scholarly journals Use of Antiasthmatic Drugs during Pregnancy after the First Trimester and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bengt Källén ◽  
Birgitta Norstedt Wikner
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Births ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Disease Effect

Background. Women with asthma using antiasthmatics during the later part of the pregnancy have an increased risk for obstetric complications and their infants of neonatal complications. Material and Methods. The study is based on a linkage between the Swedish Medical Birth Register and a register of prescribed drugs in Sweden for the years 2009–2011, identifying women who had filled prescriptions for antiasthmatics after the first trimester. Their characteristics, their obstetric history, and the neonatal conditions of their infants were compared with all other women who gave birth. Adjusted Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios were determined. Results. We found an increased risk for a number of maternal conditions but no risk increase for gestational diabetes (after adjustment for body mass index) or for premature rupture of membranes. There was an increase in preterm births for some drugs used at severe asthma and of low birth weight and small for gestational age for most drug combinations. An increased risk was seen for neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory problems, and low Apgar score. Conclusions. There are many hazards associated with maternal asthma and use of antiasthmatic drugs. Most evidence suggests a disease effect. A careful control of the asthma during pregnancy is important.

scholarly journals Multi-Fetal Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and Long-Term Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Bergman ◽  
Paliz Nordlöf-Callbo ◽  
Anna Karin Wikström ◽  
Jonathan M. Snowden ◽  
Susanne Hesselman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Joint Contribution

This Swedish register-based cohort study determined the separate and joint contribution of preeclampsia and multi-fetal pregnancy on a woman’s risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. The study included 892 425 first deliveries between 1973 and 2010 of women born 1950 until 1971, identified in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. A composite outcome of CVD was retrieved through linkage with the National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the risk of CVD in women who had preeclampsia in a singleton or multi-fetal pregnancy, adjusting for potential confounders, and presented as adjusted hazard ratios. Compared with women who had a singleton pregnancy without preeclampsia (the referent group), women with preeclampsia in a singleton pregnancy had an increased risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.75 [95% CI, 1.64–1.86]). Women who had a multi-fetal pregnancy without or with preeclampsia did not have an increased risk of future CVD (adjusted hazard ratios 0.94 [95% CI, 0.79–1.10] and 1.25 [95% CI, 0.83–1.86], respectively). As opposed to preeclampsia in a first singleton pregnancy, preeclampsia in a first multi-fetal pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of future CVD. This may support the theory that preeclampsia in multi-fetal pregnancies more often occurs as a result of the larger pregnancy-related burden on the maternal cardiovascular system and excessive placenta-shed inflammatory factors, rather than the woman’s underlying cardiovascular phenotype.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of maternal and neonatal outcomes after induction compared to spontaneous start of labour in women with one previous birth in uncomplicated pregnancies ≥ 41+3

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Lina Lindegren ◽  
Andrea Stuart ◽  
Marie Carlsson Fagerberg ◽  
Karin Källén
Keyword(s):  
Apgar Score ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Labour Induction ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Previous Birth ◽  
Swedish Medical

AbstractObjectivesTo study the association between induction and outcome among two-parous women in uncomplicated pregnancies ≥ 41+3, stratified by first labour delivery mode and conditions present at first delivery.MethodsThe Swedish Medical Birth Register was used to identify 58,964 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies among women with one previous birth between 1998 and 2014. Women with any registered pregnancy complications were excluded to minimise the risk for indication bias. The outcomes considered were emergency caesarean section (CS), and poor neonatal outcome (Apgar score <7 at 5 min, neonatal death, or meconium aspiration).ResultsWomen who were induced at their second labour had higher emergency CS rates compared to women in spontaneously started deliveries (adjusted risk ratio, ARR: 2.11; 95% CI: 2.00–2.23). Low Apgar score was more common after induction compared to spontaneously started labours (1.0 vs. 0.7%) (ARR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18–1.77). Increased CS rates were also found when comparing induction at 41 + 3 to 41 + 6 weeks to labour at 42 weeks or more, regardless of labour start (ARR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.26–1.52).ConclusionsWe found an increased risk of CS and poor neonatal outcome after second labour induction in prolonged pregnancies. The second labour vaginal success rate after induction was highly dependent, on first labour delivery mode, but also on diagnoses and conditions present at the first delivery.

