scholarly journals Repairing the Osteochondral Defect in Goat with the Tissue-Engineered Osteochondral Graft Preconstructed in a Double-Chamber Stirring Bioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Pei ◽  
Jun-jun Fan ◽  
Xiao-qiang Zhang ◽  
Zhi-yong Zhang ◽  
Min Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Reparative Effect ◽  
Group B ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Double Chamber

To investigate the reparative efficacy of tissue-engineered osteochondral (TEO) graft for repairing the osteochondral defect in goat, we designed a double-chamber stirring bioreactor to construct the bone and cartilage composites simultaneously in oneβ-TCP scaffold and observed the reparative effect in vivo. The osteochondral defects were created in goats and all the animals were divided into 3 groups randomly. In groups A, the defect was treated with the TEO which was cultured with mechanical stimulation of stir; in group B, the defect was treated with TEO which was cultured without mechanical stimulation of stir; in groups C, the defect was treated without TEO. At 12 weeks and 24 weeks after operation, the reparative effects in different groups were assessed and compared. The results indicated that the reparative effect of the TEO cultured in the bioreactor was better than the control group, and mechanical stimulation of stir could further improve the reparative effect. We provided a feasible and effective method to construct the TEO for treatment of osteochondral defect using autologous BMSCs and the double-chamber bioreactor.

Aptamer-Functionalized Bioscaffold Enhances Cartilage Repair by Improving Stem Cell Recruitment in Osteochondral Defects of Rabbit Knees

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2316-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiongbo Song ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Guotao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Scaffold Group

Background: Recruitment of endogenous stem cells has been considered an alternative to cell injection/implantation in articular cartilage repair. Purpose: (1) To develop a cartilage tissue-engineering scaffold with clinically available biomaterials and functionalize the scaffold with an aptamer (Apt19s) that specifically recognizes pluripotent stem cells. (2) To determine whether this scaffold could recruit joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) when implanted into an osteochondral defect in a rabbit model and to examine the effects of cartilage regeneration. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The reinforced scaffold was fabricated by embedding a silk fibroin sponge into silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid–tyramine hydrogel and characterized in vitro. A cylindrical osteochondral defect (3.2 mm wide × 4 mm deep) was created in the trochlear grooves of rabbit knees. The rabbits were randomly assigned into 3 groups: Apt19s-functionalized scaffold group, scaffold-only group, and control group. Animals were sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Repaired tissues were evaluated via gross examination, histologic examination, and immunohistochemistry. Results: In vitro, this aptamer-functionalized scaffold could recruit bone marrow–derived MSCs and support cell adhesion. In vivo, the aptamer-functionalized scaffold enhanced cell homing in comparison with the aptamer-free scaffold. The aptamer-functionalized scaffold group also exhibited superior cartilage restoration when compared with the scaffold-only group and the control group. Conclusion: The Apt19s-functionalized scaffold exhibited the ability to recruit MSCs both in vitro and in vivo and achieved a better outcome of cartilage repair than the scaffold only or control in an osteochondral defect model. Clinical Relevance: The findings demonstrate a promising strategy of using aptamer-functionalized bioscaffolds for restoration of chondral/osteochondral defects via aptamer-introduced homing of MSCs.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pendampingan Deteksi Dini Terhadap Kemampuan Guru PAUD Dalam Melaksanakan Deteksi Dini Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anak PAUD di Wilayah Puskesmas Beji Depok

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Suryati B ◽  
Bara Miradwiyana
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Mentoring Model

Impaired growth and development of children can be identified by early detection as prevention, prevention, stimulation and development. This study aims to determine the effect of early detection assistance models on the ability of early childhood education (PAUD) teachers in implementing early detection of early childhood growth and development. The research method uses pretest and posttest design with control group. Providing training and mentoring for PAUD teachers using the Stimulation of Detection and Early Intervention Growing Swell (SDIDTK)/ Child Development Pre-screening Questionnaire (KPSP) for the intervention group while for the control group for PAUD teachers by being given a KPSP booklet after the posttest. The results of the analysis showed that there were differences in scores of PAUD teachers' knowledge and skills in stimulating early childhood growth and development (p=0.001) between the intervention group and the control group after the mentoring model intervention. The knowledge of PAUD teachers who are given a mentoring model is better than the control group, there are significant differences in improving the ability of PAUD teachers to do early detection in children compared to the control group. PAUD teachers who are given the intervention of the mentoring model.

