scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Melatonin on the Liquid Storage (5°C) of Mithun (Bos frontalis) Semen

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perumal ◽  
Kezhavituo Vupru ◽  
K. Khate
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sperm Abnormality ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of melatonin (MT) on sperm motility, viability, total sperm abnormality, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, DNA abnormality, antioxidant profiles such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), enzymatic profiles such as aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), and biochemical profiles such as malonaldehyde (MDA) production and cholesterol efflux. Total numbers of 30 ejaculates were collected twice a week from eight mithun bulls and semen was split into five equal aliquots, diluted with the TEYC extender. Group 1 has semen without additives (control) and group 2 to group 5 have semen that was diluted with 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, and 4 mM of melatonin, respectively. These seminal parameters, antioxidant, enzymatic, and biochemical profiles were assessed at 5°C for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 30 h of incubation. Inclusion of melatonin into diluent resulted in significant (P<0.05) decrease in percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa, and acrosomal abnormalities at different hours of storage periods as compared with control group. Additionally, melatonin at 3 mM has significant improvement in quality of mithun semen than melatonin at 1 mM, 2 mM or 4 mM stored inin vitrofor up to 30 h. It was concluded that the possible protective effects of melatonin on sperm parameters are it prevents MDA production and preserve the antioxidants and intracellular enzymes during preservation.

scholarly journals Effect of Superoxide Dismutase on Semen Parameters and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Liquid Stored (5°C) Mithun (Bos frontalis) Semen

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Group 2

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on sperm motility, and viability; total sperm abnormality; acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity; DNA abnormality; antioxidant profiles such as catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC); enzymatic profiles such as aspartate amino transaminase (AST), and alanine amino transaminase (ALT); and biochemical profiles such as malondialdehyde (MDA) production and cholesterol efflux. Total numbers of 50 ejaculates were collected twice a week from eight mithun bulls and semen was split into four equal aliquots, diluted with the TEYC extender. Group 1: semen without additives (control), and group 2 to group 4: semen was diluted with 50 U/mL, 100 U/mL, and 150 U/mL of SOD, respectively. These seminal parameters, antioxidant, enzymatic, and biochemical profiles were assessed at 5°C for 1, 6, 12, 24, and 30 h of incubation. Inclusion of SOD into diluent resulted in significant (P<0.05) decrease in percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa, and acrosomal abnormalities at different hours of storage periods as compared with control group. Additionally, SOD at 100 U/mL has significant improvement in quality of mithun semen than SOD at 50 or 150 U/mL stored in in-vitro for up to 30 h. It was concluded that the possible protective effects of SOD on sperm parameters are that it prevents MDA production and preserves the antioxidants and intracellular enzymes during preservation.

Effect of addition of trehalose on the liquid storage (5°C) of mithun (Bos frontalis) semen

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perumal ◽  
Kezhavituo Vupru ◽  
C. Rajkhowa
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Membrane Stabilizer ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Group 2

The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of trehalose on sperm parameters, enzymatic profiles and biochemical profiles of seminal plasma of mithun. The semen ejaculates were collected from mithun and was split into four groups as group 1: semen without additives (control), group 2 to 4: semen with 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM of trehalose, respectively in EYTC extender. These parameters were assessed at 5°C for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 30 h of incubation. Inclusion of trehalose resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decrease in percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities as compared with control group. Additionally, trehalose at 50 mM has significant improvement in quality of mithun semen in <italic>in- vitro</italic> storage. It was due to the protective effects of trehalose on sperm parameters as sperm membrane stabilizer and prevents efflux of cholesterol, lipid peroxide formation and biochemical enzymes from sperm cell during preservation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of medical treatment in overcoming the ureteral double-J stent related symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Kuyumcuoglu ◽  
Bilal Eryildirim ◽  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Gokhan Faydaci ◽  
Fatih Tarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Double J Stent ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Stone Treatment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background: We investigated whether the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increased in patients in whom double-J stents were applied. We also evaluated several medical therapy protocols to treat symptoms related with ureteral stents.Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients, in whom unilateral double-j stent was applied during ureteral stone treatment, were included. Before the double-J stent was applied, all patients completed storage components of the “International Prostate Symptom Score” (IPSSs), quality of life components of the IPSS (IPSS-QOL) and “Overactive Bladder Questionnaire” (OABq) forms and scores were calculated. After the procedure, cases were randomized into 5 groups, an antiinflammatory was given to Group 1, spasmolytic to Group 2, anticholinergic to Group 3 and α-blocker to Group 4. No additional drug was given to Group 5 as this control group. During the fourth week of the procedure, IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq forms were again completed and scores were compared with the previous ones.Results: When all the cases were evaluated, the IPSSs, IPSS-QOLand OABq scores of patients in whom the double-J stent was applied were statistically significantly higher the procedure. Compared to the control group, the cases where the double-J stent was applied showed a higher IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq scores and none of the medical therapies could prevent this increase.Interpretation: The frequency of LUTS increased in cases where the ureteral stent was applied and discomfort continued as long as the stent stayed in the body.

