scholarly journals Drug Resistance Pattern of MTB Isolates from PTB Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Ranganath ◽  
Vijay G. S. Kumar ◽  
Ravi Ranganath ◽  
Gangadhar Goud ◽  
Veerabhadra Javali
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background. TB is a global pandemic disease. All TB control programs were not successful due to the emergence of multidrug resistance inM. tuberculosisstrains. Objective of the present study was to detect the rate of MDR-MTB in this part of India.Methods. One hundred and thirty clinical MTB strains isolated from patients on treatment and confirmed as MTB by MPT64 antigen detection were tested for drug susceptibility against Streptomycin, INH, Rifampicin, and Ethambutol by MBBact automated system.Result. Thirty-two were MDRs (25.61%). 31.2%, 28%, 17.6%, and 21.6% were resistant to INH, RIF, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin, respectively. Resistance to either INH or Rifampicin was 20.8% and 13.88%, respectively. Combined INH and Rifampicin resistance was seen in 18.05% isolates.Conclusion. Drug resistance rate is high in patients treated previously and who have been irregular on treatment.

scholarly journals Changes in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Romania during 1977–95

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ISRAIL ◽  
N. NACESCU ◽  
CL. CEDRU ◽  
C. CIUFECU ◽  
M. DAMIAN
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Six hundred and twenty-four Vibrio cholerae O1 strains, 623 serotype Ogawa and one serotype Inaba, isolated in Romania between 1977–95 were tested to detect all changing traits concerning serogroup, serotype, biotype, phage type and resistotype patterns and subsequently, the possible epidemiological relationship among these strains. Biotyping revealed one classical, 580 eltor strains and 43 intermediary variants. When tested with Mukerjee phages, 546 (87%) strains were sensitive and 78 (13%) resistant. One phage type (M4) dominated during 1977–90, two phage types (M4 and M5) exhibited the same high frequencies during 1991, a diversity of types occurred during 1993–4 whereas in 1995, two phage types (M4 and M5) showed similar distributions again. Five patterns of drug susceptibility were successively described during 1977–95. The most prominent changes in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains were noticed during 1993–4: the highest number of non-typable strains and intermediary variants, the widest spectrum of phage types and of multidrug resistance. In 1995, the strains reverted to the previous typable forms but a new drug resistance pattern was noticed.

Current Prevalence and Treatment Outcome of Paediatric Tuberculosis in a South Indian District - A 2 Year Retrospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 2229-2234
Author(s):  
Praveen Deen Kumar Namala ◽  
Praveena Basireddy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND Knowledge about the diagnosis and the treatment outcome of paediatric tuberculosis is very much essential for functioning of tuberculosis (TB) control programs in most countries like India. The current study was done to determine the prevalence of paediatric tuberculosis, different modalities used for diagnosis, drug resistance pattern, HIV-TB co-infection rate and treatment outcome. METHODS A 2-year retrospective study was done among all registered paediatric tuberculosis cases aged 18 years and below, who were diagnosed during the period January 2018 to December 2019. Data was extracted from the files and was analysed. RESULTS The prevalence of paediatric tuberculosis was found to be 0.51 per 1000 population. The proportion of paediatric tuberculosis among total TB cases was 5.9 %. Among 14,596 total TB cases registered at District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC) Anantapuramu, 867 (5.9 %) were paediatric TB cases, with a mean age of 12.5 ± 5.6 years. 62 % of the cases were above 12 years of age. Males (47.4 %) and females (52.6 %) were almost equally distributed (P > 0.05). 343 (39.6 %) cases were microbiologically confirmed TB and 524 (60.4 %) cases were clinically diagnosed TB. Drug resistance was found in 47 (13.7 %) of the 343 microbiologically confirmed TB cases. Of the total 867 paediatric TB cases studied, pulmonary type (56 %) was predominant than extra pulmonary type (44 %) (P < 0.05). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co infection was found in 24 (2.8 %) cases. 423 cases (65.5 %) successfully completed the treatment and 173 cases (26.8 %) were cured adding to a favourable outcome of 92.3 %. 3 (0.5 %) cases had treatment failure, 35 (5.4 %) were defaulters and 12 (1.8 %) cases died during the treatment, adding to a poor outcome of about 7.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Majority of the paediatric tuberculosis cases were diagnosed clinically rather than microbiological confirmation. Efforts should be made to further improve the availability and sensitivity of diagnostic methods of paediatric TB. KEYWORDS Paediatric Tuberculosis, Drug Resistant TB, HIV TB Co Infection

