scholarly journals Fullerenols as a New Therapeutic Approach in Nanomedicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Grebowski ◽  
Paulina Kazmierska ◽  
Anita Krokosz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress

Recently, much attention has been paid to the bioactive properties of water-soluble fullerene derivatives: fullerenols, with emphasis on their pro- and antioxidative properties. Due to their hydrophilic properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals, fullerenols may, in the future, provide a serious alternative to the currently used pharmacological methods in chemotherapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and radiobiology. Some of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy are anthracycline antibiotics. Anthracycline therapy, in spite of its effective antitumor activity, induces systemic oxidative stress, which interferes with the effectiveness of the treatment and results in serious side effects. Fullerenols may counteract the harmful effects of anthracyclines by scavenging free radicals and thereby improve the effects of chemotherapy. Additionally, due to the hollow spherical shape, fullerenols may be used as drug carriers. Moreover, because of the existence of the currently ineffective ways for neurodegenerative diseases treatment, alternative compounds, which could prevent the negative effects of oxidative stress in the brain, are still sought. In the search of alternative methods of treatment and diagnosis, today’s science is increasingly reaching for tools in the field of nanomedicine, for example, fullerenes and their water-soluble derivatives, which is addressed in the present paper.

scholarly journals Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2091-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Trotta ◽  
Marco Zanetti ◽  
Roberta Cavalli
Keyword(s):  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Swelling Properties

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, which are proposed as a new nanosized delivery system, are innovative cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers nanostructured within a three-dimensional network. This type of cyclodextrin polymer can form porous insoluble nanoparticles with a crystalline or amorphous structure and spherical shape or swelling properties. The polarity and dimension of the polymer mesh can be easily tuned by varying the type of cross-linker and degree of cross-linking. Nanosponge functionalisation for site-specific targeting can be achieved by conjugating various ligands on their surface. They are a safe and biodegradable material with negligible toxicity on cell cultures and are well-tolerated after injection in mice. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges can form complexes with different types of lipophilic or hydrophilic molecules. The release of the entrapped molecules can be varied by modifying the structure to achieve prolonged release kinetics or a faster release. The nanosponges could be used to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble molecules, protect degradable substances, obtain sustained delivery systems or design innovative drug carriers for nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Selected Antioxidant Enzymes and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Joshi ◽  
Sangeeta Singh ◽  
Preeti Sharma ◽  
Tapan Mohapatra ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Cigarette Smoking (CS) is the single greatest preventable cause of disease and death and is rich in Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS). These can cause the production of other free radicals, which, in turn, initiate lipid peroxidation and cause several diseases. Free radical scavenger enzymes namely Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) represent the enzymatic part that have the ability to inhibit oxidative stress by scavenging the highly destructive free radicals. Aim: To study the effect of CS on selected antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted from September 2016 to September 2019 in which total of 284 healthy (without any systemic diseases) cigarette smokers (cases) in the age group of 18-60 years compared with age and sex matched 284 nonsmokers (controls) were included in the study. Estimation of serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA), Malondialdehyde (MDA) by Thiobarbuturic Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), SOD by water soluble tetrazolium salt 1, GPx and CAT by colorimetric method. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS 19.0.2 program for windows. Unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse all the data for statistical significance. Results: The mean Serum MDA and 8-OHdG levels were significantly raised 7.47±1.84, 63.41±22.44 as compared to nonsmokers (3.90±1.03, 40.04±20.14) and serum SOD, Gpx and CAT levels were decreased 62.55±19.97, 44.45±16.60 and 12.92±10.16 in cigarette smokers as compared to nonsmokers 274.04±68.37, 208.56±75.63 and 127.82±18.68, respectively. These differences were also found to be statistically significant in cigarette smokers according to duration and number of cigarette smoked at the level of <0.05. Conclusion: Cigarette Smoking, especially long-term smoking may leads to significant changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of smokers. Discontinuation of smoking and general awareness needs to be created to minimise the risk of smoking related diseases.

scholarly journals Potensi Antioksidan Alami pada Ekstrak Kulit Buah Jamblang (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels) Menggunakan Metode DPPH (The Potency of Natural Antioxidant in The Rind Extract of Jamblang (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels) using DPPH Method)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Nirmala Sari ◽  
Kusdianti Kusdianti ◽  
Diky Setya Diningrat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Antioxidant Potency

AbstrakStress oksidatif pada tubuh dapat memicu berbagai penyakit. Stress oksidatif ini disebabkan karena radikal bebas berlebih. Tubuh memerlukan antioksidan untuk mengurangi pengaruh radikal bebas dan meredam dampak negatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi daya antioksidan ekstrak kulit buah jamblang (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels) dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian daya antioksidan ekstrak kulit buah jamblang diketahui bahwa ekstrak kulit buah jamblang memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang tergolong aktivitas sedang dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 169.3. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kulit buah jamblang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami bagi manusia.Kata Kunci : antioksidan, DPPH, ekstraksi, jamblang, radikal bebas, stress oksidatif AbstractOxidative stress can induce many diseases. Oxidative stress is caused by excessive free radicals in the body. The body required antioxidant to decrease and hush the negative effects of free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potency of extract rind of jamblang (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels) using DPPH method. The result showed that the jamblang rind extract had moderate antioxidant activity and the IC50 value was 169.3.  Based on this result, jamblang rind was potential to be natural antioxidant for human.Keyword: antioxidant, DPPH, extraction, jamblang, free radicals, oxidative stress

scholarly journals POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI PADA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBLANG (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Ayu Nirmala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
In Cells

