The Impact of Abdominal Obesity Status on Cardiovascular Response to the Mediterranean Diet

We investigated the impact of abdominal obesity status on the cardiovascular response to a fully controlled 4-week isoenergetic Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Thirty-eight abdominally obese individuals (waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women) and thirty-one nonabdominally obese individuals were recruited and studied before and after the MedDiet. All analyses were adjusted for the slight decrease in body weight, which occurred during the MedDiet (mean:0.9±1.2 kg). A group by time interaction was noted for waist circumference (P=0.02), abdominally obese subjects showing a significant decrease and nonabdominally obese subjects a nonsignificant increase (resp., −1.1 and +0.3%). The MedDiet resulted in decreases in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, A-1, and A-2, total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (time effect:P<0.05). For all variables related to glucose/insulin homeostasis, no change was observed except for a decrease in 2 h glucose concentrations (time effect:P=0.03). No group by time interaction was observed in any of the metabolic variables studied. Results from our study suggest that the adoption of the MedDiet leads to beneficial metabolic effects, irrespective of the abdominal obesity status.

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Sex-Related Differences in the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2014/424130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alexandra Bédard ◽

Louise Corneau ◽

Benoît Lamarche ◽

Sylvie Dodin ◽

Simone Lemieux

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Sex Difference ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Insulin Homeostasis ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

Objective. To document sex differences in the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on glucose/insulin homeostasis and to verify whether these sex-related effects were associated with changes in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA).Methods. All foods were provided to 38 men and 32 premenopausal women (24–53 y) during 4 weeks. Variables were measured during a 180 min OGTT before and after the MedDiet.Results. A sex-by-time interaction for plasma insulin iAUC was found (men: −17.8%,P=0.02; women: +9.4%,P=0.63;Pfor sex-by-time interaction = 0.005). A sex-by-time interaction was also observed for insulin sensitivity (Cederholm index,P=0.03), for which only men experienced improvements (men: +8.1%,P=0.047; women: −5.9%,P=0.94). No sex difference was observed for glucose and C-peptide responses. Trends toward a decrease in NEFA AUC (P=0.06) and an increase in NEFA suppression rate (P=0.06) were noted, with no sex difference. Changes in NEFA were not associated with change in insulin sensitivity.Conclusions. Results suggest that the more favorable changes in glucose/insulin homeostasis observed in men compared to women in response to the MedDiet are not explained by sex differences in NEFA response. This clinical trial is registered with clinicaltrials.govNCT01293344.

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Effect of waist circumference on the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum lipids: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2006

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016001762 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1797-1806 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Susanne Vogt ◽

Jens Baumert ◽

Annette Peters ◽

Barbara Thorand ◽

Robert Scragg

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

National Health ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the interaction between waist circumference (WC) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in their associations with serum lipids.DesignCross-sectional study. The associations of serum 25(OH)D with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), LDL-C:HDL-C and TAG were examined using multiple linear regression. Effect modification by WC was assessed through cross-product interaction terms between 25(OH)D and WC categories (abdominal overweight, 80–<88 cm in females/94–<102 cm in males; abdominal obesity, ≥88 cm in females/≥102 cm in males).SettingThe US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey waves 2001–2006.SubjectsNon-pregnant fasting participants (n 4342) aged ≥20 years.ResultsLower 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with lower HDL-C levels as well as with higher LDL-C:HDL-C and TAG levels in abdominally obese participants, but not in abdominally overweight or normal-waist participants. In contrast, lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C in abdominally overweight and normal-waist participants only, but this association was only partly significant. However, a significant difference in the association between 25(OH)D and the lipids according to WC category was found only for LDL-C:HDL-C (P for interaction=0·02).ConclusionsOur results from this large, cross-sectional sample suggest that the association between lower 25(OH)D levels and an unfavourable lipid profile is stronger in individuals with abdominal obesity than in those with abdominal overweight or a normal WC.

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Measured through Medi-Lite Score and Obesity: A Retrospective Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2007

Author(s):

Monica Dinu ◽

Giuditta Pagliai ◽

Sofia Lotti ◽

Ilaria Giangrandi ◽

Barbara Colombini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

University Hospital ◽

Significant Protection ◽

Adherence Score ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Unit Increase ◽