scholarly journals Peri-implant cartilage and bone histological changes following treatment of focal osteochondral defects in the femoral head with polyether ether ketone implants versus cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy implants: assessment in a goat model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Yuan ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiangchao Meng ◽  
Jue Zhang ◽  
Teng TengLong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Cocrmo Alloy ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively investigate the peri-implant histology of applying defect-size polyether ether ketone (PEEK) implant for the treatment of localized osteochondral defects in the femoral head and compared it with cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy implant.Methods: A femoral head osteochondral defect model was created in the left hips of goats (n=12). Defects were randomly treated by immediate placement of a PEEK (n=6) or CoCrMo implant (n=6). The un-operated right hip joints served as a control. Goats were sacrificed at 12 weeks. Periprosthetic cartilage quality was semi-quantitatively analyzed macroscopically and microscopically. Implant osseointegration was measured by micro-CT and histomorphometry.Results: The modified macroscopic articular evaluation score in the PEEK group was lower than that in the CoCrMo group (p<0.05), and the histological score of the periprosthetic and acetabular cartilage in the PEEK group was lower than that in the CoCrMo group (P<0.05). The mean bone-implant contact for PEEK implants was comparable with that for CoCrMo alloy implants at 12 weeks.Conclusions: A PEEK implant for the treatment of local osteochondral defect in the femoral head demonstrated effective fixation and superior in vivo cartilage protection compared with an identical CoCrMo alloy implant.

Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on the Pharmacokinetics of Ticagrelor in Vivo and Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Hu ◽  
Ying-hui Li ◽  
Nan-Yong Gao ◽  
Guo-quan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group B

This study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and the metabolism of ticagrelor in human CYP3A4 and liver microsomes. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group), group B (50mg/kg resveratrol), and group C (150mg/kg resveratrol ). After 30 minutes administration of resveratrol, a single dose of ticagrelor (18mg/kg) was administered orally. The vitro experiment was performed to examine the influence of resveratrol on ticagrelor metabolism in CYP3A4*1, human, and rat liver microsomes. Serial biological samples were assayed by validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. In vivo study, the AUC and Cmax of ticagrelor in group B and C appeared to be significantly higher than the control group, while Vz/F and CLz/F of ticagrelor in group B and C were significantly decreased. In vitro study, resveratrol exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4*1, human and rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 56.75μM，69.07μM and 14.22μM, respectively. Our results indicated that resveratrol had a inhibitory effect on the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro and vivo. It should be paid more attention to the clinical combination of resveratrol with ticagrelor and ticagrelor plasma concentration should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction.

Transtympanic versus intramuscular steroid administration in a histamine-induced inflammatory middle-ear model

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 630-634
Author(s):  
T S Chimona ◽  
J G Panayiotides ◽  
C E Papadakis ◽  
E S Helidonis ◽  
G A Velegrakis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Vascular Dilatation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histamine Challenge ◽  
Inflammatory Component

Objectives: Assessment of the histopathologic effect of transtympanic and intramuscular administration of dexamethasone in an in vivo experimental animal model of middle-ear mucosal inflammation.Methods: Fifty healthy rabbits weighting 1500–1800 g were randomly divided in three groups. In 10 animals (control group), 0.5 ml of a 20 mg/ml histamine solution was injected transtympanically. In 20 rabbits (group A), histamine challenge followed a three day intramuscular pretreatment with dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg per day. In 20 rabbits (group B), histamine challenge followed pretreatment with dexamethasone via a transtympanic route (0.3 ml, 1.2 mg dexamethasone). Middle-ear mucosa was obtained for histopathology 30 minutes after histamine administration. The following parameters were assessed: inflammation, acute inflammatory component, presence of eosinophils, inflammatory activity and fibrosis.Results: Oedema, vascular dilatation and congestion, inflammation, the presence of an acute (polymorphonuclear) inflammatory component, the presence of eosinophils, and inflammatory activity were found to be of a lesser grade in the mucosae of group B. All differences were found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.01) using the Mann–Whitney test.Conclusion: Our findings validate the transtympanic route of dexamethasone administration in counteracting histamine effects.

scholarly journals In Vivo Comparison of Ultimate Tensile Strength of Nickel-Titanium Aligning Archwires Exposed to Fluoridated Mouthwash

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Pasupureddi Keerthana ◽  
Prasad Chitra ◽  
Puneeth S B ◽  
LS Lokesh Janardhanam
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Niti Wires

