scholarly journals Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Traditional Chinese and Indian Medicinal Herbs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Wang ◽  
Jeffrey Wang ◽  
Patrick Chan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Traditional Indian Medicine ◽  
Indian Medicine

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a fast-growing epidemic affecting people globally. Furthermore, multiple complications and comorbidities are associated with T2DM. Lifestyle modifications along with pharmacotherapy and patient education are the mainstay of therapy for patients afflicted with T2DM. Western medications are frequently associated with severe adverse drug reactions and high costs of treatment. Herbal medications have long been used in the treatment and prevention of T2DM in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Indian medicine (TIM). This review examinesin vivo,in vitro, and clinical evidence supporting the use of various herbs used in TCM and TIM. The problems, challenges, and opportunities for the incorporation of herbal frequently used in TCM and TIM into Western therapy are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Nanotized Curcumin and Miltefosine, a Potential Combination for Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brajendra Tiwari ◽  
Richa Pahuja ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Srikanta Kumar Rath ◽  
Kailash Chand Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Traditional Indian Medicine ◽  
Indian Medicine

ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis chemotherapy remains very challenging due to high cost of the drug and its associated toxicity and drug resistance, which develops over a period of time. Combination therapies (CT) are now in use to treat many diseases, such as cancer and malaria, since it is more effective and affordable than monotherapy. CT are believed to represent a new explorable strategy for leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a traditional Indian medicine (ayurveda), a natural product curcumin and miltefosine, the only oral drug for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using a Leishmania donovani-hamster model. We developed an oral nanoparticle-based formulation of curcumin. Nanoformulation of curcumin alone exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity both in vitro and in vivo. In combination with miltefosine, it exhibited a synergistic effect on both promastigotes and amastigotes under in vitro conditions. The combination of these two agents also demonstrated increased in vivo leishmanicidal activity accompanied by increased production of toxic reactive oxygen/nitrogen metabolites and enhanced phagocytic activity. The combination also exhibited increased lymphocyte proliferation. The present study thus establishes the possible use of nanocurcumin as an adjunct to antileishmanial chemotherapy.

Small molecule glucokinase activators as novel anti-diabetic agents

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Leighton ◽  
A. Atkinson ◽  
M.P. Coghlan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucokinase Activators

The monomeric enzyme GK (glucokinase) has a low affinity for glucose and, quantitatively, is largely expressed in the liver and pancreatic β-cells, playing a key ‘glucose sensing’ role to regulate hepatic glucose balance and insulin secretion. Mutations of GK in man can be inactivating, to cause a form of diabetes mellitus, or activating, to lower blood glucose levels. Recently, models of GK protein structure have helped to elucidate the role of inactivating and activating mutations, with the latter revealing an allosteric binding site, possibly for an unknown physiological activator. However, this discovery was pre-dated by Drug Discovery projects that have identified small organic molecules that activate pancreatic and liver GK enzyme activity. These compounds stimulate insulin secretion in islets and glucose metabolism in hepatocytes. The profile of these GK activators, both in vitro and in vivo and the potential role that GK activators play in lowering blood glucose levels in Type II diabetes mellitus will be discussed.

Challenges associated with curcumin therapy in Alzheimer disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdenour Belkacemi ◽  
Sihem Doggui ◽  
Lé Dao ◽  
Charles Ramassamy
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Traditional Indian Medicine ◽  
Indian Medicine ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

Curcumin, the phytochemical agent in the spice turmeric, which gives Indian curry its yellow colour, is also a traditional Indian medicine. It has been used for millennia as a wound-healing agent and for treating a variety of ailments. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and other properties of curcumin have only recently gained the attention of modern pharmacology. The mechanism of action of curcumin is complex and multifaceted. In part, curcumin acts by activating various cytoprotective proteins that are components of the phase II response. Over the past decade, research with curcumin has increased significantly. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that curcumin could target pathways involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD), such as the β-amyloid cascade, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation or oxidative stress. These findings suggest that curcumin might be a promising compound for the development of AD therapy. However, its insolubility in water and poor bioavailability have limited clinical trials and its therapeutic applications. To be effective as a drug therapy, curcumin must be combined with other drugs, or new delivery strategies need to be developed.