The Mean ◽

The Mediterranean

We recently developed and validated a questionnaire to measure adherence to the Mediterranean diet, called Medi-Lite. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Medi-Lite adherence score in relation to obesity status. A total of 208 patients who attended the Clinical Nutrition Unit of Careggi University Hospital, Florence, were included in this retrospective analysis. Of them, 126 (45%) had abdominal obesity (110 F; 16 M). The mean adherence score, calculated through the Medi-Lite questionnaire, was 9.5 ± 2.2, with significantly (p < 0.001) lower values in patients with abdominal obesity (8.9 ± 1.9) than those without abdominal obesity (10 ± 2.2). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that the Medi-Lite score determined significant protection (−28%) against the risk of abdominal obesity for every one-unit increase in the total score (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82; p < 0.001). Looking for cut-off values that denote increased risk of having abdominal obesity, we observed that patients who scored ≤9 had a significantly increased risk (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.91–5.39; p < 0.001). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed through the Medi-Lite score was found to be associated with abdominal obesity. In particular, patients who reported a score of ≤9 had a 3.5-fold times higher risk of having abdominal obesity than those who scored >9.

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Abstract P098: The Association Between Obesity Status and Long-Term Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in the PREDIMED Trial

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap098 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Cohen ◽

Eric B Rimm ◽

Miguel A Martínez-González ◽

Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽

María I Covas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Average Score ◽

Diet Adherence ◽

Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

The Mediterranean

Background: The aim of this study was to determine if long-term adherence to a prescribed diet, in the context of the PREDIMED trial, a multi-year, randomized, controlled trial, was different among obese and non-obese participants after an average follow-up of three years. Previous studies only examined short term compliance or were not sufficiently powered to compare obese with nonobese participants. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 6,463 subjects. All subjects were asymptomatic; females aged 55-80 years and males 55-80 years and were at high-risk for cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants’ characteristics were measured at baseline and every 12 months. Obesity was defined as having a BMI of 30kg/m2 or more. The main outcome measure was achieving an average score of 10 points or more on a validated 14-point Mediterranean diet adherence scale over follow-up. Results: In all three dietary intervention groups, obesity status was significantly inversely associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet; In the olive oil group, the odds ratio of obtaining a score of 10 or more was 23.4% (95% CI: 6.3, 37.5%) lower for obese subjects than for non-obese subjects after an average follow-up of three years. A similar pattern was also seen in the nuts group; the odds of obtaining a score of 10 or more was 24.3% (95% CI: 5.1,39.6%) lower for obese subjects than for non-obese subjects. In the low fat group, subjects who were obese at baseline had 25.7% (95% CI:5.7, 40.8%) lower odds of obtaining a score of 10 or more on the adherence score. All models were adjusted for relevant covariates. Conclusion: In this long-term trial of the Mediterranean Diet, adherence was high across all intervention groups. However, adherence was appreciably lower among obese participants after three years. Additional intervention efforts may be necessary to achieve the same adherence among high-risk obese individuals.

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Sociodemographic characteristics are associated with prevalence of high-risk waist circumference and high-risk waist-to-height ratio in U.S. adolescents

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02685-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felicia J. Setiono ◽

Laura A. Guerra ◽

Cindy Leung ◽

Tashara M. Leak

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Parental Education ◽

College Education ◽

Activity Level ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Adiposity status in adolescence is associated with various health outcomes in adulthood. Waist circumference [WC] and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR] are measures of abdominal obesity and have shown to be valid predictors of future chronic diseases. However, the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and WC, as well as WHtR in U.S. adolescents remain unclear. Thus, the study aims to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and abdominal obesity among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Methods The sample included 4712 adolescents (12–19 years) in the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and abdominal obesity (WC and WHtR) were examined using multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for age, physical activity level, and sedentary activity. Results Around 18% of adolescents had high-risk WC (≥90th percentile) and 34% had high-risk WHtR (≥0.5). Females had higher odds of high-risk WHtR compared to males (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.23–1.72). Mexican American adolescents had higher odds of high-risk WHtR compared to non-Hispanic White (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.24–2.20), non-Hispanic Black (OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.26–2.36), and other race/multi-racial adolescents (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.21–2.80). When their parent were college graduates, adolescents had lower odds for high-risk WC compared to when the parent had some college education (OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.49–0.93) or a high school degree or less (OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.51–0.97). Similar associations were seen between parental education level and high-risk WHtR, as well as between household income and high-risk WHtR. Conclusions Measures of abdominal obesity should be considered to assess burden of adiposity, especially among female adolescents, adolescents from racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Additionally, future health interventions should consider including changes in WC and WHtR to measure the impact of these interventions.

