scholarly journals Innovative Approaches to Regenerate Enamel and Dentin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanthippi Chatzistavrou ◽  
Silvana Papagerakis ◽  
Peter X. Ma ◽  
Petros Papagerakis
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Development ◽  
Cell Aggregate ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Tooth Mineralization ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Clinic Practice

The process of tooth mineralization and the role of molecular control of cellular behavior during embryonic tooth development have attracted much attention the last few years. The knowledge gained from the research in these fields has improved the general understanding about the formation of dental tissues and the entire tooth and set the basis for teeth regeneration. Tissue engineering using scaffold and cell aggregate methods has been considered to produce bioengineered dental tissues, while dental stem/progenitor cells, which can differentiate into dental cell lineages, have been also introduced into the field of tooth mineralization and regeneration. Some of the main strategies for making enamel, dentin, and complex tooth-like structures are presented in this paper. However, there are still significant barriers that obstruct such strategies to move into the regular clinic practice, and these should be overcome in order to have the regenerative dentistry as the important mean that can treat the consequences of tooth-related diseases.

scholarly journals Management of Endodontic and Periodontal Lesions: the Role of Regenerative Dentistry and Biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Marco Tatullo ◽  
Francesco Riccitiello ◽  
Sandro Rengo ◽  
Benedetta Marrelli ◽  
Rosa Valletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Strategic Role

Regenerative dentistry represents a novel interdisciplinary approach involving biomaterials, several molecules and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), preferably derived from oral tissues. The pivotal role of MSCs depends on the fact that they can differentiate into different cell lineages and have the strategic role to release bioactive substances that stimulate the renewal and regeneration of damaged tissues. The role of regenerative dentistry is promising in all the branches of dentistry: the most intriguing application is related to the management of endodontic and periodontal defects, overcoming the surgical approach and the implantology as a consequence of a poorly efficient therapeutic plan.

The Use of Immunohistochemistry in Understanding the Structure and Function of the Extracellular Matrix of Dental Tissues

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Hall ◽  
G. Embery
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Effects Of Aging

The availability of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed toward the recognition of epitopes in a variety of extracellular matrix components of the dentition represents a powerful tool in the investigation of the structure and biology of dental tissues in health and disease. The immunolocalization of both whole molecule structures and specific regions of molecules has the potential to yield information on tooth development, the effects of aging, changes in tooth structure during the initiation and progression of the caries process, together with the response of the tooth to restorative treatment. This review reports on current research to elucidate the role of extracellular matrices of enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Attention is directed at the use of antibodies toward the small leucine-rich proteoglycans such as decorin and biglycan, in addition to their glycosaminoglycan chains. Antibodies are also being developed toward dental tissue-specific macromolecules such as phosphophoryn and amelogenin; the use of these antibodies will increase our understanding of the role of these macromolecules in mineralized tissues.

scholarly journals Antibiotics: A changing scenario in Regenerative Endodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1453-1457
Author(s):  
Kajol Relan ◽  
Manoj Chandak ◽  
Pooja Chandak ◽  
Madhulika Chandak ◽  
Chanchal Rathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Regenerative Endodontics ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Pulp Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Endodontic Disease ◽  
Supporting Structures

The main aim of Endodontics is to either prevent the endodontic disease or to treat it. This is achieved by maintaining the pulp health in cases of pulp inflammation. If there is pulp necrosis, pulp health can be maintained by regenerating the healthy pulp tissue. Hence various researches and the clinical studies tried to regenerate the healthy functioning pulp-dentin complex. Regenerative dentistry aims to biologically replace the dental tissues along with their supporting structures. Regenerative Endodontics can be defined as “ biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures such as dentin, root structures, and cells of the pulp-dentin complex.” Root canal anatomy is complex, hence even after mechanical instrumentation, there exists some portions of the root canal that remain untouched. Only instrumentation cannot completely eliminate the microbes existing into the root canal. Hence there is need to additionally irrigate the canals and also using medicaments is required to disinfect the root canal and promote healing. This article aims at focussing on various antibiotics used and role of these materials to disinfect the canals during revascularization treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factors in Tooth Development and Incisor Renewal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Du ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Haiyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Calcified Tissue ◽  
Mouse Incisor

The mineralized tissue of the tooth is composed of enamel, dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone; enamel is a calcified tissue with no living cells that originates from oral ectoderm, while the three other tissues derive from the cranial neural crest. The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are critical during the tooth development. Accumulating evidence has shown that the formation of dental tissues, that is, enamel, dentin, and supporting alveolar bone, as well as the development and homeostasis of the stem cells in the continuously growing mouse incisor is mediated by multiple FGF family members. This review discusses the role of FGF signaling in these mineralized tissues, trying to separate its different functions and highlighting the crosstalk between FGFs and other signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Role of WNT10A in failure of tooth development in humans and zebrafish

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuping Yuan ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Bhavna Tandon ◽  
Lorena Maili ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Development

Independent regulation of Dlx2 expression in the epithelium and mesenchyme of the first branchial arch

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Thomas ◽  
J.K. Liu ◽  
J.L. Rubenstein ◽  
P.T. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Development ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Upstream Sequence ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Overlapping Domains ◽  
Upper Molar

Dlx2, a member of the distal-less gene family, is expressed in the first branchial arch, prior to the initiation of tooth development, in distinct, non-overlapping domains in the mesenchyme and the epithelium. In the mesenchyme Dlx2 is expressed proximally, whereas in oral epithelium it is expressed distally. Dlx2 has been shown to be involved in the patterning of the murine dentition, since loss of function of Dlx1 and Dlx2 results in early failure of development of upper molar teeth. We have investigated the regulation of Dlx2 expression to determine how the early epithelial and mesenchymal expression boundaries are maintained, to help to understand the role of these distinct expression domains in patterning of the dentition. Transgenic mice produced with a lacZ reporter construct, containing 3.8 kb upstream sequence of Dlx2, led to the mapping of regulatory regions driving epithelial but not mesenchymal expression in the first branchial arch. We show that the epithelial expression of Dlx2 is regulated by planar signalling by BMP4, which is coexpressed in distal oral epithelium. Mesenchymal expression is regulated by a different mechanism involving FGF8, which is expressed in the overlying epithelium. FGF8 also inhibits expression of Dlx2 in the epithelium by a signalling pathway that requires the mesenchyme. Thus, the signalling molecules BMP4 and FGF8 provide the mechanism for maintaining the strict epithelial and mesenchymal expression domains of Dlx2 in the first arch.