scholarly journals Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Pattern among Different Category of Tuberculosis Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
SM Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Mohammed ◽  
Md Billal Alam ◽  
HAM Nazmul Ahasan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Anti-Tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance is emerging as a new global health problem. No national data on drug resistance is available in Bangladesh. The absolute number of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is expected to be high considering high TB burden. This study was aimed to determine the resistance pattern of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates among different category of patient. Method: A total 1123 randomly selected patients having clinical and or radiological features of tuberculosis attending out patients department of NIDCH were enrolled in this study during January to December, 2008. Sputum were collected and processed for culture by digestion, decontamination and concentration following modified Petroff's method and were inoculated on to two slopes of Lowenstein- Jensen (L-J) media for six weeks. The identity of the isolates was made by growth rate, colony morphology, P-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB) susceptibility, catalase and nitrate reduction tests. Ultimately drug susceptibility testing (DST) were performed. Result: Drug susceptibility testing for Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF), Ethambutol (EMB) and Streptomycin (SM) was done among 363 cases. Resistance rates for INH, RIF, EMB and SM were 76.03%, 71.63%, 27.55% and 55.65% respectively. According to DST report, total 221 cases were detected as multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Among them, 87% cases were MDR-TB in category II (CAT - II) failure and 13% were MDR-TB in category I (CAT - I) failure and it was 0% in new cases. Conclusion: Pattern of anti TB drug resistance was identified in this study. More surveillance and immediate therapeutic interventions should be performed in order to combat the threat of MDR-TB to the general population. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Multi drug resistance, Drug susceptibility testing.   doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2812 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 45-47

scholarly journals Drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis in category II treatment failure pulmonary tuberculosis patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Fahmida Rahman ◽  
Sadia Sharmin ◽  
Md Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Proportion Method

This study was designed to determine the extent of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis (MTB) isolated from category II treatment failure pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. A total of 100 Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) smear positive category II failure PTB patients were included in this study. Sputum culture was done in Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) media. Conventional proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) media was used to determine the drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ofloxacin (OFX) and kanamycin (KA). Out of 100 sputum  samples, a total of 87 samples were positive by culture. Drug susceptibility test (DST) revealed that 82 (94.25%) isolates were resistant to one or more anti -TB drugs. Resistance to isoniazide (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ofloxacin (OFX) and kanamycin (KA) was 94.25%, 82.75%, 29.90% and 3.45% respectively. Among these isolates, 79.31% and 3.45% isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extended drug resistant (XDR) M. tuberculosis respectively. High rate of anti-tubercular drug resistance was observed among the category II treatment failure TB patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v7i1.17741 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(1): 9-11

scholarly journals Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV infection in Mwanza, Tanzania

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyagosya Range ◽  
Henrik Friis ◽  
Said Mfaume ◽  
Pascal Magnussen ◽  
John Changalucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Culture Positive

Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly multi-drug resistance TB (MDR-TB). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary and acquired anti-TB drug resistance among newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (PTB) and relapse cases. Sputa were collected from newly diagnosed and relapse PTB patients. Drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed on sputum culture positive isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using resistance ratio method on four first-line anti-TB drugs: rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin. Demographic and anthropometric information was collected and HIV status was determined. Of the 523 culture positive isolates, DST results were available for 503 (96%), 455 were new and 48 were relapse cases. Resistance to at least one of the four drugs was observed in 7.8% (39/503) of the isolates, 7.3% (33/455) were new and 12.5% (6/48) were from relapse cases. Mono resistance to isoniazid was higher in both among new 45.5% (15/33) and relapse 50.0% (3/6) cases. Resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin alone was equal 4/33 (12.1%) and only among new cases. Resistance to ethambutol alone was only one among new cases. Overall MDR-TB prevalence was 2.4% (12/503), nine were new and three were relapse cases. MDR-TB was 17.9% (7/39) for rifampicin and isoniazid. Prevalence of HIV was 43.3% and was similar among new and relapse cases and not risk factor for drug resistance. Majority of PTB patients (52%) had BMI below 18 kg/m2. Those with BMI greater than 18 kg/m2 were more likely to develop drug resistance than those with BMI below 18 kg/m2  (P=0.004). With the resurgence of TB and the high prevalence of HIV among TB patients, prevalence of drug resistance is still low both among new and relapses cases. Despite the current low drug resistance, there is a need for continuous monitoring of the resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Tuberculosis Patients at Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Aminu A.I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The epidemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have been recognized as the most important factors contributing to increasing resurgence of tuberculosis (TB). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIV among tuberculosis patients and drug sensitivity pattern of some of the mycobacterial isolates. One hundred and sixty eight (168) sputum samples from tuberculosis patients attending Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kano were collected and processed for the presence of Mycobacteria. Blood samples of the patients were also screened for the presence of HIV. The drug susceptibility test (DST) was performed using the BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Inhibitory Test (MGIT) M960 technique. Results revealed that out of the 168 patients studied 24 (14.29%) were TB and HIV co-infected and 135 (68.88%) were males while 61 (31.12%) were females (P = 0.001). Majority of the studied cases were of the age groups 15-24 years and 25-34 years (P = 0.001). Ten (58.82%) of the 17 isolates that were subjected to DST against the first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) were found to be resistant against the various drugs to which they were tested; out of which 7 (41.17%) exhibited a primary drug resistance pattern, 3 (17.65%) exhibited acquired drug resistance pattern and 2 (11.74%) were multi-drug resistant TB. The highest drug resistance of 23.53% was recorded against isoniazid, followed by rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide each with a resistance of 17.65%. The study recommends screening of all TB patients for early diagnosis of HIV co-infection as well as conducting DST which will inform prompt management of the infected individuals and designing appropriate treatment schedule for effective TB/HV control as well as preventing transmission of drug resistant TB. Key words: Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Infection, Prevalence, Drug Susceptibility.

scholarly journals Analysis of distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from the paediatric population in Shenmu Hospital from 2011–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Yang Hui-min ◽  
Wang Yan-ping ◽  
Yong Lin Liu ◽  
Bilal Haider Shamsi ◽  
He Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Objective This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and changes in antibacterial susceptibility of children in Shenmu City, northern Shaanxi, and provide a basis for rational drug use. Methods The distribution and drug resistance pattern of pathogenic bacteria isolated from children were retrospectively analysed. Results A total of 573 strains of pathogens were cultivated. A total of 201 (35.07%) strains of Gram-positive cocci and 183 (31.93%) strains of Gram-negative cocci were detected. A total of 189 (32.98%) strains of fungi were detected. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus to penicillin was 100% and that to erythromycin was 90.69%. There were varying degrees of resistance to other drugs, but no single strain had vancomycin resistance. Gram-negative bacilli were generally resistant to ampicillin, but had low resistance to the combined preparation of enzyme inhibitors, quinolones, and aminoglycosides, and were highly sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens of bacterial infection in the paediatric ward. Strengthening clinical monitoring of bacterial distribution in paediatric clinical isolates and understanding changes in drug resistance are important for guiding the rational use of antibiotics. These measures could also prevent emergence and spreading of resistant strains.

Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
H. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
D. S. SAYI ◽  
A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽  
M. SINGHANIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

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