scholarly journals 3D pelvimetry and biometric measurements: a surgical perspective for colorectal resections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lorenzon ◽  
Fabiano Bini ◽  
Federica Landolfi ◽  
Serena Quinzi ◽  
Genoveffa Balducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Pelvic Inlet ◽  
Pelvic Shape ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Narrow Pelvis ◽  
Inlet Angle ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Colorectal Resections

Abstract Purpose Male sex, high BMI, narrow pelvis, and bulky mesorectum were acknowledged as clinical variables correlated with a difficult pelvic dissection in colorectal surgery. This paper aimed at comparing pelvic biometric measurements in female and male patients and at providing a perspective on how pelvimetry segmentation may help in visualizing mesorectal distribution. Methods A 3D software was used for segmentation of DICOM data of consecutive patients aged 60 years, who underwent elective abdominal CT scan. The following measurements were estimated: pelvic inlet, outlet, and depth; pubic tubercle height; distances from the promontory to the coccyx and to S3/S4; distance from S3/S4 to coccyx’s tip; ischial spines distance; pelvic tilt; offset angle; pelvic inlet angle; angle between the inlet/sacral promontory/coccyx; angle between the promontory/coccyx/pelvic outlet; S3 angle; and pelvic inlet to pelvic depth ratio. The measurements were compared in males and females using statistical analyses. Results Two-hundred patients (M/F 1:1) were analyzed. Out of 21 pelvimetry measurements, 19 of them documented a significant mean difference between groups. Specifically, female patients had a significantly wider pelvic inlet and outlet but a shorter pelvic depth, and promontory/sacral/coccyx distances, resulting in an augmented inlet/depth ratio when comparing with males (p < 0.0001). The sole exceptions were the straight conjugate (p = 0.06) and S3 angle (p = 0.17). 3D segmentation provided a perspective of the mesorectum distribution according to the pelvic shape. Conclusion Significant differences in the structure of pelvis exist in males and females. Surgeons must be aware of the pelvic shape when approaching the rectum.

scholarly journals Increased body mass index percentile is associated with decreased epiphyseal tubercle size in asymptomatic children and adolescents with healthy hips

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Shayan Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Ata M. Kiapour ◽  
Daniel A. Maranho ◽  
Seyed Alireza Emami ◽  
Patricia Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
3D Software

Purpose To investigate whether body mass index (BMI) percentile impacts the morphology of the capital femoral epiphysis in children and adolescents without hip disorders. Methods We assessed 68 subjects with healthy hips who underwent a pelvic CT for evaluation of appendicitis. There were 32 male patients (47%) and the mean age was 11.6 years (sd 2.3). The BMI (k/m2) was calculated for sex- and age-related percentiles according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. CT images were segmented, and the epiphysis and metaphysis were reformatted using 3D software. We measured the epiphyseal tubercle (height, width and length), the metaphyseal fossa (depth, width and length) and the peripheral cupping of the epiphysis. All measurements were normalized to the diameter of the epiphysis. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the correlations between the variables measured and BMI percentile adjusted for age. Results Following adjustment to age, increased BMI correlated to decreased tubercle height (r =-0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.53 to -0.11; p = 0.005), decreased tubercle length (r = -0.32; 95%CI -0.52 to -0.09; p = 0.008) and decreased tubercle width (r = -0.3; 95% CI -0.5 to -0.07; p = 0.01). There was no correlation between BMI and metaphyseal fossa and epiphyseal cupping measurements. Conclusion The association between increased BMI percentile and decreased epiphyseal tubercle size, without changes of the metaphyseal fossa and peripheral cupping suggests another morphological change of the femur that may be associated with decreased growth plate resistance to shear stress. Further study is necessary to investigate whether the epiphyseal tubercle size plays a role in the pathogenesis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in obese children and adolescents. Level of Evidence Level IV

The concordance of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection between sexual partners, in the era of nucleic acid testing

Sexual Health ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Markos
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Strand Displacement ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Strand Displacement Amplification ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction: The rate of transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis, by infected males and females to their sexual partners, has been a matter of continued scientific interest and exploration. Methods: We examined the correlation of C. trachomatis infection in sexual partnerships, using Strand Displacement Amplification. Results: During July–November 2003, 97 male patients were reported positive for C. trachomatis. Fifty of the female sexual consorts were amenable for contact tracing, 38 of whom were identified as C. trachomatis positive. Within the same period, 93 female patients were C. trachomatis positive, and 56 male consorts were traceable, of whom 43 were positive for C. trachomatis. Conclusions: The concordance of C. trachomatis between sexual partners is in the region of 75%. This strengthens the case for epidemiological treatment for all consorts.

