scholarly journals Improving Location Prediction by Exploring Spatial-Temporal-Social Ties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wen ◽  
Xia Shi-xiong ◽  
Liu Feng ◽  
Zhang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Location Prediction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Location Based Social Network ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Division

As there is great differences of movement patterns and social correlation between weekdays and weekends, we propose a fallback social-temporal-hierarchic Markov model (FSTHM) to predict individual’s future location. The division of weekdays and weekends is used to decompose the original state of traditional Markov model into two different states and distinguish the difference of the strength of social ties on weekdays and weekends. Except for the time division, the distribution of the visit time for each state is also considered to improve the predictive performance. In addition, in order to best suit the characteristics of Markov model, we introduce the modified cross-sample entropy to quantify the similarities between the individual and his friends. The experiments based on real location-based social network show the FSTHM model gives a 9% improvement over the Markov model and 2% improvement over the social Markov models which use cosine similarity or mutual information to measure the social correlation.

scholarly journals A Study of the Understated Violence Within Social Contexts Against Adolescent Girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Shivangi Nigam ◽  
Niranjana Soperna
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Violence against women is linked to their disadvantaged position in the society. It is rooted in unequal power relationships between men and women in society and is a global problem which is not limited to a specific group of women in society. An adolescent girl’s life is often accustomed to the likelihood of violence, and acts of violence exert additional power over girls because the stigma of violence often attaches more to a girl than to the  perpetrator. The experience of violence is distressing at the individual emotional and physical level. The field of research and programmes for adolescent girls has traditionally focused on sexuality, reproductive health, and behaviour, neglecting the broader social issues that underpin adolescent girls’ human rights, overall development, health, and well-being. This paper is an endeavour to address the understated or disguised form of violence which the adolescent girls experience within the social contexts. The parameters exposed under this research had been ignored to a large extent when it comes to studying the dimension of violence under the social domain. Hence, the researchers attempted to explore this camouflaged form of violence and discovered some specific parameters such as: Diminished Self Worth and Esteem, Verbal Abuse, Menstruation Taboo and Social Rigidity, Negligence of Medical and Health Facilities and Complexion- A Prime Parameter for Judging Beauty. The study was conducted in the districts of Haryana (India) where personal interviews were taken from both urban and rural adolescent girls (aged 13 to 19 years) based on  a structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the adolescent girls, both in urban as well as rural areas were quite affected with the above mentioned issues. In urban areas, however, due to the higher literacy rate, which resulted in more rational thinking, the magnitude was comparatively smaller, but the difference was still negligible.  

The difference model of disability: A change in direction for vocational rehabilitation practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Jonathon S. Breen ◽  
Susan Forwell
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Employment Goals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

AbstractVocational rehabilitation provides guidance and support to individuals with disabilities entering the workforce. Employment plans include considerations of goals, the job market, and pre-existing or trainable skills on the part of job seekers. This process also includes an understanding of the social forces that affect employment goals. Current models of disability include the medical, social, and embodiment models. Each is cognitively based and assumes an element of responsibility or blame, that is, respectively, focused on the individual with a disability, the community, or a combination of these two factors. The difference model of disability offers an alternative understanding of disability by providing an affect-based framework that eliminates the premise of blame. This conceptualization of disability provides a new approach to vocational rehabilitation.

The Social History of confession in the Age of the Reformation

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bossy
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Traditional Church ◽  
The Social ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