scholarly journals Risk of Congenital Malformations in Children Born Before Paternal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahia Al-Jebari ◽  
Lars Rylander ◽  
Olof Ståhl ◽  
Aleksander Giwercman
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
Central Nervous System Cancers ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Abstract Background Increased risk of congenital malformations in children fathered by men treated for cancer might be due to mutagenicity of cancer therapies. Finding of increased malformation prevalence in offspring born before paternal cancer would indicate a treatment-independent mechanism. Methods Through national registries, we obtained data on singletons born in Sweden from 1994 to 2014 (n = 1 796 160) and their fathers and mothers (1 092 950/1 092 011). Men with cancer (n = 23 932) fathered 26 601 and 9926 children before and after cancer diagnosis, respectively. Associations between paternal cancer, diagnoses retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Register, and offspring malformations, based on Swedish Medical Birth Register data, were estimated by logistic regression. Results Children conceived before paternal cancer had a statistically significantly increased risk of all malformations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.15, P = .016, 3.8% vs 3.4%) and major malformations (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.18, P = .03, 2.4% vs 2.1%). Eye and central nervous system cancers were associated with the highest risk of all malformations (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.61, P = .02, 4.5% vs 3.4%). A similar trend was seen for testicular cancer. The malformation rates among children conceived before and after paternal cancer diagnosis were similar. Conclusions The association between paternal cancer and risk of malformations in the offspring is not solely due to mutagenic effects of cancer therapy. The increase in prevalence of birth anomalies among children of fathers with malignancy might be due to cancer per se or a common underlying paternal factor, for example, genomic instability.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group Study

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Sara Cruz Melguizo ◽  
María Luisa de la Cruz Conty ◽  
Paola Carmona Payán ◽  
Alejandra Abascal-Saiz ◽  
Pilar Pintando Recarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Obstetric Emergency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Emergency Group ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Pregnant women who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. With this study, we aimed to better understand the relationship between maternal infection and perinatal outcomes, especially preterm births, and the underlying medical and interventionist factors. This was a prospective observational study carried out in 78 centers (Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group) with a cohort of 1347 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive pregnant women registered consecutively between 26 February and 5 November 2020, and a concurrent sample of PCR-negative mothers. The patients’ information was collected from their medical records, and the association of SARS-CoV-2 and perinatal outcomes was evaluated by univariable and multivariate analyses. The data from 1347 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnancies were compared with those from 1607 SARS-CoV-2-negative pregnancies. Differences were observed between both groups in premature rupture of membranes (15.5% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001); venous thrombotic events (1.5% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001); and severe pre-eclampsia incidence (40.6 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.001), which could have been overestimated in the infected cohort due to the shared analytical signs between this hypertensive disorder and COVID-19. In addition, more preterm deliveries were observed in infected patients (11.1% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001) mainly due to an increase in iatrogenic preterm births. The prematurity in SARS-CoV-2-affected pregnancies results from a predisposition to end the pregnancy because of maternal disease (pneumonia and pre-eclampsia, with or without COVID-19 symptoms).

scholarly journals Social inequalities and trends in pre-pregnancy body mass index in Swedish women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina E. Lundberg ◽  
Maria Ryd ◽  
Martin Adiels ◽  
Annika Rosengren ◽  
Lena Björck
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Swedish Medical

AbstractObesity rates in adolescence and young adulthood have increased in Sweden, reflecting global trends. To which extent this occurs across different socioeconomic strata has not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate trends in social inequalities in body mass index (BMI) in young/mid-adulthood Swedish women. We obtained weight and height for all women aged 20–45 years, at their first registered pregnancy (< 12 weeks of gestation) in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 1982–2013 (1,022,330, mean age = 28.8 years), documenting education and county of residence. Trends in mean BMI and in the prevalence of BMI categories between 1982 and 2013 were estimated across education levels and geographical location. Overall, mean BMI increased from 22.7 kg/m2 (SD 3.2) to 24.3 kg/m2 (SD 4.4) between 1982 and 2013. Simultaneously, the prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) increased from 18.1 to 33.4% while that of moderate obesity (BMI ≥ 30 to < 35 kg/m2) and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) increased markedly from 3.4 and 0.4% to 7.4 and 3.1%, respectively. The prevalence of moderate and severe obesity more than doubled during the study period across all educational levels. In conclusion, BMI and moderate and severe obesity increased markedly among young/mid-adulthood Swedish women regardless of education with a widening gap between those with lower and higher education. These growing social inequalities in BMI are likely to cause a rising divide in serious health problems following early and long-lasting obesity.

scholarly journals First trimester employment, working conditions and preterm birth: a prospective population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107072
Author(s):  
Tanja Vrijkotte ◽  
Teus Brand ◽  
Gouke Bonsel
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Load ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Physical Work Load ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Induced Hypertension

