scholarly journals Sociodemographic characteristics are associated with prevalence of high-risk waist circumference and high-risk waist-to-height ratio in U.S. adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia J. Setiono ◽  
Laura A. Guerra ◽  
Cindy Leung ◽  
Tashara M. Leak
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adiposity status in adolescence is associated with various health outcomes in adulthood. Waist circumference [WC] and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR] are measures of abdominal obesity and have shown to be valid predictors of future chronic diseases. However, the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and WC, as well as WHtR in U.S. adolescents remain unclear. Thus, the study aims to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and abdominal obesity among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Methods The sample included 4712 adolescents (12–19 years) in the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and abdominal obesity (WC and WHtR) were examined using multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for age, physical activity level, and sedentary activity. Results Around 18% of adolescents had high-risk WC (≥90th percentile) and 34% had high-risk WHtR (≥0.5). Females had higher odds of high-risk WHtR compared to males (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.23–1.72). Mexican American adolescents had higher odds of high-risk WHtR compared to non-Hispanic White (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.24–2.20), non-Hispanic Black (OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.26–2.36), and other race/multi-racial adolescents (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.21–2.80). When their parent were college graduates, adolescents had lower odds for high-risk WC compared to when the parent had some college education (OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.49–0.93) or a high school degree or less (OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.51–0.97). Similar associations were seen between parental education level and high-risk WHtR, as well as between household income and high-risk WHtR. Conclusions Measures of abdominal obesity should be considered to assess burden of adiposity, especially among female adolescents, adolescents from racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Additionally, future health interventions should consider including changes in WC and WHtR to measure the impact of these interventions.

scholarly journals Waist circumference in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Morten Fredriksen ◽  
Angelica Skår ◽  
Asgeir Mamen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Aims: With overweight and obesity increasing worldwide, it has become ever more important to monitor the development and distribution of adiposity in children. This study investigated how the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children 6–12 years old relate to earlier studies. Methods: In 2015, 2271 children (boys, n = 1150) were measured for height, weight, and WC. Parental education level was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Results: A significant increase in WC with age was revealed for both sexes ( p < .0001). Boys at 10 and 12 years had a larger WC than girls; otherwise no difference between sexes was found. The WHtR decreased with age for girls ( p < .0001); 14% of the sample displayed a WHtR ≥ 0.50. Comparison with earlier studies showed a higher WC and WHtR despite no change in weight and body mass index. Conclusion: WC and WHtR are recommended as tools for identifying central obesity in children. The results indicate increased WC in 6–12-year-old children compared with earlier findings.

scholarly journals Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Ge ◽  
Jiyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaorong Chen ◽  
Liuxia Yan ◽  
Xiaolei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K with obesity in Chinese adults.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a four-stage stratified sampling strategy.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsChinese adults (n 1906) aged 18–69 years who provided complete 24 h urine samples.ResultsOdds of obesity increased significantly across increasing quartiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·54, 1·69 and 2·52, respectively, for overweight; 1·00, 1·20, 1·50, and 2·03, respectively, for obesity; 1·00, 1·44, 1·85 and 2·53, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference); and 1·00, 1·28, 1·44 and 1·75, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist-to-height ratio); P for linear trend <0·001 for all). In addition, odds of abdominal obesity, but not odds of overweight and obesity, increased significantly with successive Na:K quartiles. Additionally, for each increment in urinary Na excretion of 100 mmol, odds of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 46 %, 39 %, 55 % and 33 %, respectively. Similarly, with a 1 sd increase in Na:K, odds of abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 12 % and 15 %, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K might be important risk factors for obesity in Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio reference percentiles for abdominal obesity among Greek adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Bacopoulou ◽  
Vasiliki Efthymiou ◽  
Georgios Landis ◽  
Anastasios Rentoumis ◽  
George P Chrousos
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

P115 Determination of waist circumference and correlation of waist-to-height ratio in adolescents as a prediction tool of high blood pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kerimkulova ◽  
A S Ospanova ◽  
R G Nurpeissova ◽  
G M Kamalbekova ◽  
T H Rymbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract Introduction The obesity and overweight epidemic, together with increasing cardiovascular disease, represent a major health problem worldwide, and their occurrence in childhood and adolescence has increased in recent time. Purpose to assess the association of  waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) coefficient with occurrence rate in adolescents with high blood pressure. Materials and methods The results of a single-step cross-sectional study of teenagers aged 12-13 years studied in 12 secondary schools in our city (Kazakhstan) are presented. The study included adolescents in the amount of 1519 (average age, standard deviation 12.3 + 0.46 years). For representing the outcomes there were used  the measurement of weight, height, BMI, WC, WHtR and the blood pressure of adolescents. Criteria for BP: normal BP (SBP and DBP &lt;89th percentile); high normal BP (SBP and DBP ≤90 and 94th percentile); arterial hypertension (SBP and DBP &gt; 95th percentile). ROC analysis was used to study the relationship between WC, WHtR and BMI. The distinctive impact of  WC or WHtR on the development of these states was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC 95% CI). Results From 1519 studied teenagers of 12-13 years, boys were 49.1% (n = 745), girls 50.9% (n = 774). Population with normal BP composed 62.7%, normal raised BP - 24.8%, hypertension - 12.4%, WC˂90th percentile at 98.5% (n = 939). The distribution by sex was: girls are more likely to have abdominal obesity than boys, (χ²=19.940, df = 1, р˂0.001). An elevated level of  WHtR was detected in 7.6% (n = 115) of adolescents. Among boys were 7.7% (n = 57) and girls 7.5% (n = 58), χ²=0.013, df = 1, p = 0.908. ). Girls (10.8%) with high blood pressure have increase WC than boys (2.1%), χ²=26.689, df = 1, р˂0.001. Adolescents with high blood pressure have enhanced WHtR - 12.2% than adolescents with normal blood pressure (2.7%), χ²=27.518, df = 1, р˂0.001. Increase of WC &gt; 90th percentile enhances with 4.5 times (95% CI: 2.44-8.53) and WHtR with 2.7 times (95% CI: 1.85-4.04) in adolescents with high blood pressure. WC (AUC = 832; 95% CI: 0.792-0.872) and WHtR (AUC = 0.812; 95% CI: 0.770-0.854was a better predictor of abdominal obesity than BMI. Conclusions. Indicators of  WC, WHtR indicating to the presence of abdominal obesity to identify risk factors for the development of high blood pressure. Participants with increase of  WC &gt; 90th percentile were 4.5 times and WHtR were 2.7 times more likely to have high blood pressure.

