scholarly journals Comparative and Developmental Anatomy of Cardiac Lymphatics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ratajska ◽  
G. Gula ◽  
A. Flaht-Zabost ◽  
E. Czarnowska ◽  
B. Ciszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Pulmonary Trunk ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
The Right

The role of the cardiac lymphatic system has been recently appreciated since lymphatic disturbances take part in various heart pathologies. This review presents the current knowledge about normal anatomy and structure of lymphatics and their prenatal development for a better understanding of the proper functioning of this system in relation to coronary circulation. Lymphatics of the heart consist of terminal capillaries of various diameters, capillary plexuses that drain continuously subendocardial, myocardial, and subepicardial areas, and draining (collecting) vessels that lead the lymph out of the heart. There are interspecies differences in the distribution of lymphatic capillaries, especially near the valves, as well as differences in the routes and number of draining vessels. In some species, subendocardial areas contain fewer lymphatic capillaries as compared to subepicardial parts of the heart. In all species there is at least one collector vessel draining lymph from the subepicardial plexuses and running along the anterior interventricular septum under the left auricle and further along the pulmonary trunk outside the heart and terminating in the right venous angle. The second collector assumes a different route in various species. In most mammalian species the collectors run along major branches of coronary arteries, have valves and a discontinuous layer of smooth muscle cells.

Professional ICT Knowledge, Epistemic Standards, and Social Epistemology

2012 ◽  
pp. 274-294
Author(s):  
Frederik Truyen ◽  
Filip Buekens
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Worker ◽  
Social Software ◽  
Corporate Context ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Organizational Procedures

Several co-evolving trends have impacted expectations of professional workers’ quality of knowledge. The abundance of information shared through the Internet, the ever-increasing specialization of tasks, the possibility of immediately accessible information through social networks, the participation of stakeholders in the social web, and the increased requirements for separation of duty in a corporate context have contributed to a situation where the current ‘knowledge worker’ is not expected to have the same level of readily available knowledge as before. This chapter describes this phenomenon in detail with a case study from ICT-expert jobs. It shows that an ICT manager can no longer overlook the work of collaborators, just by virtue of being the smartest employee around. He/she will increasingly rely on organizational procedures and professional standards to assess whether the right people - with the right competencies for the job – are at his/her disposal. After describing the specifics of professional knowledge for ICT experts and the role of social software plays in this, the chapter focuses on the epistemological aspects of ICT expertise. The authors discuss current strands of reliabilistic accounts for knowledge in relation to expertise. They show that besides reliability, it is accuracy that is needed in order to perform as an expert.

scholarly journals MiRNAs in the Peri-Implantation Period: Contribution to Embryo–Maternal Communication in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika M. Kaczmarek ◽  
Joanna Najmula ◽  
Maria M. Guzewska ◽  
Emilia Przygrodzka
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Implantation Period

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of noncoding RNAs, approximately 22 nucleotides long, which function as guide molecules in RNA silencing. Targeting most protein-coding transcripts, miRNAs are involved in nearly all developmental and pathophysiological processes in animals. To date, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in reproduction, such as fertilization, embryo development, implantation, and placenta formation, among others, have been demonstrated in numerous mammalian species, including domestic livestock such as pigs. Over the past years, it appeared that understanding the functions of miRNAs in mammalian reproduction can substantially improve our understanding of the biological challenges of successful reproductive performance. This review describes the current knowledge on miRNAs, specifically in relation to the peri-implantation period when the majority of embryonic mortality occurs in pigs. To present a broader picture of crucial peri-implantation events, we focus on the role of miRNA-processing machinery and miRNA–mRNA infarctions during the maternal recognition of pregnancy, leading to maintenance of the corpus luteum function and further embryo implantation. Furthermore, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-to-cell communication involving extracellular vesicles at the embryo–maternal interface in pigs. Finally, we discuss the potential of circulating miRNAs to serve as indicators of ongoing embryo–maternal crosstalk.