Introduction: Orthodontists usually prescribe fluoridated mouthwash to their patients to mitigate risk of dental caries. These mouthwashes may alter the mechanical properties of archwires by dissolving the protective oxide-layer. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of fluoridated mouthwash on ultimate tensile strength of NiTi wires after three months of intra-oral use. Materials & Method: Sixty 0.014” (0.36mm) Nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires (Ormco Corp, Glendora, USA) were divided into three groups: Group A: as-received archwires serving as controls, Group B: intra-oral used wires exposed to placebo mouthwash and Group C: intra-oral used wires exposed to fluoridated mouthwash for a period of 3 months. Each wire was subjected to tensile testing using a table-top tensile testing apparatus. Ultimate tensile strength data was analysed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey testing at the 0.05 level of significance. Result: Results showed that amongst tested wires, those exposed to fluoridated mouthwash had least tensile strength (79.45 ± 1.33 N) as compared to wires exposed to placebo mouthwash (99.95 ± 0.91 N) and those in the control group (117.69 ± 0.66 N). The results were statistically significant at p <0.001. Conclusion: Ultimate tensile strength was least for wires exposed to fluoridated mouthwashes for a period of 3 months. Non-fluoridated mouthwashes can be used during the initial phase of leveling and aligning with NiTi wires.

scholarly journals Effect of Nickel Administration in vivo on the Testicular Structure in Male Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Massányi ◽  
N. Lukáč ◽  
J. Zemanová ◽  
A. V. Makarevich ◽  
P. Chrenek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group B

The aim of this study was to describe the effects of nickel (NiCl2) on murine testicular structure. Experimental animals were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 20 mg NiCl2 per kg of body mass (group A, n = 5) and 40 mg NiCl2 per kg b. m. (group B, n = 5). The group without injection (n = 5) was the control (C). Animals were killed 48 hours after administration of nickel. The body mass of animals, the mass of testes and the testes : body mass ratio were not significantly affected. In both experimental groups a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of germinal epithelium in comparison with control group was observed. The relative volume of the interstitium was increased but not significantly in both experimental groups. An increase in the relative volume of the lumen was registered in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group. The qualitative analysis detected a dilatation of blood vessels in the interstitium, undulation of the basal membrane and several empty spaces in the germinal epithelium. The diameter (n = 150) of the seminiferous tubule was markedly (p < 0.05) decreased in both experimental groups (A, B) compared to control group. The height of the germinal epithelium showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05 - 0.001) after nickel administration. Evaluation of the lumen diameter in the seminiferous tubule showed a significant increase in both experimental groups. The data of the perimeter of seminiferous tubules corresponded with those of the seminiferous tubule diameter. TUNEL assay detected a higher frequency of localized apoptosis in the interstitium of nickel-administered animals compared to control group. Our findings clearly suggest a negative effect of nickel on the structure as well as on the function of the seminferous epithelium at the site of spermatozoa production.

scholarly journals A Novel Strategy to Enhance Microfracture Treatment With Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Mustapich ◽  
John Schwartz ◽  
Pablo Palacios ◽  
Haixiang Liang ◽  
Nicholas Sgaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽  
Empty Control

BackgroundMicrofracture is one of the most widely used techniques for the repair of articular cartilage. However, microfracture often results in filling of the chondral defect with fibrocartilage, which exhibits poor durability and sub-optimal mechanical properties. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a potent chemoattractant for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and is expressed at high levels in bone marrow adjacent to developing cartilage during endochondral bone formation. Integrating SDF-1 into an implantable collagen scaffold may provide a chondro-conductive and chondro-inductive milieu via chemotaxis of MSCs and promotion of chondrogenic differentiation, facilitating more robust hyaline cartilage formation following microfracture.ObjectiveThis work aimed to confirm the chemoattractive properties of SDF-1 in vitro and develop a one-step method for incorporating SDF-1 in vivo to enhance cartilage repair using a rat osteochondral defect model.MethodsBone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were harvested from the femurs of Sprague–Dawley rats and cultured in low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, with the medium changed every 3 days. Passage 1 MSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry with an S3 Cell Sorter (Bio-Rad). In vitro cell migration assays were performed on MSCs by labeling cells with carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE; Bio-Rad). For the microfracture model, a 1.6-mm-diameter osteochondral defect was created in the femoral trochleae of 20 Sprague–Dawley rats bilaterally until bone marrow spillage was seen under saline irrigation. One knee was chosen at random to receive implantation of the scaffold, and the contralateral knee was left unfilled as an empty control. Type I collagen scaffolds (Kensey Nash) were coated with either gelatin only or gelatin and SDF-1 using a dip coating process. The rats received implantation of either a gelatin-only scaffold (N = 10) or gelatin-and-SDF-1 scaffold (N = 10) at the site of the microfracture. Femurs were collected for histological analyses at 4- and 8-week time points post-operatively, and sections were stained with Safranin O/Fast Green. The samples were graded blindly by two observers using the Modified O’Driscoll score, a validated scoring system for chondral repair. A minimum of 10 separate grading scores were made per sample and averaged. Quantitative comparisons of cell migration in vitro were performed with one-way ANOVA. Cartilage repair in vivo was also compared among groups with one-way ANOVA, and the results were presented as mean ± standard deviation, with P-values &lt; 0.05 considered as statistically significant.ResultsMSC migration showed a dose–response relationship with SDF-1, with an optimal dosage for chemotaxis between 10 and 100 ng/ml. After scaffold implantation, the SDF-1-treated group demonstrated complete filling of the cartilage defect with mature cartilage tissue, exhibiting strong proteoglycan content, smooth borders, and good incorporation into marginal cartilage. Modified O’Driscoll scores after 8 weeks showed a significant improvement of cartilage repair in the SDF-1 group relative to the empty control group (P &lt; 0.01), with a trend toward improvement when compared with the gelatin-only-scaffold group (P &lt; 0.1). No significant differences in scores were found between the empty defect group and gelatin-only group.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrated a simple method for improving the quality of cartilage defect repair in a rat model of microfracture. We confirmed the chemotactic properties of SDF-1 on rat MSCs and found an optimized dosage range for chemotaxis between 10 and 100 ng/ml. Furthermore, we demonstrated a strategy to incorporate SDF-1 into gelatin–collagen I scaffolds in vivo at the site of an osteochondral defect. SDF-1-treated defects displayed robust hyaline cartilage resurfacing of the defect with minimal fibrous tissue, in contrast to the empty control group. The results of the in vitro and in vivo studies together suggest that SDF-1-mediated signaling may significantly improve the quality of cartilage regeneration in an osteochondral defect.