scholarly journals Prevalensi Atrioventrikular Blok di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode 2013 – 2014

e-CliniC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jery Wambrauw ◽  
Edmond L. Jim ◽  
Victor F. F. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Av Block ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Cardiology Clinic ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract: AV Block conduction is an abnormality in which the impulse from the atrium has a delayed conduction or no conduction at all to the ventricle. This abnormality is classified as AV Block first degree, second degree, and third degree, depending on the severity of the abnormality. This was a descriptive retrospective study using second data as the reference. This study was aimed to obtain the prevalence of atrioventricular block at Cardiology Clinic Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during 2013 – 2014. The results showed that of 40 patients, the highest percentage of cases had third degree AV block (21 patients; 53%), age group of 70-79 years (33%). Based on gender, there was the same number of cases of males and females, but the classification based on the degree of AV block showed that there were more male patients diagnosed as AV block first degree while there were more female patients diagnosed as third degree AV block. Hypertension was commonly found in the patients diagnosed as AV block as many as 18 patients (27%). Based on the chief complaint, most had difficulty of breathing (28%). However, each degree of the AV block had varied chief complaints and different kind of therapy. Based on the management, 77% of the patients had medical therapy with different kinds of medication.Keywords: AV block Abstrak: Blok konduksi AV merupakan kelainan yang mana impuls dari atrium dikonduksikan terlambat atau bahkan tidak dikonduksikan sama sekali ke ventrikel. Kelainan ini diklasifikasikan sebagai blok AV derajat satu, dua, dan tiga, tergantung pada keparahan abnormalitasnya. Penelitian dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi blokade atrio-ventrikular di poli jantung RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama selang waktu 2013 – 2014. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder sebagai acuan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan dari 40 pasien, terbanyak ditemukan ialah AV blok derajat III (21 pasien; 53%); kelompok usia 70-79 tahun (33%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin didapatkan jumlah yang sama antara pasien laki-laki dan perempuan, namun dalam pembagian berdasarkan derajat AV blok didapatkan pasien laki-laki lebih banyak dengan diagnosis AV blok derajat I sedangkan perempuan lebih banyak pada AV blok derajat III. Penyakit penyerta terbanyak ditemukan ialah hipertensi (18 pasien; 27%). Berdasarkan keluhan penyerta pada pasien AV blok terbanyak ditemukan ialah sesak nafas (28%) namun untuk masing-masing derajat AV blok keluhan yang paling sering dialami berbeda-beda, dan berdasarkan penatalaksanaan yang diberikan 77% pasien di terapi dengan obat-obatan.Kata kunci: AV blok

Musicians’ Cramp: Instrumental and Gender Differences

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Vanessa K Lim ◽  
Eckart Altenmüller
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Brass Instruments ◽  
Task Specificity ◽  
Percussion Instruments ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Music Physiology ◽  
And Gender

Musicians’ cramp is a disorder characterized by its task specificity and gender bias; male musicians have a higher prevalence of this disorder than females. Previous epidemiological studies on musicians’ cramp have demonstrated that certain instrumental groups are more prone to develop this disorder than others. These studies, however, have not accounted for the gender distribution in healthy musicians. Therefore, the current study investigated 2,661 healthy musicians collected from eight music conservatories within Germany. These controls were compared with 183 patients (154 males) with musicians’ cramp in an outpatient clinic at the Institute for Music Physiology and Music Medicine (IMMM), Hannover, Germany (1994-2000). Comparisons between groups (musicians’ cramp and controls) were made for gender and instrumental groups (keyboard, strings, woodwind, brass, plucking, and percussion). Results were consistent with earlier studies suggesting that particular instrumental groups were more at risk for developing musicians’ cramp than others. When gender was not a factor, both woodwind and plucking (guitar) instrumentalists were more likely to develop musicians’ cramp, while musicians playing string and percussion instruments were less likely to develop musicians’ cramp. Musicians playing keyboard and brass instruments were not significantly different than expected. When gender was included in the analyses, the following pattern was revealed: the number of male patients with musicians’ cramp was greater than expected, even when the number of healthy male musicians was accounted for; the opposite was found for female patients. Furthermore, when gender was also included in the instrumental analyses, male musicians were more likely to have musicians’ cramp than females in keyboard, string, woodwind, and plucking instruments. The only instrumental group without a gender bias for symptoms were the brass instruments. These results suggest that male musicians are more likely to develop musicians’ cramp within certain instrumental groups, and may reflect a general predisposition for male musicians to develop this disorder. The ages at onset of symptoms were not different between the males and females in this sample. The current study demonstrates a clear association between gender, instrumental groups, and the presentation of dystonic symptoms.

