scholarly journals Pervasive Smart Spaces and Environments: A Service-Oriented Middleware Architecture for Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 725190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel S. Familiar ◽  
José F. Martínez ◽  
Lourdes López
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Smart Spaces ◽  
Dynamic Composition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Impact

In the twenty-first century, the impact of wireless and ubiquitous technologies is changing the way people perceive and interact with the physical world. These communication paradigms promise to change and redefine, in a reasonably short period of time, the most common way of our everyday living. The continuous advances in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks and their direct application in Smart Spaces are clear examples of it. However, in order for this kind of new generation infrastructures to have a large-scale dissemination, there are still some open issues to tackle. In this way, this paper presents nSOM, a service-oriented framework based on sensor network design that provides internetworking services with the Internet cloud. This lightweight middleware architecture implements an agent-based virtual sensor service approach which is a compact semantic knowledge management scheme based on a dynamic composition model.

Modelling Self-Led Trust Value Management in Grid and Service Oriented Infrastructures

2012 ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Antony Brown ◽  
Paul Sant ◽  
Nik Bessis ◽  
Tim French ◽  
Carsten Maple
Keyword(s):  
Trust Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Collaborative Environment ◽  
Service Oriented

Current developments in grid and service oriented technologies involve fluid and dynamic, ad hoc based interactions between delegates, which in turn, serves to challenge conventional centralised structured trust and security assurance approaches. Delegates ranging from individuals to large-scale VO (Virtual Organisations) require the establishment of trust across all parties as a prerequisite for trusted and meaningful e-collaboration. In this paper, a notable obstacle, namely how such delegates (modelled as nodes) operating within complex collaborative environment spaces can best evaluate in context to optimally and dynamically select the most trustworthy ad hoc based resource/service for e-consumption. A number of aggregated service case scenarios are herein employed in order to consider the manner in which virtual consumers and provider ad hoc based communities converge. In this paper, the authors take the view that the use of graph-theoretic modelling naturally leads to a self-led trust management decision based approach in which delegates are continuously informed of relevant up-to-date trust levels. This will lead to an increased confidence level, which trustful service delegation can occur. The key notion is of a self-led trust model that is suited to an inherently low latency, decentralised trust security paradigm.

scholarly journals Risk of large-scale fires in boreal forests of Finland under changing climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lehtonen ◽  
A. Venäläinen ◽  
M. Kämäräinen ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
H. Gregow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Projected Change ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
Model Variability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The target of this work was to assess the impact of projected climate change on forest-fire activity in Finland with special emphasis on large-scale fires. In addition, we were particularly interested to examine the inter-model variability of the projected change of fire danger. For this purpose, we utilized fire statistics covering the period 1996–2014 and consisting of almost 20 000 forest fires, as well as daily meteorological data from five global climate models under representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The model data were statistically downscaled onto a high-resolution grid using the quantile-mapping method before performing the analysis. In examining the relationship between weather and fire danger, we applied the Canadian fire weather index (FWI) system. Our results suggest that the number of large forest fires may double or even triple during the present century. This would increase the risk that some of the fires could develop into real conflagrations which have become almost extinct in Finland due to active and efficient fire suppression. However, the results reveal substantial inter-model variability in the rate of the projected increase of forest-fire danger, emphasizing the large uncertainty related to the climate change signal in fire activity. We moreover showed that the majority of large fires in Finland occur within a relatively short period in May and June due to human activities and that FWI correlates poorer with the fire activity during this time of year than later in summer when lightning is a more important cause of fires.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Crowd Tasking Apps on Resuscitation Success

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Simone Wurster ◽  
Michael Klafft ◽  
Frank Fiedrich ◽  
Andreas Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The Impact

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is among the three most prominent causes of death in industrialized nations. Therefore, experts are calling for solutions, including IT-systems to mobilize volunteers. SCA emergencies require immediate action and advanced first aid skills. As of today, emergency services are often unable to arrive at the victim in time, and laypeople on the scene frequently fail to conduct resuscitation properly. One approach to solve this problem is to rely on skilled volunteers, who are alerted by smartphone apps. Among others, German researchers are currently developing a crisis response system with a crowd tasking app. It aims to help reduce the effects of large-scale events, but also of ad-hoc incidents including SCA. This paper describes an approach to determine the potential of the system to increase the survival rate of SCA illustrated based upon data from Germany. Its concept was analyzed by experts and benefited from their feedback.

