Strategic Trade Policy in the Presence of International Outsourcing in a Duopoly Model

This paper analyzes how domestic government sets its optimal export policy in a duopoly model when its domestic firm can only outsource its input while the rival firm is able to both produce and outsource its input. First we analyze the strategic outsourcing behavior of the foreign firm. We find that the foreign firm’s decisions on whether to outsource input or to make it by itself depend on the trade policy taken by the domestic government. The foreign firm will strategically outsource the entire quantity of its input production to the supplier with an input price higher than its in-house cost, if the domestic firm is subsidized by the domestic government. However, when the domestic firm is being charged a positive export tax by the domestic government, the foreign firm will decide to make input by itself despite the lower input price under the outsourcing regime. From the domestic government’s point of view, we find that the conditions for the foreign firm’s decisions correspond to the domestic social welfare maximization problem. When the foreign firm chooses to outsource its input to the supplier, the domestic government will impose a negative export tax on its firm, namely subsidy. While when the foreign firm chooses to make input by itself, the domestic government will impose an export tax on its firm as trade policy.Keywords: Trade Policy, Export Tax, Subsidy, Outsourcing

DEBIT CREDIT FRAMING EFFECT IN THE INVESTMENT ALOCATION DECISION

This study aims to test the effect of accounting information in the investment decision if information is framed in debit or credit. Also, this study attempts to develop or formulate the framing instruments that essenced in accounting debit credit concept. The quasi experiment is applied for undergraduate accounting students. Wilcoxon ranks test is applied to test the data. The results show that there are framing effects which asset information is more favorable than liabilities, revenue information is more favorable than asset, and equity information is more favorable than asset. There is a tendency that revenue information is more favorable than expenses. This research means that there is framing effect in the accounting information when information is given separately only debit or credit, it should be reduced by giving complete information of debit credit transactions.

Simultaneous Effect on Debt and Managerial Ownership: Agency Theory Framework

This study aims to examine the debt policy and managerial ownership as tools to control the agency conflict. Debt policy and managerial ownership used in controlling agency conflicts have several considerations such as the risk of the company, the company's growth and the presence of institutional ownership in a company. The variables used in this study include earnings volatility as a measure of corporate risk, growth companies, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, debt policy, and total assets as a control. Furthermore, an analysis by means of regression models with simultaneous Two Stage Least Square method was used. The results found in this study stated that the risk factors, the growth of the company, as well as the existence of institutional ownership affect debt policy and managerial ownership control of the company within the framework of the agency conflict. This indicates that the use of policies to control the agency conflict must consider these three factors. Keywords: agency conflict, debt policy, managerial ownership

Managers' Roles in Performance-Based Reward Enhancing Employees’ Feelings of Procedural Justice

This study assesses the correlation between managers’ roles in performance based reward and procedural justice at disaster agencies in Malaysia. The outcomes of SmartPLS (PLS-SEM) path model analysis demonstrated that the capability of management to correctly apply communication, involvement and performance assessment in performance-based reward could lead to higher employees' feelings of procedural justice in the organizational sample. Further, this study offers discussion, implications, and conclusion.Keywords: Managers’ roles, performance based reward, procedural justice, SmartPLS

Management Background, Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Indonesian Bank

This research aims to determine the effect of management background which proxy by accounting education background, MBA education background, Chinese ethnicity and intellectual capital (VAIC) on conventional banks’ financial performance (ROA) in Indonesia. The Population consists of all conventional banks listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange period of 2012 to 2015. Using purposive sampling method to screen the data, the final sample for this research is 140 data that consists of 39 banking companies. This research used Eviews7 software to conduct panel data regression analysis. The results showed that accounting education background and Chinese ethnicity are not significantly affect financial performance. Meanwhile MBA education background and VAIC are significantly affecting financial performance (ROA).Keywords: management background, VAIC, ROA, banking.

The Analysis of Portfolio Risk Management using VAR Approach Based on Investor Risk Preference

Ackert and Deaves (2010) said that most people have tendency to being risk averse, but with appropriate amount of compensation, people may take more risk. Understanding those circumstances, this research trying to figure risk involved in a Mean-Variance Model. This model has taken consideration about investor risk preference in composed VAR model. VAR define as a measure of the risk of investments, which in this research focuses on risk preferences. This research also conducts comparison between optimum portfolio model known as Single Index Model and Mean-Variance Mode. Robustness test taken too analyze the outcomes from different data input. Research showed that risk preference has an impact on generating portfolio based on Mean-Variance Mode (MVM). Meanwhile, Single Index Model (SIM) found to given a similar result as MVM in high risk preference. This has shown that SIM may not adequate for those who have low risk preference. Research also show that risk taker investor get more gain and endure more risk than risk averse investor. But, based on robustness test, we found that the lowest risk an investor bear is on the highest risk preference. Thus, we make a conclusion that variance is not the only factor that might cause VaR increased, data dispersion has became more major factor.Keywords: Value at risk, Single Index Model, Optimum Portfolio.

