scholarly journals The Triglyceride to HDL Ratio and Its Relationship to Insulin Resistance in Pre- and Postpubertal Children: Observation from the Wausau SCHOOL Project

Cholesterol ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Olson ◽  
Bryan Hendricks ◽  
David K. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
School Project ◽  
Ldl Size ◽  
The Mean

Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and diabetes and raises the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio in adults, but is not well defined in children. Purpose. To investigate the TG/HDL ratios in children as an IR marker. Methods. Wausau SCHOOL Project assessed 99 prepubertal and 118 postpubertal children. The TG/HDL ratio was correlated with numerous risk factors. Results. TG/HDL ratio was significantly correlated with QUICKI, HOMA-IR, zBMI, waist-to hip ratio, systolic and diastolic BP, LDL size and LDL number. A group of 32 IR children (HOMA-IR > 1 SD from the mean, i.e., >2.45) had significantly higher TG/HDL (3.11 ± 1.77) compared to non-IR children (1.86 ± 0.75). A TG/HDL ratio of ≥2.0 identified 32 of the 40 children deemed IR by HOMA-IR (>2.45) with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.66. Children with TG/HDL ratio ≥3 were heavier and had higher BP, glucose, HOMA-IR, LDL number, and lower HDL level, QUICKI, and LDL size, regardless of pubertal status. Conclusion. The TG/HDL ratio is strongly associated with IR in children, and with higher BMI, waist hip ratio, BP, and more athrogenic lipid profile.

scholarly journals ST segment elevation and depression, and T-wave changes as electrophysiological signs of metabolic disorders with lipid and non-lipid risk factors for ischemic heart disease in the 25–44-year-old population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
N. A. Kuzminykh ◽  
L. V. Shcherbakova ◽  
V. S. Shramko ◽  
D. V. Denisova ◽  
Yu. I. Ragino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
T Wave ◽  
St Segment ◽  
St Elevation

Aim. To study the associations of electrophysiological signs of metabolic disorders with lipid and non-lipid risk factors in the urban 25–44-year-old population.Methods. A population survey (random sample) of Novosibirsk residents aged 25–44 years (656 men, 783 women) was conducted. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. Systolic / diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, presence of arterial hypertension, and smoking status were evaluated. The following electrocardiographic markers of metabolic disturbances were analyzed: baseline non-ischemic ST elevation depression >0.5 mm, baseline ST elevation >0.5 mm, and T-wave changes (flattening, amplitude reduction, inversion).Results. ST segment depression was detected in 4.2% of subjects (5.8% women, 2.4% men (p = 0.001)). ST segment elevation was detected in 28.5% of subjects (17.5% women, 41.6% men (p<0.001)). T-wave changes were detected in 18.9% of subjects (14.2% women, 24.5% men (p<0.001)). It was noted that men with elevated LDL-C levels and hypertension were more likely to have ST segment depression (1.4 and 1.9 times, respectively) than men without these abnormalities. In the general population, people with elevated LDL-C levels were 1.2 times more likely to have ST segment depression. Among men with ST segment elevation the concentration of LDL-C in the blood was 1.06 times higher than in men without ST segment elevation. People with a higher body mass index were 1.15 and 1.3 times more likely to have a T-wave change (in the general and female population, respectively). In the general population with T-wave changes, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure level were 1.02 and 1.02 times higher, respectively.Conclusion. ST segment elevation and depression, and T-wave changes are associated with lipid and non-lipid risk factors for ischemic heart disease. The data obtained indicate a potentiating effect of metabolic disorders in the body on the development of risk factors for ischemic heart disease and metabolic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia as an Independent Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease. Comparison with Conventional Risk Factors

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Muzaffar ◽  
M. A. Khan ◽  
M. H. Mushtaq ◽  
M. Nasir ◽  
A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conventional Risk Factors

Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the strength of association of raised plasma homocysteine concentration as a risk factor for coronary heart disease independent of conventional risk factor. It was a case control study conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. A total of 210 subjects aged 25 to 60 years comprising of 105 newly admitted patients of CHD as cases and 105 age and sex matched healthy individuals with no history of CHD as control were recruited for the study. Fasting blood samples were obtained from cases and controls. Plasma homocysteine was analyzed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method on automated immunoassay analyzer (Abbott IMX). Total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol were analyzed using calorimetric kit methods. The concentration of LDL cholesterol was calculated using Friedewald formula. The patients were also assessed for traditional risk factors such as age, sex, family history of CVD, hypertension, smoking and physical activity, and were compared with control subjects. The collected data was entered in SPSS version 24 for analysis and interpretation.The mean age in controls and experimental groups were 43.00± 8.42 years and 44.72± 8.59 years with statistically same distribution (p- value= 0.144). The mean plasma homocysteine for cases was 22.33± 9.22 µmol/L where as it was 12.59±3.73 µmol/L in control group. Highly significant difference was seen between the mean plasma level of homocysteine in cases and controls (p˂0.001).Simple logistic regression indicates a strong association of coronary heart disease with hyperhomocysteinemia (OR 7.45), which remained significantly associated with coronary heart disease by multivariate logistic regression (OR 7.10, 95%C1 3.12-12.83, p=0.000). The present study concludes that elevated levels of Plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease independent of conventional risk factors and can be used as an indicator for predicting the future possibility for the onset of CVD.

scholarly journals Behavioural risk factors associated with ischemic heart disease among population attending selected cardiac hospitals of Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Sangita Shrestha ◽  
Shova Laxmi Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Factors Associated

Background and Aims: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality among the in-patient of different cardiac hospital of developing countries like Nepal. The prevalence of IHD is high with significant associated risk factors that include tobacco use, history of hypertension, family history and age. Though IHD can cause life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, yet it is preventable disease. The objective of the study was to study the risk factors associated with ischemic heart diseases among population attending selected cardiac hospitals of Kathmandu.Methods: Hospital- based pair matched case-control was conducted among the patients with IHD at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre (MCTVC) and Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center (SGNHC). Non- random purposive sampling technique was applied and sample size was calculated as 105 (35 cases and 70 controls). Case and control were matched with age (Å} 2 years) and sex from the same hospitals. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional review board, Institute of medicine. Informed consent was obtained prior to information collection, after explaining about the purpose of the study to the entire participants. Only interested participants were included in the study. Confidentiality of the subject was ensured by collecting data in separate private room. Univariate associations between the risk factors and IHD under study was assessed by applying Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test and expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. To assess the strength of association, the odds ratio was calculated.Results: 88.6% cases and 90% controls participants were of age 41 years and above and IHD was more common in male (60%) than female (40%). The participants who were not doing work-related moderate-intense activity are twice more likely to have IHD compared to controls (OR=2.276, p=0.049), similarly, hypertensive are two times (OR=2.276, p=0.049), obese are more than two times (OR=2.44, p=0.045), and participants with high waist to hip ratio are almost three times more likely to suffer from IHD (OR=2.88, p=0.013).Conclusions: The current smoking, physical inactivity, hypertension and waist to hip ratio tend to be the significant risk factors of IHD. Minimizing exposure to the identified risk factors can prevent burden of complex and expensive IHD treatment.

Abstract 16831: Effect of a Virtual Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Functional Capacity and Risk Factor Modification in Veterans With Ischemic Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Harzand ◽  
Alexander A Vakili ◽  
Michelle Davis-Watts ◽  
Rene Nazar ◽  
Phyllis Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Home Based

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive lifestyle change program proven to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and improve quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease but remains highly underutilized (<20% of eligible patients) due to the inconvenience and cost of attending a facility-based program. We evaluated the efficacy of a home-based, virtual CR program using mobile health (mHealth) in veterans with coronary artery disease (CAD) on improving functional capacity, CVD risk factors, and depressive symptoms. Methods: We enrolled 196 Veterans with a qualifying CR diagnosis between May 2016 and April 2020. All participants underwent baseline functional evaluation with a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), followed by a 12-week home-based, virtual CR program delivered via the Movn smartphone app (Movn by Moving Analytics). The Movn app featured daily alerts to exercise, a digital diary to record activity and vital signs, and connectivity with a health coach who remotely monitored participants through an integrated dashboard and scheduled weekly phone visits. We compared the risk factor profile pre-intervention versus post-intervention with paired t-tests. Results: Among enrolled Veterans, the mean (SD) age was 61 (9) years, 95% were male, and 50% were black. A majority (63%) completed the full 12-week virtual CR program including an exit visit. Participants completed an average of 10.4 ± 1.9 (range 3–13) phone visits with the coach. There were concurrent improvements in 6MWT distance (443.9 vs. 481.9 meters; mean difference [MD], 38 meters; 95% CI, 26.6 – 50.8, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (80 vs. 69 mg/dL, MD, -10.9; 95% CI, -17.9 to -3.9, P=0.003), body mass index (31.1 vs 30.8; MD, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.06; P=0.001), and PHQ-9 depression scores (7.4 vs. 6; MD, -1.4, 95% CI, -2.4 to -0.44; P=0.005) among program completers. Conclusions: Among veterans with ischemic heart disease, a virtual CR program results in moderate improvements in functional capacity, CVD risk factors, and mood. The durability of these effects and whether virtual CR improves longer-term outcomes such as readmissions, survival, and cost remain to be determined.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF THE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES IN INDONESIA: A DATA ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA BASIC HEALTH RESEARCH (RISKESDAS) 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Tati Suryati ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Basic Health