scholarly journals P255 A fall from the tractor: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Habjan ◽  
D Cantisani ◽  
I S Scarfo` ◽  
V Avitabile ◽  
F Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Trunk ◽  
Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are rare and infrequently diagnosed clinical conditions. They can have congenital, acquired or idiopathic causes. PAAs can be asymptomatic or present with non-specific manifestations even at large diameters up to 70 mm. Rupture and dissection are the main life threating complications. The optimal treatment remains uncertain. There are no clear guidelines regarding the therapeutical approach. Case presentation A 78-year-old male presented at our medical facility to investigate further a pulmonary artery aneurysm discovered accidentally after a traumatic fall from a farmer tractor. He had no important chronic diseases, but in his medical history it was reported that he was excluded from the military service on top of a cardiac murmur, never investigated with an echocardiography exam. The fall from the tractor caused a fracture of the second and third costal ribs with hematoma and a commotional cranial trauma. At the thoraco-abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan conducted after the fall emerged an important fusiform dilatation of the principal pulmonary trunk and the left pulmonary artery (3.8 cm and 5 cm respectively). There was also a mild dilatation of the right pulmonary artery (3 cm), thickening of the pulmonary valve cusps and dilatation of the right cardiac chambers with flattening of the interventricular septum. Pulmonary embolism was excluded. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a dysplastic pulmonary valve, with thickened cusps and moderate stenosis with insufficiency. The jet of the right ventricular outflow tract was eccentric with an anterolateral direction and a correlated dilatation of the common pulmonary trunk (3.8 cm) and the left pulmonary artery (5 cm). The right ventricle appeared not dilated and the tricuspid regurgitation was mild with a normal systolic pulmonary artery pressure. The dilated pulmonary artery did not interfere with the flow in the left main coronary artery. We concluded that the pulmonary artery aneurysm was mainly due to the congenital pulmonary valvulopathy. The patient underwent successful pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valved conduit. Conclusion Congenital pulmonary valvulopathy can remain clinically silent lifelong and is commonly discovered during exams performed due to other clinical circumstances. The eccentric jet caused by the valvulopathy can be the reason for dilatation of the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography are competent tools for clarifying the cause of the pulmonary artery aneurysm and therefore are essential in the decision making regarding the treatment strategy. Abstract P255 Figure. Transesophageal echocardiography images

scholarly journals Role of Hand1/eHAND in the Dorso-Ventral Patterning and Interventricular Septum Formation in the Embryonic Heart

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 4627-4635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyonori Togi ◽  
Takahiro Kawamoto ◽  
Ryoko Yamauchi ◽  
Yoshinori Yoshida ◽  
Toru Kita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Atrioventricular Canal ◽  
Septum Formation ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Molecular mechanisms for the dorso-ventral patterning and interventricular septum formation in the embryonic heart are unknown. To investigate a role of Hand1/eHAND in cardiac chamber formation, we generated Hand1/eHAND knock-in mice where Hand1/eHAND cDNA was placed under the control of the MLC2V promoter. In Hand1/eHAND knock-in mice, the outer curvature of the right and left ventricles expanded more markedly. Moreover, there was no interventricular groove or septum formation, although molecularly, Hand1/eHAND knock-in hearts had two ventricles. However, the morphology of the inner curvature of the ventricles, the atrioventricular canal, and the outflow tract was not affected by Hand1/eHAND expression. Furthermore, expression of Hand1/eHAND in the whole ventricles altered the expression patterns of Chisel, ANF, and Hand2/dHAND but did not affect Tbx5 expression. In contrast, the interventricular septum formed normally in transgenic embryos overexpressing Hand1/eHAND in the right ventricle but not in the boundary region. These results suggested that Hand1/eHAND is involved in expansion of the ventricular walls and that absence of Hand1/eHAND expression in the boundary region between the right and left ventricles may be critical in the proper formation of the interventricular groove and septum. Furthermore, Hand1/eHAND is not a master regulatory gene that specifies the left ventricle myocyte lineage but may control the dorso-ventral patterning in concert with additional genes.

scholarly journals Role of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Prenatal Development: Insights from Mouse Transgenic Models

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Kopeć ◽  
Rafał R. Starzyński ◽  
Aneta Jończy ◽  
Rafał Mazgaj ◽  
Paweł Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Essential Nutrient

Iron is an essential nutrient during all stages of mammalian development. Studies carried out over the last 20 years have provided important insights into cellular and systemic iron metabolism in adult organisms and led to the deciphering of many molecular details of its regulation. However, our knowledge of iron handling in prenatal development has remained remarkably under-appreciated, even though it is critical for the health of both the embryo/fetus and its mother, and has a far-reaching impact in postnatal life. Prenatal development requires a continuous, albeit quantitatively matched with the stage of development, supply of iron to support rapid cell division during embryogenesis in order to meet iron needs for erythropoiesis and to build up hepatic iron stores, (which are the major source of this microelement for the neonate). Here, we provide a concise overview of current knowledge of the role of iron metabolism-related genes in the maintenance of iron homeostasis in pre- and post-implantation development based on studies on transgenic (mainly knock-out) mouse models. Most studies on mice with globally deleted genes do not conclude whether underlying in utero iron disorders or lethality is due to defective placental iron transport or iron misregulation in the embryo/fetus proper (or due to both). Therefore, there is a need of animal models with tissue specific targeted deletion of genes to advance the understanding of prenatal iron metabolism.

