scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of Oviposition Behavior of Field Collected Aedes Mosquitoes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrat K. Panigrahi ◽  
Tapan K. Barik ◽  
Satyabrata Mohanty ◽  
Niraj Kanti Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Different Sources

Wild female Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were allowed to lay eggs in (i) ovitraps with different concentrations of NaCl, (ii) different coloured ovistrips, (iii) water from different sources, (iv) larva holding water, and different sized ovitraps for oviposition preference. Oviposition cycle was also studied in different photoperiod regimens. The number of eggs laid was observed to gradually decrease with increase in NaCl concentration in both the species. Experiments were conducted to determine egg laying preference for any specific colour of the ovistrip and black ovistrip was found to be most preferred by both the species. For oviposition preference, eight water samples collected from different sources were used and it was observed that the maximum number of eggs was laid in ovitraps containing distilled water followed by tap water. In addition, Aedes mosquitoes laid more number of eggs in ovitraps containing larval holding water than ovitraps containing distilled water. Further, both the species did not lay any egg in the smallest used ovitrap although the number of eggs was maximally deposited in the largest ovitrap used. In the present studies, both the Aedes species laid the maximum number of eggs in the 4th quarter of the light period with normal 12 h light and dark phases (LD 12 : 12).

scholarly journals Oviposition Behavior of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Responding to Semiochemicals Associated with the Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Cyprinodontiformes: Poecilliidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adena M Why ◽  
William E Walton
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Gambusia Affinis ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Mosquito Oviposition ◽  
Natural Density ◽  
Gravid Mosquitoes ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Abstract Considerable previous research has focused on predator-associated semiochemicals and how they affect mosquito oviposition behavior. However, most of this work has been done without taking into consideration either the natural density of the predators or how other semiochemicals in aquatic environments might affect the responses of gravid mosquitoes. The influence of mosquitofish density, source water (tap vs pond), presence of freshly laid egg rafts, and removal of a putative source of semiochemicals (bacteria) on oviposition by Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae) was studied in laboratory bioassays. Culex tarsalis females were deterred from laying egg rafts on water that contained semiochemicals associated with Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard), but this deterrence was not strongly associated with the density of fish used to condition aged tap water. The number of egg rafts laid onto Gambusia-exudate water made with either tap water (density < 1 fish per liter) or pond water was typically ≥ 50% of that onto water that did not house mosquitofish. Gravid mosquitoes tested individually did not reduce oviposition onto Gambusia-exudate water as compared to controls. Likewise, oviposition by females with ablated wings did not differ significantly between Gambusia-exudate water and controls. Oviposition onto filter-sterilized Gambusia-exudate water was reduced relative to unfiltered water, suggesting that semiochemicals deterring egg-laying were still present after bacteria were removed. Taken together, these findings suggest that the responses of gravid Cx. tarsalis to chemicals from habitats containing mosquitofish are complex and the origin of the semiochemicals present in the Gambusia-exudate water needs to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Survival potentiality of shigella boydii 15 atcc12034 in laboratory microcosm using water from two sources

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Sabaria Shah ◽  
Nafisa Azmuda ◽  
Mohammad Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Sirajul Islam Khan ◽  
Humaira Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Laboratory Microcosm ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Sources

Shigellosis is a waterborne disease but detection and isolation of Shigella in the water cannot be credibly ascertained even during epidemics. The detection, persistence or survival of Shigella in water is thus quite imperative to control the disease. The present study attempts to study the survival of Shigella in waters of different sources using Shigella boydii 15 ATCC12034 as reference culture. Five microcosms were set up; these were pond water (from two locations), tap water, distilled water and Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Relatively longer bacterial persistence was found in microcosms with pond water as compared to that observed in microcosms with PBS and distilled water. With the initial inoculums of 105cfu/ml, the strain became nonculturable after 9 and 18 days in PBS and pond water, respectively. But with the inoculum size of 106cfu/ml, it survived up to 16 to 22 weeks in pond waters from two different sources. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the bacteria remained unchanged over this time. Fluorescent microscopy and PCR were carried out to detect the presence of Shigella boydii 15 in the waters after it became nonculturable in conventional nutrient media. The survival of Shigella in water was possibly inoculum’s size dependent; its presence might diminish with time due to lack of nutrients and shifting of physicochemical factors, etc. in water. Key words: Shigella boydii; Survival; Microcosm; Viable; Nonculturable DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8951 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 103-110