Background: The Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is leading in the world as a number one cause of death.  Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) part of CVDs which is often also called coronary artery disease.Objective: The purpose this study is to know the risk factors for ischemic heart disease in Indonesia, 2013.Methods: The risk assessment analyzes was used to exam the risk factor IHD around 721,427 people from data of Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2013 in Indonesia.Results: The finding of this study was former smoker (Adj. OR= 4.09, 95% C.I=3.78-4.43), hypertension (Adj. OR= 3.80, 95% C.I=3.60-4.10), obesity (Adj. OR= 1.96, 95% C.I=1.84-2.08), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (Adj. OR= 0.70, 95% C.I=0.57-0.87), and low physical activity (Adj. OR= 1.14, 95% C.I=1.06-1.23) are risk factor of IHD in Indonesia, 2013.Conclusion: The central, regional, and even village level special attention have a need for reducing IHD. Cross-program and sector collaboration are also needed collaboration with NGOs and the private sector to control risk factors outside the health sector and improve the environment.

scholarly journals Arterial Thrombotic Complications Are Uncommon in Patients without Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Occur at Equivalent Rates in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Patients Treated with Imatinib and Nilotinib

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1811-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Hekmatjou ◽  
Gail J. Roboz ◽  
Ellen K. Ritchie ◽  
Sangmin Lee ◽  
Pinkal Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prior Risk

Abstract Arterial thrombosis (AT), including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD), have been observed in several studies of CML patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI’s), most often in patients treated with ponatinib. Reports of AT in patients treated with other TKI’s are based on anecdotal observations and/or studies with relatively short follow-up times and limited data on underlying risk factors. From 1999 to 2014, 408 patients with CML were seen at Weill-Cornell/New York Presbyterian Hospital. Of these, a cohort of 224 patients in chronic phase received ongoing therapy with TKI’s with continuous clinical observation with a median follow-up of 7 years (range 1-15 years). There were 124 (55.4%) men and 100 (44.6%) women with a median age of 52 years (range 21-75 years). Initial therapy with a TKI occurred in 86% whereas 14% had received prior therapy with interferon-alpha and 2% had a prior allogeneic transplant. The initial TKI therapy was imatinib in 82%, nilotinib in 14% and dasatinib in 4%. 49% of patients were treated with only 1 TKI, 21% with 2 TKI’s and 30% with > 2 TKI’s. Over the course of therapy, overall 82% of patients were exposed to imatinib, 33.9% to nilotinib, 25% to dasatinib and 2.2% to ponatinib. Information on pre-treatment cardiovascular risk factors which included; a history of a prior AT, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and smoking, were available on all patients. Prior AT occurred in 7.5%; 25% had 1 risk factor and 20.6% had 2 or more risk factors. Overall AT was observed in 7.1% (95% CI = 3.8%, 10.5%) of all patients and there were no deaths associated with AT. Ischemic heart disease occurred in 4.9%, a stroke in 0.4% and PAOD in 1.8%. The median time from start of TKI therapy to development of AT was 7 years (range 4-14). The median age of patients who developed AT was 68 years (range 47-80). AT occurred predominantly in patients with pre-existing risk factors; the incidence was 14.6% in patients with prior risk factors whereas only 1.6% of patients without risk factors developed this complication (p<0.0001). In 16 /224 patients, 17 AT’s occurred; 10 while on treatment with imatinib, 5 on nilotinib, 1 on dasatinib and 2 on ponatinib. By overall TKI exposure, AT occurred in 5.4 % of patients exposed to imatinib 6.6% exposed to nilotinib and 1.8% exposed to dasatinib (p=not significant). Apart from ponatinib, neither the initial TKI used, the overall exposure or length of exposure to TKI’s, or the number of TKI’s administered were associated with an increased risk of AT. These data would suggest that the development of AT is uncommon in patients without prior risk factors and occurs with equal frequency in patients exposed to either imatinib or nilotinib. Additional data are needed to conclusively determine whether treatment with a TKI (excluding ponatinib) is an independent risk factor for the development of AT in CML patients. Importantly, identification of the mechanism(s) associated with TKI-related AT in CML patients are needed to plan preventive measures, particularly in patients with preexisting risk factors. Disclosures Roboz: Novartis: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Glaxo SmithKline: Consultancy; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy; Sunesis: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Teva Oncology: Consultancy; Astex: Consultancy. Allen-Bard:Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Feldman:Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Ariad: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