Hypochondriacal Concerns and Attitudes toward Illness in Males and Females

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Hernandez ◽  
Robert Kellner
Keyword(s):  
Family Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
The Family ◽  
Attitude Scales ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females

Objective: To review the published studies on the sex distribution of hypochondriasis, and to examine sex differences in hypochondriacal concerns and in attitudes toward illness. Method: The Illness Attitude Scales, Factors 2 and 3 of the Whiteley Index and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were administered to fifty randomly-selected female family practice patients ages eighteen to sixty-five, and to male patients matched by age in decades. From a pool of 130 consecutive nonpsychotic psychiatric outpatients, fifty females and fifty males were matched with the family practice patients. Results: Although females rated themselves as more depressed than males in both groups, there were no significant differences between the sexes in hypochondriacal fears and beliefs. Psychiatric male patients reported the most adverse effects of bodily symptoms on work and leisure. There were no other significant differences between the sexes in any of the other attitudes toward illness or symptoms. Hypochondriacal concerns were more common in the psychiatric patients than in the family practice patients of both sexes. Conclusion: The review of published studies on the sex distribution of hypochondriasis suggests that disease phobia is more common in females, except for the cardiophobic syndrome, which is more common in males. The other reported differences are inconsistent and appear to be caused by referral biases, varying diagnostic criteria, and cultural factors. In our study, we found no substantial differences between males and females in hypochondriacal concerns and attitudes toward illness.

scholarly journals Comparison of single-dose cefuroxime axetil with ciprofloxacin in treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2775-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Thorpe ◽  
J R Schwebke ◽  
E W Hook ◽  
A Rompalo ◽  
W M McCormack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Cefuroxime Axetil ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Uncomplicated Gonorrhea

A randomized, multicenter, investigator-blind trial was conducted to compare the efficacies of cefuroxime axetil and ciprofloxacin for treatment of patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG). A total of 832 patients (434 females and 398 males) received a single oral dose of cefuroxime axetil (1,000 mg [417 patients]) or ciprofloxacin (500 mg [415 patients]). N. gonorrhoeae was eradicated from the cervix in 114 of 118 (97%) and 118 of 119 (99%) bacteriologically evaluable females treated with cefuroxime axetil and ciprofloxacin, respectively (P = 0.213; difference, -2%; 95% confidence interval, -6 to 1%), and from the urethra in 154 of 166 (93%) and 171 of 171 (100%) bacteriologically evaluable male patients treated with cefuroxime axetil and ciprofloxacin, respectively (P < 0.001; difference, -7%; 95% confidence interval, -11 to -3%). Both treatments were effective in eradicating N. gonorrhoeae in females with rectal infections (cefuroxime axetil, 29 of 30 [97%]; ciprofloxacin, 25 of 25 [100%]; P = 1.00). In small numbers of patients, cefuroxime axetil was less effective than ciprofloxacin in treating males with pharyngeal infections (eradication in 4 of 10 and in 8 of 8 patients, respectively; P = 0.013). PPNG was eradicated from the cervix in 22 of 23 (96%) and 32 of 32 (100%) bacteriologically evaluable female patients treated with cefuroxime axetil and ciprofloxacin, respectively (P = 0.418; difference, -4%; 95% confidence interval, -13 to 4%), and from the urethra in 35 of 36 (97%) and 34 of 34 (100%) bacteriologically evaluable male patients treated with cefuroxime axetil and ciprofloxacin, respectively (P = 1.00; difference, -3%; 95% confidence interval, -8 to 3%). The incidences of drug-related adverse events were similar for the two study drugs. In summary, treatment with a single oral dose of cefuroxime axetil is as effective as treatment with a single oral dose of ciprofloxacin in eradicating PPNG from males and females with uncomplicated gonorrhea (urethral and endocervical), and both regimens are well-tolerated. However, in the present study, cefuroxime axetil was less effective than ciprofloxacin in treating urethral gonococcal infections in male patients, although both study drugs were highly effective in treating cervical gonococcal infections in female patients.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease and Sympathetic Ophthalmia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Wang ◽  
Chi-Chao Chan
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Sympathetic Ophthalmia ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Granulomatous Uveitis ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) and sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) are types of T-cell mediated autoimmune granulomatous uveitis. Although the two diseases share common clinical features, they have certain differences in gender predilections. VKH classically has been reported as more prevalent in females than males, yet some studies in Japan and China have not found differences in gender prevalence. Male patients have a higher risk of chorioretinal degeneration, vitiligo, and worse prognosis. Conversely, the changing levels of estrogen/progesterone during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle as well as higher levels of TGF-βshow a protective role in females. Potential causes of female predilection for VKH are associated with HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles. SO, a bilateral granulomatous uveitis, occurs in the context of one eye after a penetrating injury due to trauma or surgery. In contrast to the female dominance in VKH, males are more frequently affected by SO due to a higher incidence of ocular injury, especially during wartime. However, no gender predilection of SO has been reported in postsurgical cases. No clinically different manifestations are revealed between males and females in SO secondary to either ocular trauma or surgery. The potential causes of the gender difference may provide hints on future treatment and disease evaluation.