Comparative Skip-Oviposition Behavior Among Container Breeding Aedes spp. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew David Reinbold-Wasson ◽  
Michael Hay Reiskind
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Gonotrophic Cycle ◽  
Spreading Behavior ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Abstract Container Aedes mosquitoes are the most important vectors of human arboviruses (i.e., dengue, chikungunya, Zika, or yellow fever). Invasive and native container Aedes spp. potentially utilize natural and artificial containers in specific environments for oviposition. Several container Aedes spp. display ‘skip-oviposition’ behavior, which describes the distribution of eggs among multiple containers during a single gonotrophic cycle. In this study, we compared individual skip-oviposition behavior using identical eight-cup testing arenas with three container Aedes species: Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Aedes triseriatus (Say). We applied the index of dispersion, an aggregation statistic, to individual mosquitoes’ oviposition patterns to assess skip-oviposition behavior. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus utilized more cups and distributed eggs more evenly among cups than Ae. triseriatus under nutritionally enriched oviposition media (oak leaf infusion) conditions. When presented with a nutritionally unenriched (tap water) oviposition media, both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus increased egg spreading behavior. Aedes albopictus did not modify skip-oviposition behavior when reared and assessed under fall-like environmental conditions, which induce diapause egg production. This study indicates specific oviposition site conditions influence skip-oviposition behavior with ‘preferred’ sites receiving higher amounts of eggs from any given individual and ‘non-preferred’ sites receive a limited contribution of eggs. A further understanding of skip-oviposition behavior is needed to make the best use of autodissemination trap technology in which skip-ovipositing females spread a potent larvicide among oviposition sites within the environment.

logjam Encodes a Predicted EMP24/GP25 Protein That Is Required for Drosophila Oviposition Behavior

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Ginger E Carney ◽  
Barbara J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
P Element ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vesicles ◽  
Egg Chambers ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Overlapping Transcripts

Abstract A newly characterized Drosophila melanogaster gene, logjam (loj), functions in female reproduction by modulating oviposition behavior. The locus encodes at least six overlapping transcripts with unique 5′ ends. P-element mutants that express very low levels of loj transcripts are unable to oviposit mature eggs. This phenotype can be rescued by the introduction of a transgene expressing the most abundant loj transcript. As for many genes that specify behavioral outputs, loj is present in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, it is also observed in vitellogenic egg chambers, suggesting that there may be multiple functions for this gene in egg-laying behavior. loj encodes a predicted protein with homology to the EMP24/GP25 transmembrane components of cytoplasmic vesicles and likely functions in intracellular trafficking.

scholarly journals Identifying the Biological Characteristics Associated with Oviposition Behavior of Tea Leafhopper Empoasca onukii Matsuda Using the Blue Light Detection Method

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Qi Yao ◽  
Huining Zhang ◽  
Long Jiao ◽  
Xiaoming Cai ◽  
Manqun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
Proven Method