Re-habitation and changes in the genetic diversity of aquatic insects in a newly restored shoal type habitat created as the result of a nature restoration project in the central basin of the Chikuma-gawa River

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-392
Author(s):  
RIE SAITO ◽  
KAZUKI SEKINÉ ◽  
KOJI TOJO
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Nature Restoration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

The channels of almost all rivers in Japan have been fixed through the construction of artificial riverbanks to control flooding. In addition, to prevent flooding, maintenance works including the removal of gravel from the channels must be conducted regularly. As a result, the level of most riverbeds within river channels has been lowered, and riverbanks have become far steeper. These large changes to riverside environments have significantly altered the type of habitats available to plants, causing the level of vegetation growth on the riverside to increase. To improve such flood control methods, a new excavation project has commenced in the central area of the Chikuma-gawa River basin, under the auspices of the newly commissioned “Government Nature Restoration Project”. As part of this project, a large shallow environment approximately 1 km in length along the river’s course was newly created. We have attempted to evaluate the impact of this project and the subsequent environmental response, focusing on two dominant benthos, Stenopsyche marmorata and Isonychia japonica, particularly the dynamics of their genetic structure and diversity. Following the excavation of riverbanks and channels, the population density reached the same levels as at the control site, in a relatively short period of time. This is because the research site was limited to a small area within the large-scale river basin, with robust habitats located both upstream and downstream. The two target species in this study represent typical dominant species in the central basin of this river, and occur at high density. In other words, they could be transferred smoothly from the surrounding robust habitats, especially by the flow from upstream.

scholarly journals Does magnetic field impact tidal dynamics inside the convective zone of low-mass stars along their evolution?

2019 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. A111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Astoul ◽  
S. Mathis ◽  
C. Baruteau ◽  
F. Gallet ◽  
A. Strugarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Convective Envelope ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tidal Flows ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Impact

Context. The dissipation of the kinetic energy of wave-like tidal flows within the convective envelope of low-mass stars is one of the key physical mechanisms that shapes the orbital and rotational dynamics of short-period exoplanetary systems. Although low-mass stars are magnetically active objects, the question of how the star’s magnetic field impacts large-scale tidal flows and the excitation, propagation and dissipation of tidal waves still remains open. Aims. Our goal is to investigate the impact of stellar magnetism on the forcing of tidal waves, and their propagation and dissipation in the convective envelope of low-mass stars as they evolve. Methods. We have estimated the amplitude of the magnetic contribution to the forcing and dissipation of tidally induced magneto-inertial waves throughout the structural and rotational evolution of low-mass stars (from M to F-type). For this purpose, we have used detailed grids of rotating stellar models computed with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. The amplitude of dynamo-generated magnetic fields is estimated via physical scaling laws at the base and the top of the convective envelope. Results. We find that the large-scale magnetic field of the star has little influence on the excitation of tidal waves in the case of nearly-circular orbits and coplanar hot-Jupiter planetary systems, but that it has a major impact on the way waves are dissipated. Our results therefore indicate that a full magneto-hydrodynamical treatment of the propagation and dissipation of tidal waves is needed to properly assess the impact of star-planet tidal interactions throughout the evolutionary history of low-mass stars hosting short-period massive planets.

On the impact of temperature on path selection for wireless ad-hoc sensor networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1116-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng Tseng ◽  
Hwang-Cheng Wang ◽  
Fang-Chang Kuo ◽  
Kuo-Chang Ting ◽  
Bing-En Xie
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Ad Hoc Sensor Networks ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Hybrid Position-Based and DTN Forwarding for Vehicular Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 186146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Xiumei Fan ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Set Up

Efficient data delivery in vehicular sensor networks is still a challenging research issue. Position-based routing protocols have been proven to be more suitable for dynamic vehicular networks or large-scale mobile sensor networks than traditional ad hoc routing protocols. However, position-based routing assumes that intermediate nodes can always be found to set up an end-to-end connection between the source and the destination; otherwise, it suffers from network partitions which are very common in vehicular networks and leads to poor performances. This paper addresses data delivery challenge in the possible intermittently connected vehicular sensor networks by combining position-based forwarding strategy with store-carry-forward routing scheme from delay tolerant networks. The proposed routing method makes use of vehicle driving direction to determine whether holding or forwarding the packet. Experimental results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms existing position-based solutions in terms of packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Labrador Sea freshening linked to Beaufort Gyre freshwater release

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxu Zhang ◽  
Wilbert Weijer ◽  
Michael Steele ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Tarun Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Beaufort Gyre ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Freshwater Release ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Beaufort Gyre (BG), the largest Arctic Ocean freshwater reservoir, has drastically increased its liquid freshwater content by 40% in the past two decades. If released within a short period, the excess freshwater could potentially impact the large-scale ocean circulation by freshening the upper subpolar North Atlantic. Here, we track BG-sourced freshwater using passive tracers in a global ocean sea-ice model and show that this freshwater exited the Arctic mostly through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, rather than Fram Strait, during an historical release event in 1983–1995. The Labrador Sea is the most affected region in the subpolar North Atlantic, with a freshening of 0.2 psu on the western shelves and 0.4 psu in the Labrador Current. Given that the present BG freshwater content anomaly is twice the historical analog studied here, the impact of a future rapid release on Labrador Sea salinity could be significant, easily exceeding similar fluxes from Greenland meltwater.

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