ObjectivesTo explore the association between working conditions during first trimester and total preterm birth (PTB), and subtypes: spontaneous PTB and iatrogenic PTB, additionally to explore the role of hypertension.MethodsPregnant women from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, filled out a questionnaire between January 2003 and March 2004, two weeks after first prenatal screening (singleton liveborn, n=7561). Working conditions were working hours/week, standing/walking hours/week, physical work load and job strain.ResultsProlonged standing/walking during first trimester was associated with an increased risk for total PTB (OR=1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.3, after adjustments). Other working conditions were not related to total PTB. The separation into spontaneous and iatrogenic PTB revealed that standing/walking was associated with iatrogenic PTB only (OR=2.09; 95% CI 1.00–4.97). The highest risk was found for the combination of a long workweek with high physical work load (OR=3.42; 95% CI 1.04–8.21). Hypertension did not mediate these associations; however, stratified analysis revealed that high physical work load was only related to iatrogenic PTB when pregnancy-induced hypertension was present (OR=6.44; 95% CI 1.21–29.76).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that high physically demanding work is associated with an increased risk for iatrogenic PTB and not with spontaneous PTB. Pregnancy-induced hypertension may play a role: when present, high physical work load leads to a more severe outcome.

Women with high plasma levels of PBDE-47 are at increased risk of preterm birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan R. Peltier ◽  
Michael J. Fassett ◽  
Yuko Arita ◽  
Vicki Y. Chiu ◽  
Jiaxiao M. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Nearly 100% of North American women have detectable levels of flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in their plasma. These molecules have structural homology to thyroid hormones and may function as endocrine disruptors. Thyroid dysfunction has previously been associated with increased risk for preterm birth. Therefore, we conducted a multi-center, case-cohort study to evaluate if high plasma concentrations of a common PBDE congener in the first trimester increases the risk of preterm birth and its subtypes. Methods Pregnant women were recruited at the onset of initiation of prenatal care at Kaiser-Permanente Southern California (KPSC)-West Los Angeles and KPSC-San Diego medical centers. Plasma samples from women whose pregnancies ended preterm and random subset of those delivering at term were assayed for PBDE-47 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by immunoassay. Quartile cutoffs were calculated for the patients at term and used to determine if women with exposures in the 4th quartile are at increased risk for preterm birth using logistic regression. Results We found that high concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester significantly increased the odds of both indicated (adjusted odds ratio, adjOR=2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31, 4.21) and spontaneous (adjOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.03) preterm birth. Regardless of pregnancy outcome, TSH concentrations did not differ between women with high and low concentrations of PBDE-47. Conclusions These results suggest that high plasma concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester, increases the risk of indicated and spontaneous preterm birth.

scholarly journals Clinical Stratification of Pregnant COVID-19 Patients based on Severity: A Single Academic Center Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (05) ◽  
pp. 515-522
Author(s):  
Marissa Berry ◽  
Amanda Wang ◽  
Shannon M. Clark ◽  
Hassan M. Harirah ◽  
Sangeeta Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes

Objective This study aimed to describe baseline characteristics of a cohort of pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and determine if these correlate with disease severity and perinatal outcomes. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort trial conducted at the University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas. All pregnant women presented to our medical center, who were screened and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus, were included. We stratified our study population in three groups: asymptomatic, symptomatic not requiring oxygen therapy, and patients requiring oxygen support to maintain oxygen saturation >94%. Relevant population characteristics, laboratory data, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were abstracted. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Between March and July 2020, 91 women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 upon admission to our labor and delivery unit. Among these, 61.5% were asymptomatic, 34.1% were symptomatic, and 4.4% required oxygen support. Our population was mainly Hispanic (80.2%), multiparous (76.9%), obese (70.3%), and with a median age of 27 years. Median gestational age at symptom onset or diagnosis was 36 weeks. Significant differences were found between gestational age and disease severity. Maternal characteristics including age, body mass index (BMI), and presence of comorbid conditions did not appear to influence severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Significant laboratory findings associated with increasing disease severity included decreasing hemoglobin and white blood cell count, lymphopenia, and increasing levels of inflammatory markers including CRP, ferritin, and procalcitonin. Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ among groups. No SARS-CoV-2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction testing in neonates of mothers with COVID-19. Conclusion Pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection are predominantly asymptomatic. Patients appear to be at increased risk for more severe infection requiring oxygen support later in pregnancy. Key Points

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