scholarly journals Adherence with Drug Therapy in Pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Harmful Effects

Available information suggests that nonadherence with medication is a common problem in pregnant women. Not taking prescribed drugs may have potentially negative consequences as patients may not achieve their therapeutic goal. In addition to the many factors that may influence medication-taking behaviour in the general population, unique challenges are encountered in pregnant women as both maternal health and fetal well-being must be considered. On the one hand, pregnant women may be motivated to keep their underlying disease under control, while, on the other hand, fear and anxiety regarding the potential harmful effects of their medication on their unborn child may result in poor adherence with needed medication. Providing evidence-based information, ideally preconceptually, regarding the effects of their medication during pregnancy may be important in avoiding misperceptions that lead to nonadherence.

ONE HEALTH AND BIOSAFETY -NEED OF HARMONIZATION IN MONGOLIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Zayatiin Batsukh ◽  
Gonchigoogiin Battsetseg
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

The One Health concept recognizes that the health of humans is connected to the health of animals and the environment. The major aim of the One Health is to improve health and well-being through the prevention of risks and the mitigation of effects of crises that originate at the interface between humans, animals and their various environments.Regardless of which of the many definitions of One Health is used, the common theme is collaboration across sectors. Collaborating across sectors that have a direct or indirect impact on health involves thinking and working across silos and optimizing resources and efforts while respecting the autonomy of the various sectors. To improve the effectiveness of the One Health approach, there is a need to establish a better sectoral balance among existing groups and networks, especially between veterinarians and physicians, and to increase the participation of environmental and wildlife health practitioners, as well as social scientists and development actors.As this kind of collaboration newly introduced in Mongolia, there are numerous complications and difficulties may arise, that eventually could lead to the results, with higher negative impact to the public and personal health. From the technical perspective, it is undoubtfully important to evaluate the system and reveal the gap and weakness of each stakeholder in this important network and try to introduce common standard operational procedures for the handling and maintaining infective agents to avoid the unpleasant spill over the pathogen into the environment.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 146-152

Demographic Challenges for a Rising China

Daedalus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Rising China ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Double Digit

Looking into the near future, China faces immense demographic challenges. Prolonged sub-replacement fertility has created irreversible conditions for rapid aging of the population, and massive migration to cities has left many villages populated by elderly farmers with no adult children to support them. Soaring divorce rates and high levels of residential dislocation have eroded family stability. To a large extent, government policies created to accelerate economic growth inadvertently fostered these demographic challenges, and now the country is facing the negative consequences of interventions that previously spurred double-digit growth. Legacies of Confucian familism initially blunted pressures on families. Filial sons and daughters sent back remittances, parents cared for migrants' children and invested in their children's marriages, and families with four grandparents, two parents, and one child (4+2+1) pooled resources to continuously improve a family's material well-being. But now the demographic challenges have further intensified and the question arises: can the state adopt new policies that will allow the prototypical 4+2+1 families created by the one-child policy to thrive through 2030?

Evidence-Based Information Presentation Matters

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Ellen Peters
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Information Presentation ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Communication Challenge

This chapter, “Evidence-Based Information Presentation Matters,” introduces the problem: poorly presented numbers, widespread innumeracy, and barriers introduced by the communicators themselves. These issues combine to produce negative consequences for health and financial well-being and for shared decisions about public resources. Because risk and other numbers can be confusing and overwhelming, the challenge is not merely to provide them accurately. Instead, the communication challenge includes presenting them so that consumers can comprehend and use them and thus increase control over their experiences and outcomes. Chapter 15 links earlier chapters on the psychology of how decision makers process information to five evidence-based strategies for how to present numbers to increase how well people comprehend and use them in judgments and decisions. Strategically choosing information-formatting techniques allows abstract and impotent data to become useable information that facilitates informed decisions that concord with what people value.

scholarly journals The difficult crossroads of decisions at COVID-19: how can the deontology implicit in Evidence-Based Medicine help us to understand the different attitudes of doctors at this time?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL PRESTES NACUL ◽  
MARCO ANTÔNIO AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Many ◽  
Based Medicine

