scholarly journals Gender Differences in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease and Sympathetic Ophthalmia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Wang ◽  
Chi-Chao Chan
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Sympathetic Ophthalmia ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Granulomatous Uveitis ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) and sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) are types of T-cell mediated autoimmune granulomatous uveitis. Although the two diseases share common clinical features, they have certain differences in gender predilections. VKH classically has been reported as more prevalent in females than males, yet some studies in Japan and China have not found differences in gender prevalence. Male patients have a higher risk of chorioretinal degeneration, vitiligo, and worse prognosis. Conversely, the changing levels of estrogen/progesterone during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle as well as higher levels of TGF-βshow a protective role in females. Potential causes of female predilection for VKH are associated with HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles. SO, a bilateral granulomatous uveitis, occurs in the context of one eye after a penetrating injury due to trauma or surgery. In contrast to the female dominance in VKH, males are more frequently affected by SO due to a higher incidence of ocular injury, especially during wartime. However, no gender predilection of SO has been reported in postsurgical cases. No clinically different manifestations are revealed between males and females in SO secondary to either ocular trauma or surgery. The potential causes of the gender difference may provide hints on future treatment and disease evaluation.

scholarly journals HLA-DPB1*03 as Risk Allele and HLA-DPB1*04 as Protective Allele for Both Early- and Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in a Hellenic Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anagnostouli ◽  
Artemios Artemiadis ◽  
Maria Gontika ◽  
Charalampos Skarlis ◽  
Nikolaos Markoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Protective Allele ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Hla Dq

Background: Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) represent the genetic loci most strongly linked to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Apart from HLA-DR and HLA–DQ, HLA-DP alleles have been previously studied regarding their role in MS pathogenesis, but to a much lesser extent. Our objective was to investigate the risk/resistance influence of HLA-DPB1 alleles in Hellenic patients with early- and adult-onset MS (EOMS/AOMS), and possible associations with the HLA-DRB1*15:01 risk allele. Methods: One hundred MS-patients (28 EOMS, 72 AOMS) fulfilling the McDonald-2010 criteria were enrolled. HLA genotyping was performed with standard low-resolution Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide techniques. Demographics, clinical and laboratory data were statistically processed using well-defined parametric and nonparametric methods and the SPSSv22.0 software. Results: No significant HLA-DPB1 differences were found between EOMS and AOMS patients for 23 distinct HLA-DPB1 and 12 HLA-DRB1 alleles. The HLA-DPB1*03 allele frequency was found to be significantly increased, and the HLA-DPB1*02 allele frequency significantly decreased, in AOMS patients compared to controls. The HLA-DPB1*04 allele was to be found significantly decreased in AOMS and EOMS patients compared to controls. Conclusions: Our study supports the previously reported risk susceptibility role of the HLA-DPB1*03 allele in AOMS among Caucasians. Additionally, we report for the first time a protective role of the HLA-DPB1*04 allele among Hellenic patients with both EOMS and AOMS.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Anna Carrano ◽  
Juan Jose Juarez ◽  
Diego Incontri ◽  
Antonio Ibarra ◽  
Hugo Guerrero Cazares
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Outcome Differences

Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to incidence and outcome. Little is known about sex differences in GBM at the disease phenotype and genetical/molecular level. This review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of GBM, including hormones, metabolic pathways, the immune system, and molecular changes, along with differences between men and women and how these dimorphisms affect disease outcome. The information analyzed in this review shows a greater incidence and worse outcome in male patients with GBM compared with female patients. We highlight the protective role of estrogen and the upregulation of androgen receptors and testosterone having detrimental effects on GBM. Moreover, hormones and the immune system work in synergy to directly affect the GBM microenvironment. Genetic and molecular differences have also recently been identified. Specific genes and molecular pathways, either upregulated or downregulated depending on sex, could potentially directly dictate GBM outcome differences. It appears that sexual dimorphism in GBM affects patient outcome and requires an individualized approach to management considering the sex of the patient, especially in relation to differences at the molecular level.