scholarly journals The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Curcumin and Its Nanoparticles to Extender on Post-Thaw Quality of Cryopreserved Rabbit Sperm

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Abdelnour ◽  
Mahmoud Hassan ◽  
Amer Mohammed ◽  
Ahmad Alhimaidi ◽  
Naif Al-Gabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Curcumin Nanoparticles ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Apoptosis Process ◽  
Structural Levels

The cryopreservation process adversely affects sperm function and quality traits, causing some changes at biochemical and structural levels, due to mechanical, thermal, osmotic, and oxidative damage. Supplementation with curcumin nanoparticles could prevent and even revert this effect and could enhance the post/thawed sperm quality in the rabbit. The study amid to explore the effect of curcumin (CU) and curcumin nanoparticles (CUNPs) supplementation in semen extender on post/thawed rabbit sperm quality. Twelve fertile, healthy rabbit bucks were included, and the ejaculates were collected using artificial vaginas. Rabbit pooled semen was cryopreserved in tris-yolk fructose (TYF) extender without any supplement (control group) or extender supplemented with CU at levels of 0.5, 1 or 1.5 µg/mL (CU0.5, CU1.0, and CU1.5, respectively) or CUNPs at levels of 0.5, 1, 1.5 (CUNPs0.5, CUNPs1.0, and CUNPs1.5, respectively) and was packed in straws (0.25 mL) and stored in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C). Results revealed that CUNPs1.5 had a positive influence (p < 0.05) on post-thawing sperm progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity as compared with the other groups. Percentages of dead sperm, abnormalities, early apoptotic, apoptotic, and necrotic sperm cells reduced (p < 0.05) in CUNPs1.5 as compared to other treatments. Using 1.5 µg/mL of CUNPs significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GPx, while MDA and POC reduced (p < 0.05) in CU1.5 in comparison with other groups. SOD values were enhanced (p < 0.05) in CUNPs1.0 and CUNPs1.5 in relation with other treatments. Conclusively, the addition of curcumin and its nanoparticles to the extender can improve the post-thawed quality of rabbit sperm via redox signaling and reduce the apoptosis process.

scholarly journals Calliandra portoricensis ameliorates ovarian and uterine oxido-inflammatory responses in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and benzo[a]pyrene-treated rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (16) ◽  
pp. 1490-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedoyin O Adefisan ◽  
Judith C Madu ◽  
Solomon E Owumi ◽  
Oluwatosin A Adaramoye
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Toxic Response ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Reproductive dysfunction stemming from chemical agents may lead to infertility. We examined the protective effects of Calliandra portoricensis ( CP) extract on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and N-methyl- N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity in rat, treated as follows: control (group 1), NMU + BaP (group 2), groups 3 and 4 received (NMU + BaP), and CP (50 and 100 mg/kg), respectively. Group 5: CP (100 mg/kg) alone, group 6: (NMU + BaP) and vincristine (VIN: 0.5 mg/kg) and group 7: VIN alone. Rats were injected at age 7, 10, and 13 weeks with single doses of NMU and BaP for 10 consecutive weeks. NMU + BaP significantly ( P < 0.05) increased ovarian and uterine weight, and decreased bodyweight, while the organo-somatic index (OSI) of uterus and ovary increased 2.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively. CP co-treatment ameliorated the observed weight changes. Lipid peroxidation increased by 58% in the ovary, accompanied by decreases in ovarian and uterine GST, GPx, catalase activities, and total sulfhydryl level in NMU + BaP-treated rats. Uterine and ovarian myeloperoxidase activities, as well as nitric oxide levels also increased. CP co-treatment ameliorated the observed changes in antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory biomarkers. Furthermore, histopathology revealed fibrotic ovarian stroma, while uterine endometrium was infiltrated with inflamed cells. Immunohistochemistry showed weak expression of FSH, LH, p53, caspase-3, and Bax, whereas progesterone, iNOS, and Bcl-2 were strongly expressed in NMU + BaP-treated rats. CP treatment restored the architecture of these tissues. Conclusively, the root bark fraction of CP decreases oxido-inflammatory damage in ovarian and uterine tissues of NMU- and BaP-treated rats. Impact statement Infertility resulting from reproductive impairment is traumatic in families. Exposure to chemicals may play insidious roles not easily connected to infertility. We examined benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and N-methyl nitrosourea (NMU)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity and the role of Calliandra portoricensis in mitigating toxicity. In a bid to illuminate folk medical claims cloaked in mystery, unearthing lost knowledge, advance natural chemopreventive agents, and report new evidence lacking in the literature attributed to CP. Although CP is known to exhibit anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and analgesic effects in humans, its possible roles for mitigating toxicity stemming from inadvertent chemical exposures are reported here. Our findings affirm and further show that CP abates toxic response incumbent on oxidative damage and inflammatory responses associated with NMU and BaP exposure. Development of phytochemical derived from CP may serve as a potential natural therapy against chemical toxicities in individuals inadvertently exposed, and promote human health and reproductive satiety.