ABSTRACT One of the struggles faced by physicians in clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic is how to deal with already available or lacking scientific evidence. The COVID-19 pandemic has a large impact in the routine of the many health services, including surgery, which demanded changes in assist protocols. Questions began to arise about well-established surgery conducts due to situations related to SARS-COV-2 infection, and, according to public health measures that are necessary to fight the pandemic. In situations of scarce available evidence, it is natural for us to have to deal with systematically more fragile, provisory and bias-susceptible information. Considering the principles that guide Evidence Based Medicine and Bioethical, the authors analyze the complexity of the medical decision-making during this time. Medical conducts must be adapted to the context of fighting the pandemic and consider patients and healthcare providers exposure and well-being and, lastly, the conservation of resources. The authors conclude that acceptance and tolerance to divergence is commendable, being a path to achieving unity in the diversity of medicine in times of little safe knowledge.

scholarly journals Characteristics of sleep-conducive music: A narrative evidence review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Yuluan Wang ◽  
Annette Rivard ◽  
Christine Guptill ◽  
Carol Boliek ◽  
Cary Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Sleep deficiency (SD) is a prevalent problem and has serious negative consequences for physical, cognitive, and psychological well-being. The use of music as a non-pharmacological sleep intervention has been proposed in several studies. A 2014 meta-analysis of 10 randomized trials evaluating the impact of music on sleep concluded that it can decrease sleep onset delay (latency) and sleep disturbances, increases sleep duration, and improves daytime dysfunction.  It appears that, to-date, evidence-based guidelines for the selection and/or production of sleep-promoting music do not exist.  This review addresses that gap and synthesizes available literature towards the goal of developing guidelines grounded in the evidence-based characteristics of sleep conducive music. Design and Results: A narrative review of research papers relevant to the topic identified evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music related to tempo, rhythm, pitch, volume, and duration. Conclusion: This identification and compilation of evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music can underpin future research that targets development and testing of specific music to promote sleep.  

Sixteenth-Century Reading in the Indies

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Torre Revello
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The People ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

Among the many books destined for children, the one preferred in America during the colonial period was the Fables attributed to the Phrygian slave, Aesop. Translated into Spanish, it was found in the hands of travelers and colonists throughout the Spanish empire. The simplicity of the tales and the morals which they point out made them the delight not only of children but also of adults, who explained the precepts with purposeful wit.Aesop was one of the authors most read in the New World, according to what we can deduce by consulting the numerous lists of books which were sent to various parts of the American continent. His fables were also circulated in Latin and Greek, surely for pedagogical purposes. In Spain there was no lack of poets who devoted part of their work to fables, such as the Archpriest of Hita with his Enxiemplos, up to the culmination in the eighteenth century with Félix María Samaniego and Tomás de Iriarte, whose works it is logical to suppose were brought to the New World with many others of various kinds. By that time the shores of America were being swept by other ideas, distinct from those of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, which brought unrest to the minds of the people, ideas foreign to the calm and well-being of the two previous centuries.

scholarly journals Utilitarianism without Moral Aggregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-269
Author(s):  
Johan E. Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIs an outcome where many people are saved and one person dies better than an outcome where the one is saved and the many die? According to the standard utilitarian justification, the former is better because it has a greater sum total of well-being. This justification involves a controversial form of moral aggregation, because it is based on a comparison between aggregates of different people’s well-being. Still, an alternative justification—the Argument for Best Outcomes—does not involve moral aggregation. I extend the Argument for Best Outcomes to show that any utilitarian evaluation can be justified without moral aggregation.

Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: pregnancy1This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. S33-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Charlesworth ◽  
Heather J.A. Foulds ◽  
Jamie F. Burr ◽  
Shannon S.D. Bredin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Event Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

Recommendations for physical activity during pregnancy have progressed significantly in the last 30 years and continue to evolve as an increasing body of scientific evidence becomes available. In addition, there is an increasing number of women who wish to either maintain physical fitness levels during the prenatal period or initiate exercise for a healthier lifestyle during pregnancy. As such, consistent evaluation of the risks associated with exercise during pregnancy is warranted for maternal and fetal well-being. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific information available regarding maternal and fetal responses as it relates to the occurrence of adverse exercise-related events in pregnant women without contraindications to exercise. A systematic and evidence-based approach was used to analyze critically the level of evidence for risks associated with acute and chronic exercise during pregnancy in healthy pregnant women. All articles were screened according to standardized evaluation criteria developed by a panel of experts. A total of 74 investigations that involved 3766 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Of the 74 studies, only 35 studies documented the presence or absence of adverse events. The serious adverse event rate for these studies was 1.4 per 10 000 h of exercise. The adverse event rate increased to 6.8 per 10 000 h of exercise when including the occurrence of more mild events and exercise-related fetal bradycardia and tachycardia. Previously inactive or active women (without contraindications) are at a low risk for adverse fetal or maternal events if they participate in routine physical activity during pregnancy.

Dal modello malattia al modello salute: difficoltŕ del passaggio e insufficienza delle parole

2009 ◽  
pp. 107-140
Author(s):  
Mario Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Disease Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Important Change ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Social Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Illness Model

- On the broader level of bio-psycho-social disciplines, for some years now there has been an important change in paradigm which, for convenience, we may call a shift from the "illness model" to the "health model". Everything starts with the famous WHO definition: from health as the "absence of disease" to health as a "state of bio-psychosocial well-being". For too long now have people dwelt on appreciating the even important recognition of the systemic bio-psycho-social model, overlooking the real novelty: that of considering health as a "state" and no longer as a mere "absence". As the title suggests, this paper calls for a dual reflection: on the one hand, the difficulty and sluggishness that the new model, focusing on health, faces in order to overcome the force of inertia of the old model, which focuses on disease; on the other, a reflection on the influence that language has had and continue to have in this process. As regards the first aspect, the difficulties inherent in the change of paradigm will be examined both at a theoretical and practical level. With regard to the second aspect, it must be noted how research and application in the biomedical field and then later also in the bio-psycho-social field has used a kind of language strongly focusing on disease and on its removal. To this linguistic influence must be added the insufficiency, or indeed absence, of words currently available to support the development of the new model. For example, while there is a specific word to codify the many spheres of illness, and namely "illnesses", in the linguistic scenario of health, although we continue to work on its positive dimensions, there is still no plural form. If we consider that the disease model has been around for about three hundred years, the current challenge prompts an awareness of the difficulties to be overcome, and also gives us an insight into the fascinating road ahead. Key words: well-being state, theory and application, language.

scholarly journals Webcam use in German neonatological intensive care units: an interview study on parental expectations and experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinda Reimer ◽  
Laura Mause ◽  
Jan Hoffmann ◽  
Pauline Mantell ◽  
Johanne Stümpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The One ◽  
Use Factors

Abstract Background To bridge the physical distance between parents and children during a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, webcams are used in few German NICUs. They allow parents to view their infant even when they cannot be present on the ward. The aim of the study was to explore the factors for and against webcam use that parents with or without webcam use encountered. Methods Guideline-based, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in the period from September 2019 to August 2020. Interview transcripts were analysed using a category-based content analysis. The categories were generated in a combined deductive–inductive procedure. Results We interviewed 33 mothers and seven fathers. Parents with webcam experience emphasised positive aspects concerning their webcam use. Factors that increased webcam acceptance included feeling certain about the child’s well-being and an increased sense of proximity. Only a few critical voices emerged from parents who had webcam experience, e.g. regarding privacy concerns. Parents who had no experience with webcam use showed ambivalence. On the one hand, they expressed a positive attitude towards the webcam system and acknowledged that webcam use could result in feelings of control. On the other hand, reservations emerged concerning an increase of mental stress or a negative influence on parental visitation behaviour. Conclusion In addition to the parents’ positive experiences with webcam use, results show a need within parents who lacked webcam experience. Despite some criticism, it was evident that webcam use was primarily seen as an opportunity to counteract the negative consequences of separation in the postnatal phase. Trial registration The Neo-CamCare study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register. DRKS-ID: DRKS00017755. Date of Registration in DRKS: 25-09-2019.

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