First report on the antibody verification of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and HLA-DP epitopes recorded in the HLA Epitope Registry

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1097-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene J. Duquesnoy ◽  
Marilyn Marrari ◽  
Anat R. Tambur ◽  
Arend Mulder ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Demes da Mata Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Report ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Hla Dq

scholarly journals Cytokines in chronic inflammatory arthritis. IV. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated induction of class II MHC antigen on human monocytes: a possible role in rheumatoid arthritis.

1989 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Alvaro-Gracia ◽  
N J Zvaifler ◽  
G S Firestein
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Class Ii Mhc ◽  
Hla Dq

Granulocyte/macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) has recently been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial effusions. To study a potential role for GM-CSF and other cytokines on the induction of HLA-DR expression on monocytes and synovial macrophages, we analyzed the relative ability of recombinant human cytokines to induce the surface expression of class II MHC antigens on normal peripheral blood monocytes by FACS analysis. GM-CSF (800 U/ml) (mean fluorescence channel 2.54 +/- 0.33 times the control, p less than 0.001) and IFN-gamma (100 U/ml) (5.14 +/- 0.60, p less than 0.001) were the most potent inducers of HLA-DR. TNF-alpha and IL-4 also increased HLA-DR expression, although to a lesser degree [1.31 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.02) and 1.20 +/- 0.03 (p less than 0.01), respectively]. IL-1 (40 U/ml), IL-2 (10 ng/ml), IL-3 (50 U/ml), IL-6 (100 U/ml), and CSF-1 (1,000 U/ml) did not affect surface HLA-DR density. GM-CSF also increased HLA-DR mRNA expression and surface HLA-DQ expression, but decreased CD14 (a monocyte/macrophage antigen) expression. The effect of GM-CSF on HLA-DR was not mediated by the generation of IFN-gamma in vitro because it was not blocked by anti-IFN-gamma mAb. GM-CSF was additive with IL-4 and low amounts (less than 3 U/ml) of IFN-gamma and synergistic with TNF-alpha. Because we have recently reported that supernatants of cultured RA synovial cells produce a non-IFN-gamma factor that induces HLA-DR on monocytes, we then attempted to neutralize this factor with specific anti-GM-CSF mAb. Four separate synovial tissue supernatants were studied, and the antibody neutralized the HLA-DR-inducing factor in each (p less than 0.01).

Hlamatchmaker-based determination of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ compatibility at the structural level

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. S36
Author(s):  
Medhat Z. Askar ◽  
Rene J. Duquesnoy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Level ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Hla Dq

scholarly journals 3D pelvimetry and biometric measurements: a surgical perspective for colorectal resections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lorenzon ◽  
Fabiano Bini ◽  
Federica Landolfi ◽  
Serena Quinzi ◽  
Genoveffa Balducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Pelvic Inlet ◽  
Pelvic Shape ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Narrow Pelvis ◽  
Inlet Angle ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Colorectal Resections

Abstract Purpose Male sex, high BMI, narrow pelvis, and bulky mesorectum were acknowledged as clinical variables correlated with a difficult pelvic dissection in colorectal surgery. This paper aimed at comparing pelvic biometric measurements in female and male patients and at providing a perspective on how pelvimetry segmentation may help in visualizing mesorectal distribution. Methods A 3D software was used for segmentation of DICOM data of consecutive patients aged 60 years, who underwent elective abdominal CT scan. The following measurements were estimated: pelvic inlet, outlet, and depth; pubic tubercle height; distances from the promontory to the coccyx and to S3/S4; distance from S3/S4 to coccyx’s tip; ischial spines distance; pelvic tilt; offset angle; pelvic inlet angle; angle between the inlet/sacral promontory/coccyx; angle between the promontory/coccyx/pelvic outlet; S3 angle; and pelvic inlet to pelvic depth ratio. The measurements were compared in males and females using statistical analyses. Results Two-hundred patients (M/F 1:1) were analyzed. Out of 21 pelvimetry measurements, 19 of them documented a significant mean difference between groups. Specifically, female patients had a significantly wider pelvic inlet and outlet but a shorter pelvic depth, and promontory/sacral/coccyx distances, resulting in an augmented inlet/depth ratio when comparing with males (p < 0.0001). The sole exceptions were the straight conjugate (p = 0.06) and S3 angle (p = 0.17). 3D segmentation provided a perspective of the mesorectum distribution according to the pelvic shape. Conclusion Significant differences in the structure of pelvis exist in males and females. Surgeons must be aware of the pelvic shape when approaching the rectum.