scholarly journals The role of linoleic and α-linolenic acids and their metabolites in maintaining chronic inflammation and developing colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Walkiewicz ◽  
Karolina Janion ◽  
Monika Gętek-Paszek ◽  
Ewa Nowakowska-Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
The Right

For many years it has been postulated the role of dietary factors, in particular the consumption of fatty acids, in the development of cancer. It has been confirmed in numerous epidemiological observations, as well as the experimental studies on cell lines. Despite numerous studies the role of various fatty acids and their metabolites, has not been clearly established. Among others there are still under investigation on the importance of linoleic acid, belonging to the group of polyunsaturated omega-6. Because of the diversity of scientific reports authors of this publication are trying to make a critical synthesis analysis of current knowledge of the postulated role of linoleic acid in development of colon cancer. And they also attempt to draw practical conclusions from them. The ability to modify their lifestyle, including dietary habits, and their real impact on the development of malignancies is a very important area of research, and can have an impact on the cancer epidemiology. Based on currently available data, dietary recommendations can be made for individual polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is recommended that in adults the LA share was 4% of the energy value of the diet, while the α-linolenic acid share was 0.5% of the energy value of the diet. In addition, in order to provide the right amount of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, it is recommended to include at least 2 portions of fish per week, including 1 portion of oily fish.

scholarly journals ECG and Pacing Criteria for Differentiating Conduction System Pacing from Myocardial Pacing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Marek Jastrzębski
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cell Spread ◽  
Different Tissues

During His-Purkinje conduction system (HPS) pacing, it is crucial to confirm capture of the His bundle or left bundle branch versus myocardialonly capture. For this, several methods and criteria for differentiation between non-selective (ns) capture – capture of the HPS and the adjacent myocardium – and myocardial-only capture were developed. HPS capture results in faster and more homogenous depolarisation of the left ventricle than right ventricular septal (RVS) myocardial-only capture. Specifically, the depolarisation of the left ventricle (LV) does not require slow cell-to-cell spread of activation from the right side to the left side of the interventricular septum but begins simultaneously with QRS onset as in native depolarisation. These phenomena greatly influence QRS complex morphology and form the basis of electrocardiographic differentiation between HPS and myocardial paced QRS. Moreover, the HPS and the working myocardium are different tissues within the heart muscle that vary not only in conduction velocities but also in refractoriness and capture thresholds. These last two differences can be exploited for the diagnosis of HPS capture using dynamic pacing manoeuvres, namely differential output pacing, programmed stimulation and burst pacing. This review summarises current knowledge of this subject.

Observations on the Vascular Pattern of the Septum of Normal and Hypertrophied Human Hearts

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
W. O. Odesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Vascular Pattern ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Immersion Technique ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Right

The arterial vascular pattern of the myocardium of the interventricular septum of normal and hypertrophied human hearts was studied by post-mortem injection of a radio-opaque medium, Colourpaque, and the taking of microradiographs of transverse ventricular slices using the immersion technique. There were large penetrating septal arteries arising from the anterior and posterior descending coronary arteries. The arterial vascular pattern on each side of the septum closely resembled the respective patterns in the right and left ventricular free walls. In the hypertrophied hearts the branching and straight type arteries were of smaller calibre compared to normal hearts and were smallest in the greatly hypertrophied hearts and hearts with asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy. The role of the septal intercoronary anastomosis in coronary artery disease is discussed.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on the Multifactorial Regulation of Corpora Lutea Lifespan: The Rabbit Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Massimo Zerani ◽  
Angela Polisca ◽  
Cristiano Boiti ◽  
Margherita Maranesi
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Efficient Breeding

Our research group studied the biological regulatory mechanisms of the corpora lutea (CL), paying particular attention to the pseudopregnant rabbit model, which has the advantage that the relative luteal age following ovulation is induced by the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CL are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. It is now clear that, besides the classical regulatory mechanism exerted by prostaglandin E2 (luteotropic) and prostaglandin F2 (luteolytic), a considerable number of other effectors assist in the regulation of CL. The aim of this paper is to summarize our current knowledge of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating CL lifespan in rabbits. Given the essential role of CL in reproductive success, a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms will provide us with valuable insights on various reproductive issues that hinder fertility in this and other mammalian species, allowing to overcome the challenges for new and more efficient breeding strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document