When I offered to read a paper on this subject, I had a particular hypothesis in mind. I thought—perhaps it would be more honest to say, I hoped—it would be possible to show that, during a period roughly contemporaneous with the Reformation, the practice of the sacrament of penance in the traditional church had undergone a change which was important in itself and of general historical interest. The change, I thought, could roughly be described as a shift from the social to the personal. To be more precise, I thought it possible that, for the average layman, and notably for the average rural layman in the pre-reformation church, the emphasis of the sacrament lay in its providing part of a machinery for the regulation and resolution of offences and conflicts otherwise likely to disturb the peace of a community. The effect of the Counter-Reformation (or whatever one calls it) was, I suspected, to shift the emphasis away from the field of objective social relations and into a field of interiorized discipline for the individual. The hypothesis may be thought an arbitrary one: we can but see. I think it will be admitted that, supposing it turned out to be correct, we should have learnt something worth knowing about the difference between the medieval and the counter-reformation church, and something about the difference between pre- and post-reformation European society. If if did not turn out to be correct, we might nevertheless expect to pick up some useful knowledge about something which is scarcely a staple of current historical discourse, though it threatens to become so.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI SOSIAL KOMUNITAS SAMIN DENGAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Village

Komunitas Samin merupakan bagian dari masyarakat desa Klopoduwur yang menganut dan mempertahankan ajaran Samin Surosentiko. Komunitas Samin mempunyai tata cara, adat istiadat, bahasa serta norma-norma yang berbeda dengan masyarakat pada umumnya. Dalam kajian ini penulis menjelaskan tentang bentuk interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar desa Klopoduwur, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi interaksi sosial antar komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat desa Klopoduwur dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam interaksi sosial. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar berupa kerja sama, akomodasi dan asimilasi. Sedangkan konflik atau pertentangan dalam interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan mayarakat sekitar desa Klopoduwur tidak tampak jelas. Interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, yakni situasi sosial, kekuasaan norma kelompok, tujuan pribadi, kedudukan dan kondisi individu serta penafsiran situasi. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam interaksi sosial antara komunitas Samin dengan masyarakat sekitar adalah perbedaan bahasa yang sulit dipahami oleh masyarakat sekitar,dan adanya perbedaan nilai antara kedua kelompok sosial tersebut.. Samin community is part of the village community Klopoduwur who embrace and defend the teachings of Surosentiko Samin. Samin community has ordinances, customs, language and norms that are different from society at large. In this study, the author describes forms of social interaction between Samin and their surrounding community in Klopoduwur village, factors that affect the social interaction and the obstacles they faced. The study results indicate that these forms of social interaction between the community of Samin and local residents take the form of cooperation, accommodation and assimilation. There are no conflicts or contradictions in the social interaction between the Samin community and their neighbours. Samin social interaction between communities and local residents affected by various factors, namely the social situation, the power of group norms, personal goals, status and condition of the individual as well as the interpretation of the situation. Constraints encountered in the social interaction between communities and local residents Samin is the difference in language, and the value difference between the two social groups.

scholarly journals Location prediction in location-based social networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Mucahit Baydar ◽  
Songul Albayrak
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
New Method ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Location Prediction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Location Based Social Network ◽  
Location Based Social Networks

AbstractDevelopments in mobile devices and wireless networks have led to the increasing popularity of location-based social networks. These networks allow users to explore new places, share their location, videos and photos and make friends. They give information about the mobility of users, which can be used to improve the networks. This paper studies the problem of predicting the next check-in of users of location-based social networks. For an accurate prediction, we first analyse the datasets that are obtained from the social networks, Foursquare and Gowalla. Then we obtain some features like place popularity, place popular time range, place distance to user’s home, user’s past visits, category preferences and friendships ,which are used for prediction and deeper understanding of the user behaviours. We use each feature individually, and then in combination, using the new method. Finally, we compare the acquired results and observe the improvement with the new method.Keywords: Location prediction, location-based social network, check-in data.

scholarly journals Flexible Specialization. Flexible Accumulation

Geografie ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
David Uhlíř
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Flexible Specialization ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flexible Accumulation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organization Of Production

This article deals with two theoretical concepts: flexible specialization and flexible accumulation. It starts with a very brief description of the changes in organization of production that occurred in the recent decades as a consequence of the 1970s and early 1980s crises. Their single most important characteristic is a great flexibility. Subsequently, the ways in which the two theories explain the changes themselves and their consequences are described in a more detailed manner. This includes reactions of the economic subjects involved, i.e. the state and the individual enterprises. Further on, the author aims to clarify the difference between two "flexible concepts" that are often misinterpreted in geographical literature. The distinction leads to an evaluation of the flexible specialization theory as an important contribution to the theories of regional development: on the other hand the flexible accumulation theorizes more generally the social and economic change. Several critical remarks concerning both theories are quoted in the last part of this article.