Various diseases can be triggered by the condition of oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs in cells when free radicals are present in excess amounts. To reduce the negative effects and negative effects of these free radicals, the body needs antioxidants. The aim of this research is to know the antioxidant potential of black plum leaf extract (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeel) using DPPH method. Based on the results of antioxidant potential testing in black plum leaf extract known that it has antioxidant content that is classified as very active with an IC 50 value of 8.85. The results of this study indicate that the leaves of black plum (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeel have the potential to be developed as a source of natural antioxidants for humans.

Association of Oxidative Stress with Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Hassan ◽  
Hamsa Noreen ◽  
Shakila Rehman ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽  
Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Neuronal Membranes

Background: Oxidative stress is one of the main contributing factors involved in cerebral biochemical impairment. The higher susceptibility of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species mediated damage could be attributed to several factors. For example, neurons use a greater quantity of oxygen, many parts of the brain have higher concentraton of iron, and neuronal mitochondria produce huge content of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, neuronal membranes have polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are predominantly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). OS is the imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidant potential. This may lead to various pathological conditions and diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Objectives: In this study, we explored the involvement of OS in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: We used different search terms like “oxidative stress and neurological disorders” “free radicals and neurodegenerative disorders” “oxidative stress, free radicals, and neurological disorders” and “association of oxidative stress with the name of disorders taken from the list of neurological disorders. We tried to summarize the source, biological effects, and physiologic functions of ROS. Results: Finally, it was noted that more than 190 neurological disorders are associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals An Overview on How Exercise with Green Tea Consumption Can Prevent the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Improve Sports Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Saber Saedmocheshi ◽  
Linda H. Chung ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki ◽  
Marcos Maynar-Mariño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Fitness Level

Free radicals are reactive products that have multiple effects on the human body. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants manage the overproduction of free radicals. However, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant factors causes oxidative stress. Exercise and physical activity are factors that increase oxidative stress and disrupts the body’s homeostasis. Intensity and duration of training, training characteristics, and fitness level can have positive or negative effects on oxidative stress. Green tea consumption is recommended for the prevention of a variety of diseases, health maintenance, and weight loss. The effectiveness of green tea is primarily due to the presence of catechins and polyphenols, specifically (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties based on clinical and animal studies. This review investigates the effect of green tea exercise and their interactive effects on free radicals and sports improvement.

Adhesion molecule expression trigger immune-mediated pathology in lupus-nephritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Jens Boldron ◽  
Simon Caltabiano ◽  
Steven Debono ◽  
Robert Thompson ◽  
Malcolm Scammells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Hs Crp

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most potent broad-spectrum antitumor anthracycline antibiotics, its use is limited by the development of life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Doxorubicin generates free radicals and induces oxidative stress associated with cellular injury. Further, it has been shown that free radicals are involved in doxorubicin-induced toxicity. The goal of this study is to investigated the cardio-protective effects of caffeic acid on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. The rats were randomized into three equal groups, sham group without treatment, doxorubicin treated group at a dose 3mg/kg IP every other two days and group treated with doxorubicin plus caffeic acid 40mg/day. Two weeks later LV function measurment were performed and blood samples were collected from the heart to measurment plasma levels of cardiac Troponin-I (cTn-I), oxidative stress parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) and high a sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The hearts were excised for cardiac tissue cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) measurement and microscopic examination. Rats in the Dox+caffeic acid group had improved LV function, reduced cytokine expression, decreased myocardial marker injury (cTn-I) and less MDA, hs-CRP levels in comparison with the Dox group. Pathological finding appeared nearly normal in the Dox+caffeic acid without fibrosis. The results of the present study reveal that caffeic acid has a promising cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Effects of caffeic acid on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Bassim Mohammad ◽  
Nada Aharis ◽  
Maitham Yousif ◽  
Zainab Alkefae ◽  
Najah Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Hs Crp

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most potent broad-spectrum antitumor anthracycline antibiotics, its use is limited by the development of life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Doxorubicin generates free radicals and induces oxidative stress associated with cellular injury. Further, it has been shown that free radicals are involved in doxorubicin-induced toxicity. The goal of this study is to investigated the cardio-protective effects of caffeic acid on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. The rats were randomized into three equal groups, sham group without treatment, doxorubicin treated group at a dose 3mg/kg IP every other two days and group treated with doxorubicin plus caffeic acid 40mg/day. Two weeks later LV function measurment were performed and blood samples were collected from the heart to measurment plasma levels of cardiac Troponin-I (cTn-I), oxidative stress parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) and high a sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The hearts were excised for cardiac tissue cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) measurement and microscopic examination. Rats in the Dox+caffeic acid group had improved LV function, reduced cytokine expression, decreased myocardial marker injury (cTn-I) and less MDA, hs-CRP levels in comparison with the Dox group. Pathological finding appeared nearly normal in the Dox+caffeic acid without fibrosis. The results of the present study reveal that caffeic acid has a promising cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

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