The Phenomena of Organizational Structure Change as Change Factor of Financial Consultant’s Motivation

Life insurance has developed into an attractive industry and has an important role in supporting businesses, families and communities. It grew into a business commodity that attracted many people. Competition in the life insurance industry is increasingly complex and competitive due to the number of life insurance companies made a lot of customers have many choices that requires every company to be more responsive to acquire customers, to support the organizational change, motivation and performance of employees. According to the first interview with top management, obtained information that there is a distance between superiors and subordinate in Allianz Life Indonesia’s new system, where Business Partner (leader) only served to control Business Executive and give freedom to the actions carried out by subordinates so that the relationship between them is less synergy. The purpose of research is to describe implementation strategies and the impact of OSC to Financial Consultant’s motivation. This study uses a qualitative research method. Research results obtained implementation strategy of OSC, which influenced by factors such as the driver of an effective and efficient work system, increasing of industry competition, and maintaining customer trust. There are two impact to Financial Consultant’s motivation include intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.Keywords: Insurance, Organizational Structure Change, Motivation, Financial Consultant

Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach on Regional Product Competitiveness in Magelang, Central Java

This study aims to identify and analyze the data and information to determine the local featured products through the aspects of value-added, market expansion and production technology. The location is the town of Magelang in which there are many small and medium industries with a wide range of their products. The analytical tools used include common analytical technique used to determine a featured product. They are scoring, value chain and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result of the study shows that the main criteria for weighting the featured products are competitive advantage, stakeholders' acceptance and societal benefits. Through all three criteria, there are three main local featured products becoming the. They are getuk (the result of processed cassava), kerupuk tahu (tofu crackers) and ceriping ketela (cassava crackers). Furthermore, through a comparative analysis of the criteria, it can be concluded that the product getuk can be considered as the Regional Industry Core Competence based featured product from Magelang.Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Proces, Regional Product, Competitiveness

Development Of Small Medium Entreprise With External, Internal, And Religiosity Factors In Islamic Banks

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of external, internal and religiosity variable that proxies to inflation, Bank Indonesia Certificate Sharia (SBIS), Non Performing Financing (NPF) and Third Party Fund (DPK) to Small and Medium Enterprises Financing in the Islamic Bank in Indonesia. The data is used Time Series data periods of January: 2011 – March: 2016 from Statistic Banking of Indonesia by analyzed of Multiple Linear Regression and Hahslm method. The results of this research indicate that the variable Inflation, Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS), Non Performing Financing (NPF) and Third Party Fund (DPK) have partially influence to Small and Medium Enterprises Financing. This is showed by the value of Adjusted R Square of 60,7% while the remaining 39,3% influence by other factors. In this research showed Inflation, Non Performing Financing (NPF) and Third Party Fund (DPK) have a significantly and positive effect on the Small and Medium Enterprises Financing. Meanwhile, Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS) has no significantly effect on Small and Medium Enterprises Financing. Simultaneously, the overall independent variables have a significant influence to Small and Medium Enterprises Financing.Keywords: Inflation, SBIS, NPF, Islamic Banking.

Value Added: Technique for Corporate Performance Measurement under Social Perspective

Financial Analysts consider as profit the most important measure of business performance. Profit may be expressed in terms of money value and measured as sales margin percentage or be calculated as return of investment. These, in any form, are used as basis for measure of business performance. In recent years, considerable interest have been shown in the use of value added as an alternative or additional approach to measure the operational efficiency and profitability of a business. A lot of discussion have been going on about reporting the performance of an organization in terms of value added rather than conventional profit or loss. The information disclosed by the Statement of Value Added, based on Value Added Accounting and reporting is considered to be much more useful than that disclosed by the conventional profit and loss account in providing a realistic basis for measuring the economic performance of an organization. The concept has received great attention in accounting practices with the emergence of large corporations having significant bearing on the society and finally on the economy for multi-dimensional impact over and above the owners. Value added system is a very useful measure of judging the performance of an enterprise for managerial decision-making and for inter-firm comparison.Keywords: Value Added; Value Added Accounting and Reporting, Value Added Statement, Annual Report.