Tea leafhopper (Empoasca onukii Matsuda) is amongst the key pests in tea plantations around the East Asian region. Stereomicroscopy is a conventional method used for detecting tea leafhopper eggs by dissecting the tender tissues. However, there is a need for a faster and more efficient method to directly observe and investigate intact eggs within tea shoots. The absence of a proven method limits research efforts for determining the oviposition behavior of E. onukii. Herein, we applied the blue light detection method (BLDM), a technique recently developed for other species, in order to detect E. onukii eggs directly and non-destructively within the tender shoot. In addition, we compared BLDM against the traditional stereomicroscope detection method (SMDM) for four tea cultivars. Notably, our results revealed that BLDM was precise and effective in measuring the egg laying quantity of E. onukii on intact tea shoots. Neither tea cultivars nor egg density in the tender shoot significantly affected the accuracy of BLDM. Furthermore, biological characteristics that have rarely been reported previously for E. onukii were investigated using the BLDM, including zygote duration, ovipositional rhythm, egg distribution within the tender shoot, and in different leaf positions, numbers of eggs laid by a single female daily, and laid by the entire generation. Therefore, these findings provide insights into the basic and theoretical evidence for the strategy and mechanism associated with the oviposition behavior of E. onukii.

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonium on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Kaolin and Bentonite as Clay Liners

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Adebola Adebayo Adekunle ◽  
Igba Uvieoghene Tobit ◽  
Ogunrinola Oluwaseyi Gbemiga
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Landfill Liners ◽  
Different Sources

: Landfill liners are underlying materials with low permeability whose main function is to mitigate the infiltration of toxic contents into ground water lying beneath. Landfill liners are primarily made of bentonite clay. Bentonite has a very low hydraulic conductivity, that might not be readily accessible, unlike kaolin which is found to have a lower hydraulic conductivity compared to that of bentonite and can be extensively obtained from numerous different sources. Explored, for the purposes of the present research paper, were various ratios of bentonite and kaolin and their hydraulic conductivity, in particular ratios of 90:10 kaolin to bentonite, 80:20 kaolin to bentonite, 70:30 kaolin to bentonite, 60:40 kaolin to bentonite and 50:50 kaolin to bentonite in an effort to achieve an acceptable barrier suitable as a liner / where tap water and ammonium solution were used as permeants. It was concluded that the ratios not lower than 20% bentonite (80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) all had their hydraulic conductivity value reduced compared to the 100% kaolin.

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zivkovic ◽  
M. Devic ◽  
B. Filipovic ◽  
Z. Giba ◽  
D. Grubisic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

Influence of Learning on Taste Preferences

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thomas Young
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Distilled Water

Further discussion of the Schnorr and Brookshire study of the preference between distilled water and tap water, with comments and suggestions.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Lime-Softening Sludge Used as Landfill Liners

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dąbska
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Landfill Liners ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Lime Softening ◽  
Approximate Polynomial ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfills

AbstractThe research goal was to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of compacted lime-softening sludge as a material to be applied to landfill liners. In doing so, the effect of compaction and moulding moisture content on the sludge hydraulic conductivity was assessed. An approximate polynomial k10mean at hydraulic gradients ≥30 for degree of compaction (0.95–1.05) and moulding moisture content (28%–36%) was determined. The results of short-term tap water permeation tests revealed that all hydraulic conductivity values were less than 2.5•10–8 m/s. A lowest hydraulic conductivity of 6.5•10–9 m/s, as well as a corresponding moisture content of 31% were then established. The long-term hydraulic conductivity was measured with tap water, distilled water, NaOH and HCl solutions and municipal waste leachate. The factors of permeating liquids and permeation time significantly affected the initial hydraulic conductivity. The long-term hydraulic conductivity increased for NaOH and HCl solutions and decreased for tap and distilled water. A significant reduction of hydraulic conductivity was observed for leachate permeation. The investigated material met the requirements for the liner systems of inert landfill sites regardless of pH and the limit value for hazardous and non-hazardous waste landfills.

Evaluation of Millipore Cartridge-type Water Treatment Systems for Microbiological Applications

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 654-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA L. GREEN ◽  
WARREN LITSKY
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Q System

Two different cartridge-type water treatment systems were evaluated for use in the microbiology laboratory, employing the Distilled Water Suitability Test (DWST). The Milli-Q system fed by distilled water and the Milli-R/Q system fed by tap water both produced water acceptable for microbiological use as measured by the DWST. Concentrations of ionic species (as measured by conductivity) in Milli-Q and Milli-R/Q products were significantly lower than in the double distilled control water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document