APPLICATION OF BIOMECHANICS TO TISSUE ENGINEERING: A PERSONAL VIEW

2008 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE K. MILTHORPE
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Cellular Biomechanics ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Biomechanical Stimuli ◽  
Relationship Of

Cellular biomechanics is an area of study that is receiving more attention as time progresses. The response of cells to their mechanical environment, including biomechanical stimuli, has far-reaching ramifications for the area of tissue engineering, especially for tissues designed to withstand mechanical loading (e.g. bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments, and arteries). The effects of mechanical stimuli on cells are only recently being examined, and the potential role of mechanical stimuli in tissue engineering is still one that is largely ignored in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds. The relationship of mechanical properties of scaffolds or of mechanical stimuli to cell behavior is complex, but vital to the development of the field. Also, understanding the complex interplay of form and environment on cells involves an increase in our knowledge of how cells react to their total environment including mechanical stimuli and material properties. In order to improve tissue engineering outcomes, a nexus must be developed between the mechanical, biochemical, and biological studies of cellular behavior, in the context of extremely complex systems.

scholarly journals In Situ Hybridization Analysis of ZPK Gene Expression During Murine Embryogenesis

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Nadeau ◽  
Gilles Grondin ◽  
Richard Blouin
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ZPK is a recently described protein serine/threonine kinase that has been originally identified from a human teratocarcinoma cell line by the polymerase chain reaction and whose function in signal transduction has not yet been elucidated. To investigate the potential role of this protein kinase in developmental processes, we have analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of expression of the ZPK gene in mouse embryos of different gestational ages. Northern blot analysis revealed a single mRNA species of about 3.5 KB from Day 11 of gestation onwards. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated strong expression of ZPK mRNA in brain and in a variety of embryonic organs that rely on epithelio-mesenchymal interactions for their development, including skin, intestine, pancreas, and kidney. In these tissues, the ZPK mRNA was localized primarily in areas composed of specific types of differentiating cells, and this expression appeared to be upregulated at a time concomitant with the onset of terminal differentiation. Taken together, these observations raise the possibility that the ZPK gene product is involved in the establishment and/or maintenance of a fully cytodifferentiated state in a variety of cell lineages.

Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Remodeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liu ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanometer-scale particles, include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by most cell types, such as bone marrow stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. In bone-remodeling microenvironments, EVs deliver specific proteins (e.g., tenascin C and Sema4D), microRNAs (e.g., miR-214-3p, miR-183-5p, and miR-196a), and other growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein 1 to 7 and transforming growth factor β1) to osteoblasts and regulate bone formation. In addition, EVs can deliver cytokines, such as RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB) and RANKL (RANK ligand), and microRNAs, such as miR-218 and miR-148a, to modulate osteoclast differentiation during bone resorption. EVs also transfer bioactive molecules and have targeted therapies in bone-related diseases. Moreover, bioactive molecules in EVs are biomarkers in bone-related diseases. We highlight the emerging role of EVs in bone remodeling during physiologic and pathologic conditions and summarize the role of EVs in tooth development and regeneration. At the end of this review, we discuss the challenges of EV application in the treatment of bone diseases.

Lineage-specific morphogenesis in the developing pancreas: role of mesenchymal factors

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Gittes ◽  
P.E. Galante ◽  
D. Hanahan ◽  
W.J. Rutter ◽  
H.T. Debase
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Pancreatic Development ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Ductal Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Epithelium ◽  
Embryonic Epithelium

Pancreatic organogenesis has been a classic example of epitheliomesenchymal interactions. The nature of this interaction, and the way in which endocrine, acinar and ductal cell lineages are generated from the embryonic foregut has not been determined. It has generally been thought that mesenchyme is necessary for all aspects of pancreatic development. In addition islets have been thought to derive, at least in part, from ducts. We microdissected 11-day embryonic mouse pancreas and developed several culture systems for assays of differentiation: (i) on transparent filters; (ii) suspended in a collagen I gel; (iii) suspended in a basement membrane rich gel; (iv) under the renal capsule of an adult mouse. Epithelia were grown either with or without mesenchyme, and then assayed histologically and immunohistochemically. Epithelium with its mesenchyme (growth systems i-iv) always grew into fully differentiated pancreas (acinar, endocrine, adn ductal elements). In the basement membrane-rich gel, epithelium without mesenchyme formed ductal structures. Under the renal capsule of the adult mouse the epithelium without mesenchyme exclusively formed clusters of mature islets. These latter results represent the first demonstration of pure islets grown from early pancreatic precursor cells. In addition, these islets seemed not to have originated from ducts. We propose that the default path for growth of embryonic pancreatic epithelium is to form islets. In the presence of basement membrane constituents, however, the pancreatic analage epithelium appears to be programmed to form ducts. Mesenchyme seems not to be required for all aspects of pancreatic development, but rather only for the formation of acinar structures. In addition, the islets seem to form from early embryonic epithelium (which only express non-acinar genes). This formation occurs without any specific embryonic signals, and without any clear duct or acinus formation.

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