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The Influence of Abdominal Obesity on Hip Pain, Function, and Walking Ability after Three Years of THA: A Prospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1119061/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Wang ◽

Ze Yang ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Yuan Tian ◽

Jing Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Hip Pain ◽

Walking Ability ◽

Pain Rating ◽

Walk Test ◽

Postoperative Function ◽

6 Minute Walk Test ◽

The Impact ◽

Minute Walk

Abstract Background: There are many clinical studies about the impact of obesity on postoperative function following THA, but their conclusions are different and even contradictory. Abdominal obesity is closely related to obesity, while its impact on postoperative function following THA remains to be elucidated.Methods: Four hundred and thirteen patients were included in this study. They were divided into an AO group (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women) and a non-AO group (waist circumference ≤ 90 cm for men and ≤ 85 cm for women). Preoperative assessments including numerical pain rating, the Oxford Hip Score, and 6-minute walk test were repeated at 1,2, and 3 years postoperatively. Postoperative assessments included the anteversion and inclination of the acetabular prosthesis and satisfaction survey.Results：At a mean follow-up of 48±1.3 months, there was a significant difference in the improvement of the 6-minute walk test (251.22 to 387.46, 410.34, 410.07 vs 207.79 to 362.17, 395.82, 403.36; p < 0.001) at 1, 2 and 3 years and the numerical pain rating scale (6.00 to 0.39 vs 5.76 to 0.80; p < 0.001) at 1 year between the non-AO group and AO group. There was no difference between both groups in inclination, anteversion, OHS, and satisfaction. Conclusion: AO does not increase the complications after THA, nor does it have a significant impact on the function after THA, but it seems to have a negative effect on the improvement of walking ability and the relief of hip pain.

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Sagittal Abdominal Diameter does not Predict Metabolic Traits Better than Waist Circumference-Related Measures of Abdominal Obesity in Obese Subjects

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0043-121568 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (10) ◽

pp. 619-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Runa Zazai ◽

Britta Wilms ◽

Barbara Ernst ◽

Rahel Keppler ◽

Martin Thurnheer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Women ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽

Metabolic Traits ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Better Than

Abstract Background Recently, we showed that in subjects with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 waist circumference (WC) is associated with metabolic traits but associations were weaker in men than in women. Aims To confirm our previous observation that anthropometric measures of abdominal obesity are closer linked to metabolic traits in obese women than obese men. To test whether sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) provides a better prediction of metabolic traits in obese subjects than WC related measures. Methods SAD and WC along with metabolic traits were assessed in 204 women and 69 men (BMI 30.1–64.0 kg/m2). Results In women, abdominal obesity measures were associated with glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and uric acid levels as well as Chol/HDL ratio and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) independently of age and BMI. SAD predicted serum insulin and Chol better than WC, whereas WC was superior to SAD in predicting HbA1c, glucose, HOMA-IR, TG, HDL, Chol/HDL, and uric acid. Of note, the combination of SAD and WC provided a better prediction of insulin, HOMA-IR, TG, and uric acid than each of these anthropometric alone. In men, only fasting glucose, Chol, and uric acid levels were associated with abdominal obesity markers. Conclusion Data show various associations between anthropometric measures of abdominal obesity and metabolic traits in obese women but overall much less in obese men. Most metabolic traits are better predicted by WC than by SAD.

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Nutritional intervention promoting Mediterranean diet improves dietary intake and enhances score adherence in adolescent athletes

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.3233/mnm-200414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 237-253

Author(s):

Rokia Sahnoune ◽

Malika Bouchenak

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Adequate Intake ◽

Total Proteins ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

24 Hour Recall ◽

The Impact ◽

Kidmed Index

BACKGROUND: Appropriate nutrition is important to maintain health, growth, and development of adolescent athlete performance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention (NI) promoting Mediterranean diet (MD), on food consumption, and adherence to MD, in scholar adolescent athletes. METHODS: Eighty athletes (Females/Males, 39/41) aged 15±1 years participated to NI. MD Adherence was assessed, using Kidmed index, at baseline, and at 6 months. Food intake was evaluated by 24-hour recall at baseline, and at four NI times. RESULTS: At baseline, 61% of athletes had poor MD adherence, and after NI, this value decreased to 10%. At 6 months of NI, 73% of males vs 46% of females had good MD adherence (≥8). Energy intake represented 2369 Kcal/d, at baseline, and was less than recommended value. After NI, significant increase was observed in energy intake (p = 0.001). Mean fiber intake (19 and 21 g/d in females and males, respectively) was less than adequate intake (26/38 g/d), but increased after NI (p = 0.000). Enhancement was noted in total, and complex carbohydrates, and total proteins, and values were increased with time (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Nutritional intervention, based on Mediterranean diet, improves total energy, and macronutrients intake, and increases MD adherence scores in adolescents athletes.

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