Ciamexon in low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. In vivo and in vitro studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S120-S121
Author(s):  
TH. LINN ◽  
H. GERMANN ◽  
B. HERING ◽  
R. BRETZEL ◽  
K. FEDERLIN
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Pomegranate, its Components and Modern Deliverable Formulations as Potential Botanicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Various Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Hussein ◽  
Mostafa Gouda ◽  
Harpal S. Buttar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Abstract: Cancer is a global multifactorial disease consisting of over 200 types of cancers. It is well recognized that primary prevention is an effective way to fight cancers by using natural polyphenolic anticancer foods, vegetables and fruits, avoiding exposure to carcinogenic environment, smoking cessation, and through lifestyle modifications. The present review provides up to date information on the effects and functions of pomegranate juice and its bioactive components on the most widespread six cancer types. Pomegranate contains important polyphenolic compounds such as ellagitannins and punicalagin, with strong antioxidant ability for scavenging free radicals and producing metal-chelates in the biological tissues. The in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties of pomegranate constitute have major antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities for regulating gene expression, modulating cellular mechanisms, and limiting the ability of cancers to metastasize. A limited number of clinical studies have suggested that pomegranate ingredients have the potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer, especially colorectal and prostate cancer. In cancer therapy, it remains a clinical dilemma to hit the right target without inducing side effects. The costly anticancer chemotherapies are often associated with drug resistance and serious side effects in vital organs, and noncancerous neighboring cells. It appears that the pomegranate based phytotherapies would be affordable and cost-effective for next generation non-pharmacologic anticancer remedies with lesser side effects. However, well-designed, randomized, double-blind, and multi-center studies are needed to establish the long-term safety, efficacy and dose schedules for orally deliverable pomegranate formulations.

scholarly journals DALAFLOXACIN- ANTIBACTERIAL: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sain ◽  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Ashok Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Goyal ◽  
Mukesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Multiresistant Strains ◽  
Major Pathogens

Antibiotics (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antiviotika), also called antibacterials, are a type of antimicrobials drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. Cellulitis is an infection that involves the outer layers of the skin. It is commonly caused by bacteria known as beta-hemolytic streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus. You may experience pain, swelling, tenderness, warmth, and redness in the infected area. Complicate skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common for both outpatient and hospitalized patients and traditionally include various clinical symptoms ranging from minor superficial infections to necrotizing fasciitis with high rates of mortality. Delafloxacin (DLX) is a new FQ pending approval, which has shown a good in vitro and in vivo activity against major pathogens associated with ABSSSIs and CA-RTIs. It also shows good activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including those resistant to other FQ, and stability against multiresistant strains.

scholarly journals Regenerative Medicine and Angiogenesis; Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-501
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Jahani ◽  
Davood Rezazadeh ◽  
Parisa Mohammadi ◽  
Amir Abdolmaleki ◽  
Amir Norooznezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diffusion Limit ◽  
Blood Vessel Development ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Vessel Development ◽  
Tissue Engineering Technique

Blood vessel development is one of the most prominent steps in regenerative medicine due tothe restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissues and providing the rapid vascularizationin clinical-sized tissue-engineered grafts. However, currently tissue engineering technique isrestricted because of the inadequate in vitro/in vivo tissue vascularization. Some challenges likeas transportation in large scale, distribution of the nutrients and poor oxygen diffusion limit theprogression of vessels in smaller than clinically relevant dimensions as well in vivo integration.In this regard, the scholars attempted to promote the vascularization process relied on the stemcells (SCs), growth factors as well as exosomes and interactions of biomaterials with all of themto enable the emergence of ideal microenvironment which is needed for treatment of unhealthyorgans or tissue regeneration and formation of new blood vessels. Thus, in the present reviewwe aim to describe these approaches, advances, obstacles and opportunities as well as theirapplication in regeneration of heart as a prominent angiogenesis-dependent organ.

scholarly journals Advances in lactoferrin research concerning bovine mastitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei-ichi Shimazaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens ◽  
Binding Glycoprotein

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk and other exocrine secretions. Lactoferrin in milk plays vital roles in the healthy development of newborn mammals, and is also an innate resistance factor involved in the prevention of mammary gland infection by microorganisms. Inflammation of the udder because of bacterial infection is referred to as mastitis. There have been many investigations into the relationships between lactoferrin and mastitis, which fall into several categories. The main categories are fluctuations in the lactoferrin concentration of milk, lactoferrin activity against mastitis pathogens, elucidation of the processes underlying the onset of mastitis, participation of lactoferrin in the immune system, and utilization of lactoferrin in mastitis treatment and prevention. This minireview describes lactoferrin research concerning bovine mastitis. In the 1970s, many researchers reported that the lactoferrin concentration fluctuates in milk from cows with mastitis. From the late 1980s, many studies clarified the infection-defense mechanism in the udder and the contribution of lactoferrin to the immune system. After the year 2000, the processes underlying the onset of mastitis were elucidated in vivo and in vitro, and lactoferrin was applied for the treatment and prevention of mastitis.

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