scholarly journals Influence of Thermal Cycles Number on Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets to Ceramic

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eliú Pereira Jurubeba ◽  
Ana Rosa Costa ◽  
Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho ◽  
Carlos Alberto Malanconi Tubel ◽  
Américo Bortolazzo Correr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ceramic Restorations

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different number of thermal cycles on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded to feldspathic ceramic by a composite resin. Twenty-five ceramic cylinders were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s and received two layers of silane. Brackets were bonded to the cylinders using Transbond XT and assigned to 5 groups (n=5): Group 1 - Control group (without thermal cycling); Group 2 - 500 thermal cycles; Group 3 - 5,000 thermal cycles; Group 4 - 7,000 thermal cycles and Group 5 - 10,000 thermal cycles. Light-activation was carried out by Radii Plus LED. SBS testing was carried out after 24 h of storage in deionized water and thermal cycling (5/55 oC and 30 s dwell time). Five brackets were bonded to each cylinder, totalizing 25 brackets for each group. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was evaluated at 8× magnification. The SBS (MPa) of control group (9.3±0.8), 500 (9.0±0.7) and 5,000 (8.4±0.9) thermal cycles were significantly higher than those after 7,000 (6.8±0.6) and 10,000 (4.9±1.0) thermal cycles (p<0.05). The ARI showed a predominance of Scores 0 (adhesive failure) prevailed in all groups, as shown by the ARI, with increased scores 1 and 2 (mixed failures) for control group and 500 thermal cycles. In conclusion, thermal fatigue may compromise the bonding integration between metallic brackets and ceramic restorations. For in vitro testing, use of at least 7,000 cycles is advised to result in significant fatigue on the bonding interface.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dentinal defects during root canal preparation using thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium files

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertan Kesim ◽  
Burak Sagsen ◽  
Tugrul Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Rotary Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of root cracks after root canal instrumentation with thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) files with different instrumentation kinematics. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 extracted mandibular premolars with mature apices and straight root canals were divided into five groups and used in this study. In Group 1, 30 teeth were prepared using hand K-files and assigned to control group, Group 2 was instrumented using K3XF Rotary files (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) with continuous rotary motion. The teeth in Group 3 were instrumented by ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary files which make asymmetric rotary motion, In Group 4, teeth were instrumented by RECIPROC (VDW, Munich, Germany) with reciprocation motion and in Group 5, teeth were instrumented by Twisted File (TF) Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) files that use combination of continuous rotation and reciprocation motion (n = 30/per group). All the roots were horizontally sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a low speed saw under water cooling. Then, the slices were examined through a stereomicroscope to determine the presence of dentinal microcracks.Results: For the apical (3-mm) and coronal (9-mm) sections, the ProTaper Next and TF Adaptive produced significantly more cracks than the hand files, RECIPROC, and K3XF (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental groups and control group at the 6-mm level (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all thermal-treated Ni-Ti instruments and hand files caused microcracks in root canal dentin.

scholarly journals Effect of the number of thermocycles on microleakage of resin composite restorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Bittencourt Pazinatto ◽  
Bruno Barbosa Campos ◽  
Leonardo César Costa ◽  
Maria Teresa Atta
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Group 1

Thermocycling simulates, in vitro, thermal changes that occur in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of cycles on microleakage. Class V cavities (1.5 mm deep, 3 mm in height and 3 mm in width) were prepared in bovine teeth, restored with a Single Bond/Z250 restorative system (3M/ESPE) and then divided into five groups of ten teeth each: group 1 was not thermocycled (control group), and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were thermocycled 500, 1,000, 2,500 and 5,000 times, respectively (5º-55º ± 2ºC, 15 s dwell time). The teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin aqueous solution for 24 h, sectioned and the sections with the highest degree of microleakage were selected, scanned and the extent of dye penetration was measured by the ImageTool program. The results submitted to one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The averages of microleakage values in millimeters were: group 1 (3.92); group 2 (3.13); group 3 (4.48); group 4 (4.33) and group 5 (3.42). Thus, it was concluded that there is no relation between the increase of the number of cycles and the increase in microleakage.

scholarly journals Synergistic impact of α-linolenic acid and α-tocopherol on in vitro maturation and culture of buffalo oocytes

