scholarly journals Effect of Religiosity and Dysfunctional Dating Attitudes on Youth Substance Use

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Teten Tharp ◽  
C. Nathan DeWall ◽  
Stephanie B. Richman ◽  
Rita K. Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Past Work

The current investigation examined the interactive effect of dysfunctional dating attitudes and religiosity on substance use in a large sample of youth (N=1,357) from theYouthStylessurvey. Based on past research, we explored the possibility that religiosity buffered the association between dysfunctional dating attitudes and substance use. Because age was significantly associated with all study variables, we included age in our analyses. In support of our hypothesis we found an attitude by religiosity by age interaction among youth with moderate levels of dysfunctional dating attitudes. Among these youth, the buffering effect of religiosity increased with age. For youth with low and high dysfunctional dating attitudes, religiosity did not buffer the association. The results of this study are in line with past work that suggests that the association between relationship characteristics and substance use is complex. It also identifies religiosity as a protective factor for the effect of dating attitudes on substance use but suggests that these effects may be the most important for youth with moderate levels of dysfunctional dating attitudes.

scholarly journals Meaning Matters: Self-Perceived Meaning in Life, Its Predictors and Psychological Stressors Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ashley Humphrey ◽  
Olivia Vari
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
The Impact

Past research has found that a perceived meaning in life can act as a protective factor against adverse mental health symptomology, while also providing coping resources to buffer against the impact of negative life events. The current research investigated how the impact of self-perceived meaning in life as well as its predictors interact with stressors and worry related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected survey based data (n = 260) from Australian participants during the pandemic, measuring their meaning in life, orientation to differing life goals and COVID-19 related stressors via the impact of events scale. We found that meaning in life predicted less stress and worry associated with COVID-19. We also found that intrinsic based aspirations related positively to meaning in life within this context whereas extrinsic based goals related negatively to it, although these aspirations were not significant in reducing the stressors associated with COVID-19. These results reinforce past findings that meaning in life can effectively buffer against the impact of negative life events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. They also suggest that intrinsic based aspirations centred on relationships and self-acceptance may be an important mechanism in how people choose to pursue life meaning during uncertain life events.

scholarly journals Increases in social support co-occur with decreases in depressive symptoms and substance use problems among adults in permanent supportive housing: an 18-month longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengqi Tan ◽  
Eun-Young Mun ◽  
Uyen-Sa D. T. Nguyen ◽  
Scott T. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Social support is a well-known protective factor against depressive symptoms and substance use problems, but very few studies have examined its protective effects among residents of permanent supportive housing (PSH), a housing program for people with a history of chronic homelessness. We utilized unconditional latent growth curve models (LGCMs) and parallel process growth models to describe univariate trajectories of social support, depressive symptoms, and substance use problems and to examine their longitudinal associations in a large sample of adults residing in PSH. Methods Participants were 653 adult PSH residents in North Texas (56% female; 57% Black; mean age: 51 years) who participated in a monthly health coaching program from 2014 to 2017. Their health behaviors were assessed at baseline and tracked every six months at three follow-up visits. Results Unconditional LGCMs indicated that over time, social support increased, whereas depressive symptoms and substance use problems decreased. However, their rates of change slowed over time. Further, in parallel process growth models, we found that at baseline, individuals with greater social support tended to have less severe depressive symptoms and substance use problems (coefficients: − 0.67, p < 0.01; − 0.52, p < 0.01, respectively). Individuals with a faster increase in social support tended to have steeper rates of reduction in both depressive symptoms (coefficient: − 0.99, p < 0.01) and substance use problems (coefficient: − 0.98, p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that plausibly, increases in social support, though slowing over time, still positively impact depressive symptoms and substance use problems among PSH residents. Future PSH programs could emphasize social support as an early component as it may contribute to clients’ overall health.

scholarly journals Buffering effect of religiosity for adolescent substance use.

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ashby Wills ◽  
Alison M. Yaeger ◽  
James M. Sandy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Buffering Effect

scholarly journals Predicting Gambling Situations: The Roles of Impulsivity, Substance Use, and Post Traumatic Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Grubbs ◽  
Heather Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gambling Behaviors ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Post Traumatic

Gambling disorder and symptoms of post-traumatic stress are highly comorbid. Numerous studies suggest that the presence of one (either disordered gambling or post-traumatic stress) substantially increases the odds of later developing the other. However, little is known about the etiological links between these two domains or the nuances of the comorbidity. Past research has suggested that symptoms of post-traumatic stress might be related to unique motivations for and beliefs about gambling. The present work sought to examine whether or not symptoms of post-traumatic stress might also be related to specific situational vulnerabilities to gambling behaviors. Using a large cross-sectional sample of internet-using adults in the U.S. who were primarily recreational gamblers (N = 589; 43% men, Mage = 36.1, SD = 11.0), as well as an inpatient sample of U.S. Armed Forces veterans seeking treatment for gambling disorder (N = 332, 80% men, Mage = 53.5, SD = 11.5), the present work tested whether or not symptoms of post-traumatic stress were uniquely related to a variety of gambling situations. Results in both samples revealed that, even when controlling for potentially confounding variables (e.g., substance use and trait impulsivity), symptoms of post-traumatic stress were uniquely related to gambling in response to negative affect, gambling in response to social pressure, and gambling due to a need for excitement. These findings are consistent with recent work suggesting that individuals with post-traumatic stress symptoms are more likely to engage in gambling behaviors for unique reasons that differ from gamblers without such symptoms.