scholarly journals Sympathetic Ophthalmia : A Blinding Complication of Ocular Injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (158) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Sympathetic Ophthalmia ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Ocular Complication ◽  
Good Vision

Sympathetic Ophthalmia is a rare and blinding ocular complication due to ocular injury. This condition in amale patient aged 25 years, is reported. The role of early recognition and management of this condition topreserve good vision is discussed.Key Words: Sympathetic ophthalmia, granulomatous panuveitis, ocular injury.

scholarly journals Somatic genetics of CDR3 control TCR V-domain rotational probability and germline CDR2 scanning of polymorphic MHC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Murray
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Relative Affinity

Abstract The mechanism which adapts the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) within a given major histocompatibility complex (MHC/HLA) genotype is essential for protection against pathogens. Historically attributed to relative affinity, genetically vast TCRs are surprisingly focused towards a micromolar affinity for their respective peptide (p) plus MHC (pMHC) ligands. Thus, the somatic diversity of the TCR with respect to MHC-restriction, and (ultimately) to pathogens, remains enigmatic. Here, we derive a triple integral solution (from fixed geometry) for any given V domain in TCR bound to pMHC. Solved complexes involving HLA-DR and HLA-DQ, where genetic linkage to the TCR is most profound, were examined in detail. Certain V domains displayed rare geometry within this panel—specifying a restricted rotational probability/volumetric density (dV). Remarkably, hydrogen (H) bond charge-relays distinguished these structures from the others; suggesting that CDR3 binding chemistry dictates CDR2 contacts on the opposite MHC-II alpha helix. Together, these data suggest that TCR recapitulate dV and specialise target pMHC recognition, i.e., a dynamics alternative to a relative TCR-affinity based mechanism.

scholarly journals Sequential loss of CD34 and class II MHC antigens on purified cord blood hematopoietic progenitors cultured with IL-3: characterization of CD34-, HLA-DR+ cells

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Caux ◽  
C Favre ◽  
S Saeland ◽  
V Duvert ◽  
P Mannoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Human Cord Blood ◽  
Mhc Antigens ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Class Ii Mhc ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Class Ii Mhc Antigens ◽  
Cd34 Expression

Abstract The expression of class II MHC and CD34 antigens on human cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) was investigated upon culturing in the presence of interleukin-3 (IL-3). HPC isolated by “panning” according to their expression of CD34 coexpressed HLA-DR and HLA-DP, and the majority of the CD34+ HPC also expressed HLA-DQ. In the presence of IL-3, the expression of CD34 and class II MHC antigens was found to be gradually lost in culture. Loss of CD34 expression preceded loss of HLA-DR expression. After eight days of culture, CD34-, HLA-DR+ blast cells were obtained that strongly proliferated in response to IL- 3, GM-CSF, G-CSF, and M-CSF, and that had the capacity to generate macrophage and granulocyte colonies. After ten days of culture in IL-3, a population of CD34- cells that expressed low levels of HLA-DR (HLA- DRlo) was obtained by FACS-sorting. These CD34-, HLA-DRlo cells lacked colony-forming activity while the population expressing high levels of HLA-DR (HLA-DRhi) contained great numbers of colony-forming cells, and proliferated stronger in response to CSFs than the HLA-DRlo fraction. Finally CD34-, HLA-DR- cells that appeared later in the cultures (14 to 16 days) represented more differentiated cells with only marginal proliferative and no clonogenic capacity. These data indicate that whereas CD34 expression is associated with the multilineage potential of the HPC, HLA-DR expression correlates with overall proliferative capacity of hematopoietic cells during culture in IL-3.

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