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Azam ◽  
R. Ejaz ◽  
S. Qadeer ◽  
S. Irum ◽  
A. Ul-Husna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract The objective of the current study was to investigate the synergistic impact of α-Tocopherol and α-Linolenic acid (100 µM) on IVM and IVC of Nili Ravi buffalo oocytes. Oocytes were obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes within two hours after slaughter and brought to laboratory. Buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes were placed randomly in the five experimental groups included; GROUP 1: Maturation media (MM) + 100 µM ALA (control), GROUP 2: MM + 100 µM ALA + 50μM α-Tocopherol, GROUP 3: MM + 100 µM ALA + 100μM α-Tocopherol, GROUP 4: MM + 100 µM ALA + 200 μM α-Tocopherol and GROUP 5: MM + 100 µM ALA + 300 μM α-Tocopherol under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 38.5 °C for 22-24 h. Cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation status was determined (Experiment 1). In experiment 2, oocytes were matured as in experiment 1. The matured oocytes were then fertilized in Tyrode’s Albumin Lactate Pyruvate (TALP) medium for about 20 h and cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium to determine effect of α-Linolenic acid (100 µM) and α-Tocopherol in IVM medium on IVC of presumptive zygotes. To study the effect of α-Linolenic acid (100 µM) in IVM media and increasing concentration of α-tocopherol in the culture media on early embryo development (Experiment 3), the presumptive zygotes were randomly distributed into the five experimental groups with increasing concentration of α-tocopherol in culture media. Higher percentage of MII stage oocytes in experiment 1(65.2±2.0), embryos at morula stage in experiment 2 (30.4±1.5) and experiment 3 (22.2±2.0) were obtained. However, overall results for cumulus cell expansion, maturation of oocyte to MII stage and subsequent embryo development among treatments remain statistically similar (P > 0.05). Supplementation of α-tocopherol in maturation media having α-Linolenic acid and/or in embryo culture media did not further enhance in vitro maturation of oocyte or embryo production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of different immunostimulatory medicine at the experimental trichinosis and leishmaniosis on white mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Olga Zhdanova ◽  
O.V. Rudneva ◽  
J.K. Akulinina ◽  
L.A. Napisanova
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Immunostimulatory drugs in recent years are widely used in Parasitology. Also, homeopathic drugs such as Cina have anti-helmintic and immunostimulation properties. We studied the possibility of using immunostimulating and high dilutions drugs during parasitological disease treatment. Two experimental parasitological disease models (trichinelosis and cutaneous leishmaniosis) were used. Trichinellosis caused by gastrointestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis occurs in humans, domestic and wild animals. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of Leishmania genus. It is spread by certain sandflies types bite. The disease can present in three main ways. We used 2 leishmania in vitro models and experimental mice cutaneous model. The cutaneous form presents skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents skin, mouth, and nose ulcers. For estimation of immunostimulatory efficacy, size of leishmanioma, presence of leishmania in the ulcer, and treatment time were analyzed. This study aimed at to assess the protective efficiency of homeopathic drug such as Cina C6cH and interferon 2 and inductors of interferons of types 1 and 2 interferon, against experimental trichinosis and leichmaniosis. An assay was carried out on 50 white outbred mice. These were divided into three groups of ten mice each. Group 1 was injected with interferon inductors (2.16 mg/mouse in 0.2 ml sterile saline, intramuscularly); group 2 - desoldering dissolved in water Cina C6cH one time a day per os. The group 3 received interferone-a2b; and the group 4 was injected 0.2 ml of sterile 0.9% NaCl. The group 5 was only for leishmaniasis. After a 48 hours regimen, the groups 1-3 were inoculated with a dose of 80 ± 5 units of T. spiralis larva per mouse. After 90 days of trichinellosis incubation, and during one year of leishmaniasis process the mice were euthanized and dissected for evaluation. Maximum protection was obtained in mice immunized with interferon-a2b and its stimulatory, as T. spiralis detected larvae in animals was 733.5±25.1 larva/animal. Cina C6cH immunized group presented 2840.5±183.3 larva/animal. This was less than control group (4485±430.6 larva/mouse). Also mice with leishmaniasis had fewer ulcers during treatment with immune stimulating. Ulcers sizes were 0.46+0.05 (group 3); 2.2 +0.5 (group 2), and 3.2+0.8 (group 5). Leishmanial amount in the ulcer was 3.1 +0.7(group 3), 3.6 +0.4 (group 2), and 3.7+0.3(goup 5). The time of the treatment in the 3-d group was 19.2+0.9 and more than 40 days in all group (2,4,5). So, based on this, we consider it advantageous to continue the study of immunostimulatory drugs in the complex treatment of trichinelosis and leishmaniosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document