in 18 (12%) of the scans for patients with closed defects (p = 0.014). The other pathological and radiological findings were infrequent and not significantly different between groups. At the 5-year follow-up, the total radiation dose was 82,400 mGy cm in the nonclosure group and 85,800 mGy cm in the closure group. Conclusion Closure of mesenteric defects did not influence the use of CT to assess abdominal pain. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Diagnostic reference levels for paediatric computed tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakariya Vawda ◽  
Richard Pitcher ◽  
John Akudugu ◽  
Willem Groenewald
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Head Ct ◽  
Institutional Review

Objectives: To establish local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for emergency paediatric head computed tomography (CT) scans performed at a South African (SA) tertiary-level hospital and to compare these with published data.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of volume-based CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) data from uncontrasted paediatric head CT scans performed in the Trauma and Emergency Unit of a tertiary-level SA hospital from January to June 2013. A random sample of 30 patients in each of 3 age groups (0–2, >2–5 and >5–10 years) was used. LDRL values were compared with several national DRLs from Europe and Australia. Results: Mean CTDIvol and DLP values were: 30 mGy and 488 mGy.cm for the 0–2 years age group; 31 mGy and 508 mGy.cm for the >2–5 years group, and 32 mGy and 563 mGy.cm for the >5–10 years group, respectively. The mean DLP for 0–2 year-olds was the only parameter outside the range of corresponding published reference data. Stratification into narrower age groupings showed an increase in DLP values with age. Conclusion: An institutional review of the head CT scanning technique for emergency studies performed on children less than 2 years of age is recommended. The current study highlights the role of LDRLs in establishing institutional dosimetry baselines, in refining local imaging practice, and in enhancing patient safety. Standard age stratification for DRL and LDRL reporting is recommended.

scholarly journals Measurement of psoas muscle size using existing computed tomography to predict patient outcomes in emergency departments

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Receiver Operating

Sarcopenia is a major physical factor of frailty and can be predicted by existing patient computed tomography (CT) scans. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between prognosis of elderly patients visiting the emergency department and psoas muscle size measurements from CT scans that were acquired in other purpose. This was a retrospective study in a single center. The psoas muscle size (cross-section) and attenuation at the L3 vertebra were measured on CT scans. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between mortality and muscle size and muscle attenuation after adjustment of basic characteristics. Also, we constructed receiver operating characteristic curves. A total of 279 patients were enrolled with diagnoses categorized from 13 chapters from on International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10). There were 56 patients (20.1%) admitted to the ICU, and 51 patients (18.3%) died in the hospital during the clinical process. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of muscle size for prediction of ICU admission was 0.706 (0.649–0.759), and the cut-off value was 390.18 with 51.8%sensitivity and 87.9% specificity. The AUROC of muscle size for prediction of death was 0.904 (0.864–0.936), and the cut-off value was 587.41 with 92.2% sensitivity and 78.5% specificity. Using existing CT can be an appropriate method for an early diagnosis of sarcopenia in older patients. In this study, measurement of muscle size using CT was shown to be a feasible modality for predicting poor prognoses for older patients.

scholarly journals P1-491 Socio-economic variation in the use of ct scans in young people in the North of England, 1990-2002

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A202-A203
Author(s):  
M. Pearce ◽  
J. Salotti ◽  
K. McHugh ◽  
K. P. Kim ◽  
A. Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
The North

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

Students’ Attitudes Towards Starting a Business, on the Example of Students at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów (Poland)

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Karolina Palimąka ◽  
Jacek Rodzinka
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The University ◽  
Starting A Business

AbstractEntrepreneurship understood as a manifestation of economic activity is an issue widely discussed in literature, especially in the field of economics. Today, a large part of society is involved in establishing and running a business, hence the shaping of entrepreneurial behaviors gains importance among all age groups, especially young people. The main objective of the conducted research was to examine the interest in starting their own business by students and to verify whether the direction of their studies or role in the group affects the students’ willingness to start a business and whether a family member runs a business influences this interest and moreover, whether capital and the idea are the two main criteria conditioning the decision.. The conclusions were based on a study, i.e. (mainly) the cross-analysis of data collected as part of a survey conducted among students of the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów.

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1472
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kobus ◽  
Jolanta Małyszko ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Common Cause

Introduction: In the elderly, impairment of kidney function occurs. Renal diseases overlap with anatomic and functional changes related to age-related involutionary processes. Mortality among patients with acute renal injury is approximately 50%, despite advances in treatment and diagnosis of AKI. The aim: To assess the incidence of acute kidney injury in elderly patients and to analyze the causes of acute renal failure depending on age. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis included medical documentation of patients hospitalized in the Nephrology Clinic during the 6-month period. During this period 452 patients were hospitalized in the clinic. A group of 77 patients with acute renal failure as a reason for hospitalization was included in the study. Results: The prerenal form was the most common cause of AKI in both age groups. In both age groups, the most common cause was dehydration; in the group of patients up to 65 years of age, dehydration was 29.17%; in the group of people over 65 years - 43.39%. Renal replacement therapy in patients with AKI was used in 14.29% of patients. In the group of patients up to 65 years of age hemodialysis was 16.67% and above 65 years of age. -13.21% of patients. The average creatinine level in the group of younger patients at admission was 5.16 ± 3.71 mg / dl, in the group of older patients 3.14 ± 1.63 mg / dl. The size of glomerular filtration GFR in the group of younger patients at admission was 21.14 ± 19.54 ml / min, in the group of older patients 23.34 ± 13.33 ml / min. Conclusions: The main cause of acute kidney injury regardless of the age group was dehydration. Due to the high percentage of AKI in the elderly, this group requires more preventive action, not only in the hospital but also at home.

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BONE STRUCTURES ON CT-SCANS OF PATIENTS WITH SINONASAL INVERTED PAPILLOMAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-595
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Naumenko ◽  
Kseniya Sapova ◽  
Oleg Konoplev ◽  
Svetlana Astashchenko ◽  
Igor Chernushevich
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Inverted Papilloma ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Precise Localization ◽  
Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma ◽  
Bone Structures ◽  
Inverted Papillomas

Precise localization and excision of the originating site of a sinonasal inverted papilloma is essential for decreasing tumor recurrence. In this study we evaluated the use of preoperative computed tomography (CT) to pinpoint the attachment/origi-nating sites of the tumor.

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