A Serological Survey of Akabane Virus Infection in Cattle in Sudan

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in ten states in Sudan to determine seroprevalence and to assess risk factors associated with Akabane virus (AKAV) infection in dairy herds. Serum samples were collected from a total of 361 dairy cattle and tested for antibodies against AKAV using ELISA. The prevalence rates of AKAV antibodies in cattle varied between 69.6% in Khartoum state and 3.3% in Sennar State with an overall prevalence rate of 29.4%. The prevalence rates of AKAV antibodies were significantly associated with breed being high in crossbred (39.9%; P<0.001); female sex (33%; P<0.001), and animals in the age group of 2-3 years old (45.3%; P<0.001). Akabane virus antibodies prevalence was also highly associated with locality (P<0.001); season being high in winter season (58.1%; P<0.001); and animals raised under intensive management system (37%; P<0.001). Among 68 cases suffering from reproductive (abortion and infertility) problems the prevalence rate of AKAV antibodies in animals with infertility problem (76.2%; P<0.03) was significantly higher than in animals with abortion (48.9%). The study revealed that AKAV infection is highly prevalent in dairy cattle in Sudan and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.

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Cross-sectional survey for canine leptospirosis in an Atlantic Rainforest area of the semiarid of Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Maria G.S. Bernardino ◽

Diego F. Costa ◽

Denise B. Nogueira ◽

Maria L.C.R. Silva ◽

Edijanio G. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Free Access ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Leptospira Spp

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the bacteria Leptospira spp. that affects humans, domestic and wild animals. The present work aimed to conduct a cross-sectional survey for leptospirosis in the canine population of the Brejo Paraibano microregion, semiarid of Northeastern Brazil. From May to October 2017, blood samples from 414 dogs were collected in the counties of Alagoa Grande (n=100), Areia (n=79), Bananeiras (n=72), Alagoa Nova (n=73), Serrraria (n=25), Pilões (n=25), Borborema (n=20) and Matinhas (n=20). The tutors of the sampled dogs answered an epidemiological questionnaire, obtaining information about the animals, owner, residence and breeding of the dogs. Subsequently, the serum samples were subjected to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), using a collection of 23 serovar pathogenic antigens and using the 1:50 dilution as the cutoff point. Of the 414 dogs analyzed 52 were seroreactive, resulting in an apparent prevalence of 12.6% and a real prevalence of 12.2%. Seroreactive dogs were found in the eight counties. Dogs were reactive for the serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (76.9%), Autumnalis (13.55%), Pomona (3.8%), Grippotyphosa (3.8%) and Serjoe (1.9%) Antibody titers ranged from 50 to 800. The statistical analysis (robust Poisson regression) detected six factors associated with seropositivity, including the rainy season (prevalence ratio; PR=1.94, P=0.013), male dogs (PR=2.10, P=0.005), animals with age greater than five years (PR=4.21, P=0.012), consumption of untreated water (PR=1.87, P=0.043), free access of dogs to street (PR=2.15, P=0.011) and contact with wildlife (PR=3.54, P=0.050). The serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae has a high zoonotic potential and was the most frequent in seropositive animals. The high real prevalence of Leptospira spp. in a transmission region of the semiarid region of Paraíba and the occurrence of seroreactive animals in all the counties suggest wide distribution of the infection and reinforce the need for preventive measures to avoid infection in pets and, consequently, to humans. The analysis of factors associated with the prevalence suggest greater manegment cares with the dogs.

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Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus in Dairy Herds with Reproductive Problems in Sudan

ISRN Veterinary Science ◽

10.1155/2014/595724 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amira Mohamed Elhassan ◽

Mohamed Abdalla Fadol ◽

Abdel Rahim Mohamed El Hussein

Keyword(s):

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Sectional Study ◽

High Seroprevalence ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Potential Risk Factors

The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the seroprevalence of blue tongue virus (BTV) and assess potential risk factors associated with BTV infection in dairy cattle with reproductive problems in Sudan. Serum samples were collected from a total of 784 animals from 37 herds and tested for antibodies against BTV using cELISA. A total of 663 out of 784 (84.57%) sera tested proved positive for BTV antibodies in all farms tested in Khartoum and Gazira States. The prevalence of antibodies was high in both areas being 94.32% in Gazira State and 76.62% in Khartoum State. BTV antibodies prevalence were significantly higher (P<0.000) in older animals than in younger ones. These rates were also significantly higher in the rainy season (P<0.000) and in Gazira State compared to Khartoum State. Sex also showed significant (P<0.000) differences in the seroprevalence, whereby females (74.7%) had higher level than males (9.8%). However, no significant (P>0.09) variations for BTV seroprevalence were observed between breeds. The BTV antibodies prevalence in infertility cases (86.6%) was not significantly different from that found in abortion (74.3%) or neonatal death (66.7%) cases. The high seroprevalence of BTV recorded herein calls for control strategy to be implemented.