scholarly journals Food consumption, physical activity and socio-economic status related to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1834-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Abreu ◽  
Rute Santos ◽  
Carla Moreira ◽  
Paula Clara Santos ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Negative Predictor

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between obesity and food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status in adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008. Cole's cut-off points were used to categorize BMI. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile, as well as a waist-to-height ratio at or above 0·500. Diet was evaluated using an FFQ, and the food group consumption was categorized using sex-specific tertiles of each food group amount. Physical activity was assessed via a self-report questionnaire. Socio-economic status was assessed referring to parental education and employment status. Data were analysed separately for girls and boys and the associations among food consumption, physical activity, socio-economic status and BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, adjusting the results for potential confounders.SettingPublic schools in the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal.SubjectsAdolescents (n 1209) aged 15–18 years.ResultsAfter adjustment, in boys, higher intake of ready-to-eat cereals was a negative predictor while vegetables were a positive predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Active boys had lower odds of abdominal obesity compared with inactive boys. Boys whose mother showed a low education level had higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with boys whose mother presented a high education level. Concerning girls, higher intake of sweets and pastries was a negative predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Girls in tertile 2 of milk intake had lower odds of abdominal obesity than those in tertile 1. Girls whose father had no relationship with employment displayed higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with girls whose father had high employment status.ConclusionsWe have found that different measures of obesity have distinct associations with food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status.

scholarly journals High waist-to-height ratio and associated factors in adolescents from a city in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Augusto Bim ◽  
André de Araújo Pinto ◽  
Gaia Salvador Claumann ◽  
Andreia Pelegrini
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Body ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of abdominal obesity with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and associated factors in adolescents from a city in Southern Brazil. Methods: A total of 960 adolescents (494 boys) aged 15–18 years old participated in this study. The dependent variable was WHtR; independent variables were self-reported age, economic level, sexual maturation, physical activity level, screen time, and body fat. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: It was observed that 36.7% of the adolescents presented high WHtR (50.2% in girls and 23.9% in boys). Regardless of sex, adolescents with high body fat were more likely of having high WHtR (boys: Odds Ratio [OR] 29.79; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 16.87–52.62; girls: OR 19.43; 95%CI 10.51–35.94). In girls, high WHtR was associated with age (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.17–2.87), and in boys, with economic level (OR 2.34; 95%CI 1.01–5.45). Conclusions: One in each three adolescents has abdominal obesity. Among adolescents with high body fat, girls aged 15–16 and boys with high-income are the groups most exposed to abdominal obesity.

Waist-to-height ratio as a screening measure for identifying adolescents with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-li Liu ◽  
Fu-zai Yin ◽  
Chun-peng Ma ◽  
Guo-qin Gao ◽  
Chun-ming Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype to test the hypothesis that WHtR can identify adolescents at high risk of the HTGW phenotype.In 2006, anthropometric measurements were assessed in a cross-sectional population-based study of 3136 Han adolescents aged 13–17 years. Blood samples were collected to measure triacylglycerol concentrations. WHtR was calculated by waist circumference/height. The HTGW phenotype was represented by the simultaneous presence of elevated serum triglycerides and increased waist circumference. The ability of WHtR to accurately define the HTGW phenotype was assessed by area under the curve (AUC).The prevalence of the HTGW phenotype was 3.3% (boys 3.6% vs. girls 2.9%, χWHtR is simpler than the HTGW phenotype and does not require blood tests. The prevalence of the HTGW phenotype increased with WHtR. Higher WHtR can identify adolescents with high risk of the HTGW phenotype.

scholarly journals Abdominal obesity-related risk factors in children from public schools of Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana das Dores Paiva Canuto ◽  
Adriele Vidal Lucas Silva ◽  
João Victor Martins ◽  
Marlene de Melo Fonseca ◽  
Nathália Sernizon Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with abdominal obesity in children from public schools in Barbacena, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 326 students aged 7 to 9 years from public schools in the urban area of the city. Anthropometric data included body weight, height, body mass index according to age, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Food consumption was evaluated using the Previous Day Food Questionnaire. Abdominal obesity was assessed based on waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. The bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression, estimating the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 30.7%; whereas the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 9.2 and 12.6% according to waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. Boys (OR 2.76; 95%CI 1.22–6.25) and children from central schools (OR 2.73; 95%CI 1.08–6.80) presented an increased chance of abdominal obesity according to waist circumference. Abdominal obesity according to waist-to-height ratio was associated with the central location of the schools (OR 2.18; 95%CI 1.02–4.63) and the habit of skipping supper (OR 2.01; 95%CI 1.00–4.09). Conclusions: The findings showed that being a boy, studying in a central school, and skipping supper were the main risk factors associated with abdominal obesity.

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