What Can Help? Examining Levels of Substance (Non)use as a Protective Factor in the Effect of ACEs on Crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Jonathan Intravia ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Although the deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offending has been established, less is known about the possible protective factors that may buffer this relationship. Using a sample of over 28,000 adjudicated delinquents from a large southern state, the current study investigated the role of substance (non)use on the relationship between ACEs and recidivism and whether these results differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Results illustrate that ACEs increase the likelihood of recidivism among youth who engaged in moderate-to-high substance use. However, this effect was not found among youth who reported little-to-no substance use. Furthermore, these effects were largely consistent across race/ethnicity and sex. Policy implications of this buffering effect are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.

Gender and contituity on alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among young people / Genero y continuidad en el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis en jóvenes

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Muñoz-Rivas ◽  
José Manuel Andreu ◽  
Patricia Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
High Level

En el presente trabajo se analiza el consumo de alcohol en sus diversas formas (cerveza, vino, licores y combinados), tabaco y cannabis en una amplia muestra de 4.034 jóvenes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años pertenecientes a la Comunidad de Madrid. Se confirma un elevado uso habitual de todas las sustancias de análisis siendo los varones los que consumencerveza en mayor porcentaje que las mujeres y son éstas las que realizan un consumo mucho más mayoritario de otras, como el tabaco. Para el total de la muestra de estudio, la edad de comienzo en el consumo se sitúa alrededor de 13-14 años en ambos sexos a excepción del uso habitual del vino y cannabis en el que las mujeres se incorporan más tarde que los varones. Finalmente, se analiza la continuidad en el consumo una vez iniciado éste y se comprueba nuevamente el poder adictivo de las sustancias analizadas puesto que el porcentaje de consumidore habituales en ambos sexos se incrementa significativamente con la edad. AbstractThis work analyzes the consumption of alcohol in its diverse forms(beer, wine, liquor, and cocktails), tobacco, and cannabis in a large sample of 4,034 youths of both sexes, ages between 14 and 18 years old, from the Community of Madrid. The high level of habitual use of all the substances analyzed was confirmed, with a higher percentage of men consuming beer than women, and womenconsuming much more of other substances, such as tobacco, than men. For the entire sample, the initiation age of substance use was around 13-14 years old in both sexes, except for the regular use of wine and cannabis, in which the women started later than the men. Lastly, once initiated, consumption continuity was analyzed and once again the addictive power of the substances analyzed was confirmed, as the percentage of habitual consumers in both sexes increased significantly with age.

scholarly journals S201. HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELD VOLUMES AND CHANGE IN BODY MASS OVER 12 MONTHS OF TREATMENT IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S114-S115
Author(s):  
Stéfan Du Plessis ◽  
Hilmar Luckhoff ◽  
Sanja Kilian ◽  
Laila Asmal ◽  
Frederika Scheffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Subfields ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Background In this study, we explored the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and change in body mass over 12 months of treatment in 90 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients (66 males, 24 females; mean age= 24.7±6.8 years). Methods Body mass index was assessed in patients at baseline, and at months 3, 6, 9 and 12. Hippocampal subfields of interest were assessed using a segmentation algorithm included in the FreeSurfer 6.0 software program. Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant interactive effect between sex and anterior hippocampus size as a predictor of change in body mass over 12 months, adjusting for age, substance use, treatment duration, and posterior hippocampal volumes. In an exploratory sub-analysis, partial correlations revealed a significant association between weight gain and smaller CA1, CA3 and subiculum volumes in females, but not males, adjusting for age and substance use, with similar trends evident for the CA4 and presubiculum subfields. Discussion In conclusion, our findings suggest that smaller anterior hippocampal subfields are associated with the development of weight gain over the course of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a sex-specific fashion, and may partly explain the more severe and ongoing increase in body mass evident for female patients.

scholarly journals Transformative experience and social connectedness mediate the mood-enhancing effects of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 2338-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Forstmann ◽  
Daniel A. Yudkin ◽  
Annayah M. B. Prosser ◽  
S. Megan Heller ◽  
Molly J. Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Positive Effects

Past research suggests that use of psychedelic substances such as LSD or psilocybin may have positive effects on mood and feelings of social connectedness. These psychological effects are thought to be highly sensitive to context, but robust and direct evidence for them in a naturalistic setting is scarce. In a series of field studies involving over 1,200 participants across six multiday mass gatherings in the United States and the United Kingdom, we investigated the effects of psychedelic substance use on transformative experience, social connectedness, and positive mood. This approach allowed us to test preregistered hypotheses with high ecological validity and statistical precision. Controlling for a host of demographic variables and the use of other psychoactive substances, we found that psychedelic substance use was significantly associated with positive mood—an effect sequentially mediated by self-reported transformative experience and increased social connectedness. These effects were particularly pronounced for those who had taken psychedelic substances within the last 24 h (compared to the last week). Overall, this research provides robust evidence for positive affective and social consequences of psychedelic substance use in naturalistic settings.

New Effect Sizes for Tests of Categorical Moderation and Differential Prediction

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Nye ◽  
Paul R. Sackett
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Differential Prediction ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Large Databases

Moderator hypotheses involving categorical variables are prevalent in organizational and psychological research. Despite their importance, current methods of identifying and interpreting these moderation effects have several limitations that may result in misleading conclusions about their implications. This issue has been particularly salient in the literature on differential prediction where recent research has suggested that these limitations have had a significant impact on past research. To help address these issues, we propose several new effect size indices that provide additional information about categorical moderation analyses. The advantages of these indices are then illustrated in two large databases of respondents by examining categorical moderation in the prediction of psychological well-being and the extent of differential prediction in a large sample of job incumbents.

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