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A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Md Zulfekar Ali ◽

Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽

Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽

Muhammad Tariq Javed

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Winter Season ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Published Report ◽

Poultry Birds ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

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Demographic Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations Among Young Infants in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital, Fallujah City, Iraq

10.31487/j.gg.2020.01.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Samira T.Abdulghani ◽

Samira T.Abdulghani

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Young Infants ◽

History Of

Background: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries including our country. Registries and data on these anomalies are still primitive and poorly collated. In this study we aimed to assess the important demographic factors associated with the development of congenital anomalies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 880 infants in the 1st year of life registered in the birth defect unit in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital in the period between 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of December 2019. The prevalence rate, the pattern of anomalies and the factors associated with their occurrence were determined. Results: The prevalence rate of the group enrolled in this study was 31/1000 total births, congenital heart defects was the commonest followed by central nervous system anomalies, 58% of the infants were males, 65% had ≥ 2.5 kg birth weight & 95% were singletons. Family history of congenital anomalies was found in 31.25% of cases. The largest group of mothers (55.7%) were 21-30 years old & 92.5% of fathers were less than 45 years old. Parental consanguinity reported in 64.3% of the total cases. Only 4.5% of mothers reported history of fever during pregnancy, and none of them had history of exposure to x-ray or teratogenic drug use. Gestational hypertension was reported in 10% of the total (880) mothers, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 0.3%, while hepatitis C, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis and epilepsy, each was reported in only one mother (0.1% of the total). Regarding the outcome of pregnancy, 66.6% were live births, 24.2% were abortions and 9.2% were stillbirths. History of previous abortions was reported in 22% of cases. Urban residents accounted for 63% of the families of congenitally abnormal infants while 37% were rural. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are still a major cause for concern and tension in Fallujah society, there is serious need to establish a surveillance and good statistical system for congenital anomalies and efforts should be made to raise awareness of their occurrence and the associated risk factors in Iraq and other developing countries.

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Prevalence and determinant factors of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Marrakesh province, Morocco: A cross- sectional survey

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.3233/mnm-200517 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Soufiane El Moussaoui ◽

Kamal Kaoutar ◽

Ahmed Chetoui ◽

Abdeslam El Kardoudi ◽

Fatiha Chigr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Survey Report ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽

Breastfeeding Practice

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is the best form of nutrition for infants during the first 6 months of life. Nevertheless, the practice of breastfeeding is currently declining throughout the world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice and its associated factors among mothers living in Marrakesh province, Morocco. METHODS: The data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. RESULTS: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.2%. Mothers with age more than 30 years, residing in rural area, receiving counseling related breastfeeding during antenatal follow up and having knowledge about duration of breastfeeding were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than their counterparts. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of breastfeeding in Marrakesh was higher than the last national survey report but it is still insufficient. These findings have to stress authorities and deciders to sensitize mothers and future mothers to increase exclusive breastfeeding practice notably through the involvement of health professionals.

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Assessing Factors Associated with TB Awareness in Nepal: A National and Subnational Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5124

Author(s):

Yoko Iwaki ◽

Santosh Kumar Rauniyar ◽

Shuhei Nomura ◽

Michael C. Huang

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Regional Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Information And Communication ◽

High Level

Tuberculosis (TB) has still remained a serious global health threat in low- and middle-income countries in recent years. As of 2021, Nepal is one of the high TB burden countries, with an increasing prevalence of cases. This study evaluates factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. This study uses data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey carried out from June 2016 to January 2017. Multilevel logistic regression is performed to examine the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with TB awareness. Our findings show a high level of TB awareness in all seven provinces of Nepal. Province 5 has the highest level of awareness (98.1%) among all provinces, followed by provinces 3 and 4, while province 6 has the lowest awareness level (93.2%) compared to others. Socioeconomic factors such as wealth, education and owning a mobile phone are significantly associated with TB awareness. Socioeconomic determinants are influential factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. The wide variation in the proportion of awareness at a regional level emphasizes the importance of formulating tailored strategies to increase TB awareness. For instance, the use of mobile phones could be an effective strategy to promote TB awareness at a regional level. This study provides valuable evidence to support further research on the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) usage to improving TB awareness in Nepal.

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Utilization of denture adhesives and the factors associated with its use: a cross-sectional survey

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01177-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tun Min Bo ◽

Yohei Hama ◽

Norihisa Akiba ◽

Shunsuke Minakuchi

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Denture Adhesives

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Factors associated with postpartum women's knowledge, attitude and practice regarding human milk banks and milk donation: A cross-sectional survey

Midwifery ◽

10.1016/j.midw.2020.102837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 102837

Author(s):

Na Zhang ◽

Jun-Yan Li ◽

Xin-Wen Liu ◽

Yu-Lei Jiang ◽

Sharon R. Redding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Milk Banks ◽

Women's Knowledge ◽

Women’S Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

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Willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11174-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yehong Zhou ◽

Junjie Zhang ◽

Wenwen Wu ◽

Man Liang ◽

Qiang-Song Wu

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Safety ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Pharmacological Interventions ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Potential Factors ◽

To Receive

Abstract Background There are no pharmacological interventions currently available to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or to treat COVID-19. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 is essential to contain the pandemic. we conducted a cross-sectional survey of Shanghai residents to understand residents’ willingness to be vaccinated with any future COVID-19 vaccines and take measures to further improve vaccination coverage. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaires from 1 July to 8 September 2020. The main outcome was willingness of participants, and any children or older individuals living with them, to receive future COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore potential factors associated with vaccination willingness. Results A total of 1071 participants were asked about their willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines, for themselves and at least 747 children and 375 older individuals (≥60 years old) living with them. The highest proportion of expected willingness to vaccinate was among participants (88.6%), followed by children (85.3%) and older individuals (84.0%). The main reasons for reluctance to vaccinate among 119 participants were doubts regarding vaccine safety (60.0%) and efficacy (28.8%). Participants with a self-reported history of influenza vaccination were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines for themselves [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–2.82], their children (adjusted OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.30–3.33), and older individuals in their household (adjusted OR = 2.12; 95%CI: 1.14–3.99). Participants with older individuals in their families were less willing to vaccinate themselves (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.40–0.87) and their children (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.38–0.89). Conclusions Participants were more reluctant to accept COVID-19 vaccines for older individuals living with them. The presence of older individuals in the home also affected willingness of participants and their children to be vaccinated.

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