scholarly journals On the Difference of the Approaches of Searle and Durkheim to the Description of Social Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
A. A. Sanzhenakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the comparison of the social ontology of John Searle with the social theory of Emile Durkheim. It was shown that the approaches of Searle and Durkheim have a number of similar features. These common features are the rejection of reductionism of the collective to the individual, attention to language as one of the most important conditions of the emergence of social reality, the recognition of unawareness and automatism in accepting the rules of social interaction by its participants. However, there are certainly differences between the conceptions of Searle and Durkheim, and therefore the possibility of influence of analytic philosophy represented by Searle on social theory is obvious. As the basis from which this discrepancy arises, the author points to the understanding of science and the level of objectivity of scientific research that have changed since by the time of Searle.

scholarly journals Difficulties of Unitary Understanding of the Social Communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Oprea Valentin Buşu
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
System A ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The study aims to reveal the specific profile of social communication. This is achieved in two ways: by clarifying the difference between the individual and mass communication, and by highlighting the common characteristics of them. It emphasizes that by its psychological and social determinations, communication is reflected on individuals or groups of individuals with significant effects, depending on the occupied place by them within the communicational system. A fair, effective decision, can’t be taken only if the system and communication networks, are properly functioning. What is important in the end is the effectiveness of communication, or, in other words, if its message was properly understood by the interlocutor what will lead to the desired effect. The communication is a dynamic process which, once initiated, evoluates, is changing and changes people involved in the process. It is even said that we are what we are as a result of interactions of communication that we had along the life, which is certainly true as far as personality is the result of environment, education, experience, and communication is the way which they operate.

Lifestyle and Ageing

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Taylor ◽  
Graeme Ford
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definitions Of Life ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
British Study ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the nature, usage and potential of the concept of lifestyle. It concentrates on usage in social gerontology and specifically on the way in which it has been used by three teams of American researchers. Its overall aim is to discover guidelines for establishing the lifestyle concept on a sounder methodological footing.The paper begins with a discussion of diversity within the elderly population and it identifies the need for a systematic conceptual scheme for describing the social life of the individual. It examines the relationship between lifestyle and social class and concludes that they represent complementary rather than competing approaches. The paper goes on to explore three definitions of life-style - as structure, content and meaning - and compares and contrasts these three alternative approaches. The difference between ‘nominal’ and ‘real’ definitions is discussed and the paper ends with a summary account of the way in which the concept has been operationalized in a continuing British study.

Origin-Aware Location Prediction Based on Historical Vehicle Trajectories

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Qingjie Liu ◽  
Weiming Huang ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Yixuan Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Location Prediction ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Joint Prediction

Next location prediction is of great importance for many location-based applications and provides essential intelligence to various businesses. In previous studies, a common approach to next location prediction is to learn the sequential transitions with massive historical trajectories based on conditional probability. Nevertheless, due to the time and space complexity, these methods (e.g., Markov models) only utilize the just passed locations to predict next locations, neglecting earlier passed locations in the trajectory. In this work, we seek to enhance the prediction performance by incorporating the travel time from all the passed locations in the query trajectory to each candidate next location. To this end, we propose a novel prediction method, namely the Travel Time Difference Model, which exploits the difference between the shortest travel time and the actual travel time to predict next locations. Moreover, we integrate the Travel Time Difference Model with a Sequential and Temporal Predictor to yield a joint model. The joint prediction model integrates local sequential transitions, temporal regularity, and global travel time information in the trajectory for the next location prediction problem. We have conducted extensive experiments on two real-world datasets: the vehicle passage record data and the taxi trajectory data. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in prediction accuracy over baseline methods.

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