scholarly journals Sex-bias in COVID-19: a meta-analysis and review of sex differences in disease and immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Peckham ◽  
Nina de Gruijter ◽  
Charles Raine ◽  
Anna Radziszewska ◽  
Coziana Ciurtin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Innate Antiviral Response

Abstract A striking anecdotal feature of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is the difference in morbidity and mortality between the sexes. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 206, 128 reported cases to demonstrate that whilst there is no difference in the proportion of males and females with confirmed COVID-19, male patients have more than double the odds of requiring intensive treatment unit admission (OR 2.5) and higher odds of death (OR 1.60) when compared to females. We review data revealing how previous Coronavirus outbreaks have demonstrated a similar pattern. Important differences in the immune response to infection exist between sexes, which are likely to contribute to this observation. In this review, we discuss these differences highlighting that females have a more robust innate antiviral response and a better adaptive immune response to infection. An appreciation of how sex is influencing COVID-19 outcomes will have important implications for clinical management and mitigation strategies for this disease.

scholarly journals Fertility in Cystinosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3539
Author(s):  
Ahmed Reda ◽  
Koenraad Veys ◽  
Martine Besouw
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Infantile Cystinosis ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Vitro Data ◽  
In Vitro Data

Cystinosis is a rare inheritable lysosomal storage disorder characterized by cystine accumulation throughout the body, chronic kidney disease necessitating renal replacement therapy mostly during adolescence, and multiple extra-renal complications. The majority of male cystinosis patients are infertile due to azoospermia, in contrast to female patients who are fertile. Over recent decades, the fertility status of male patients has evolved from a primary hypogonadism in the era before the systematic treatment with cysteamine to azoospermia in the majority of cysteamine-treated infantile cystinosis patients. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview on the available clinical, histopathological, animal, and in vitro data. We summarize current insights on both cystinosis males and females, and their clinical implications including the potential effect of cysteamine on fertility. In addition, we identify the remaining challenges and areas for future research.

scholarly journals Sex-based clinical and immunological differences in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Huang ◽  
Yun Cai ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Kening Li ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Early Medical Intervention ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign pathogens. However, most of the current COVID-19 clinical practices and trials do not take the sex factor into consideration. Methods We performed a sex-based comparative analysis for the clinical outcomes, peripheral immune cells, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) specific antibody levels of 1558 males and 1499 females COVID-19 patients from a single center. The lymphocyte subgroups were measured by Flow cytometry. The total antibody, Spike protein (S)-, receptor binding domain (RBD)-, and nucleoprotein (N)- specific IgM and IgG levels were measured by chemiluminescence. Results We found that male patients had approximately two-fold rates of ICU admission (4.7% vs. 2.7% in males and females, respectively, P = 0.005) and mortality (3% vs. 1.4%, in males and females, respectively, P = 0.004) than female patients. Survival analysis revealed that the male sex is an independent risk factor for death from COVID-19 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–3.6, P = 0.003). The level of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood was higher in males during hospitalization. The renal (102/1588 [6.5%] vs. 63/1499 [4.2%], in males and females, respectively, P = 0.002) and hepatic abnormality (650/1588 [40.9%] vs. 475/1499 [31.7%], P = 0.003) were more common in male patients than in female patients. By analyzing dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets after symptom onset, we found that the percentage of CD19+ B cells and CD4+ T cells was generally higher in female patients during the disease course of COVID-19. Notably, the protective RBD-specific IgG against SARS-CoV-2 sharply increased and reached a peak in the fourth week after symptom onset in female patients, while gradually increased and reached a peak in the seventh week after symptom onset in male patients. Conclusions Males had an unfavorable prognosis, higher inflammation, a lower percentage of lymphocytes, and indolent antibody responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery. Early medical intervention and close monitoring are important, especially for male COVID-19 patients.

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