Psoriasis as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Chun Lai ◽  
Yik Weng Yew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Heart

Background: Psoriasis is known to be associated with metabolic syndrome, a well-established risk factor for ischemic heart disease and stroke. Emerging evidence indicates that psoriasis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Objective: To evaluate whether psoriasis is independently associated with myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic heart disease (MI, angina pectoris, or coronary heart disease), and stroke, we conducted a cross-sectional study using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Methods: Data on clinical history of psoriasis, MI, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and stroke from the questionnaire as well as laboratory parameters on serum lipid and uric acid levels in the cycle years 2003-2006 and 2009-2012 were analyzed. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression modelling was performed with the aforementioned cardiovascular events or stroke as the dependent variables and with risk factors such as age, gender, ethnic group, current smoking status, alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome, hyperuricemia, and psoriasis as independent variables. Results: There were 520 cases of psoriasis, and 108 of them had metabolic syndrome (20.8%). Well-established cardiovascular risk factors such as age, gender, ethnic group, smoking, alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome, and hyperuricemia were also found to have significant associations with MI and ischemic heart disease (all P values <.001). Psoriatic patients were at significantly higher risks of developing MI (odds ratio [OR] 2.24; 95% CI: 1.27-3.95; P = .005) and ischemic heart disease (OR 1.90; 95% CI: 1.18-3.05; P = .008), but not stroke (OR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.48-2.16; P = .744), after adjustment was made for major cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: This study provides epidemiological evidence that psoriasis may be independently associated with the development of MI and ischemic heart disease. Physicians should be cognizant of any underlying cardiovascular risk factors, especially among psoriatic patients with metabolic syndrome, and manage them according to national guidelines.

scholarly journals Associations of Arachidonic Acid Synthesis with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke: A Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Shiu-Lun Au Yeung ◽  
C. Mary Schooling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Arachidonic acid (AA), a major long-chain omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. We assessed bi-directional associations of AA synthesis reflected by plasma phospholipid AA with CVD risk factors, and identified mediators of associations of AA with IHD and stroke using Mendelian randomization (MR). We used two-sample MR to assess bi-directional associations of AA synthesis with lipids, blood pressure, adiposity, and markers of inflammation and coagulation. We used multivariable MR to assess mediators of associations of AA with IHD and stroke. Genetically predicted AA (% of total fatty acids increase) was positively associated with apolipoprotein B (ApoB, 0.022 standard deviations (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.010, 0.034), high-density (0.030 SD, 95% CI 0.012, 0.049) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, 0.016 SD, 95% CI 0.004, 0.027) and lower triglycerides (−0.031 SD, 95% CI −0.049, −0.012) but not with other traits. Genetically predicted these traits gave no association with AA. The association of AA with IHD was attenuated adjusting for ApoB or LDL-C. Genetically predicted AA was associated with lipids but not other traits. Given ApoB is thought to be the key lipid in IHD, the association of AA with IHD is likely mediated by ApoB.

Lipoprotein Candidate Genes for Multivariate Factors of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome: A Sib-pair Linkage Analysis in Women Twins

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Edwards ◽  
P.J. Talmud ◽  
B. Newman ◽  
R.M. Krauss ◽  
M.A. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Ldl Size ◽  
Apo E

AbstractThe insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is characterized by a combination of interrelated coronary heart disease risk factors, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels, obesity and increases in triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), small low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-size), and fasting and postload plasma insulin and glucose. Using factor analysis, we previously identified multivariate factors based on data from women participating in the Kaiser Permanente Women Twins Study: 1) Weight/Fat, 2) Insulin/Glucose, 3) Lipids, and 4) BP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate evidence for genetic linkage between the multivariate factors and candidate genes. Quantitative sib-pair analysis based on the factor scores with markers for 9 candidate genes was carried out based on data from 126 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) women twins from the second exam of the Kaiser Permanente Women Twins study. Suggestive evidence for linkage was found for the Weight/fat factor and the Apo E gene (p= 0.01), and stronger evidence for linkage with the Lipid factor and the cholesterol ester transfer protein (p= 0.002) gene. Therefore, the CETP gene appears to influence covariation in LDL size, TG, and HDL, and may account for a portion of the well-established statistical and metabolic associations observed between these risk factors.

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