scholarly journals Do Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Orthodontic NiTi Wires Remain Stable In Vivo?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Sarul ◽  
Małgorzata Rutkowska-Gorczyca ◽  
Jerzy Detyna ◽  
Anna Zięty ◽  
Maciej Kawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Niti Wires

Introduction and Aim.Exceptional properties of the NiTi archwires may be jeopardized by the oral cavity; thus its long-term effect on the mechanical and physiochemical properties of NiTi archwires was the aim of work.Material and Methods. Study group comprised sixty 0.016×0.022 NiTi archwires from the same manufacturer evaluated (group A) after the first 12 weeks of orthodontic treatment. 30 mm long pieces cut off from each wire prior to insertion formed the control group B. Obeying the strict rules of randomization, all samples were subjected to microscopic evaluation and nanoindentation test.Results.Both groups displayed substantial presence of nonmetallic inclusions. Heterogeneity of the structure and its alteration after usage were found in groups B and A, respectively.Conclusions.Long-term, reliable prediction of biomechanics of NiTi wires in vivo is impossible, especially new archwires from the same vendor display different physiochemical properties. Moreover, manufacturers have to decrease contamination in the production process in order to minimize risk of mutual negative influence of nickel-titanium archwires and oral environment.

Multiscale Modeling of Trabecular Bone Marrow: Understanding the Micromechanical Environment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Osteoporosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Vaughan ◽  
M. Voisin ◽  
G. L. Niebur ◽  
L. M. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mechanical loading directs the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and it has been hypothesized that the mechanical environment plays a role in directing the cellular fate of MSCs in vivo. However, the complex multicellular composition of trabecular bone marrow means that the precise nature of mechanical stimulation that MSCs experience in their native environment is not fully understood. In this study, we developed a multiscale model that discretely represents the cellular constituents of trabecular bone marrow and applied this model to characterize mechanical stimulation of MCSs in vivo. We predicted that cell-level strains in certain locations of the trabecular marrow microenvironment were greater in magnitude (maximum ε12 = ∼24,000 με) than levels that have been found to result in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro (>8000 με), which may indicate that the native mechanical environment of MSCs could direct cellular fate in vivo. The results also showed that cell–cell adhesions could play an important role in mediating mechanical stimulation within the MSC population in vivo. The model was applied to investigate how changes that occur during osteoporosis affected mechanical stimulation in the cellular microenvironment of trabecular bone marrow. Specifically, a reduced bone volume (BV) resulted in an overall increase in bone deformation, leading to greater cell-level mechanical stimulation in trabecular bone marrow (maximum ε12 = ∼48,000 με). An increased marrow adipocyte content resulted in slightly lower levels of stimulation within the adjacent cell population due to a shielding effect caused by the more compliant behavior of adipocytes (maximum ε12 = ∼41,000 με). Despite this reduction, stimulation levels in trabecular bone marrow during osteoporosis remained much higher than those predicted to occur under healthy conditions. It was found that compensatory mechanobiological responses that occur during osteoporosis, such as increased trabecular stiffness and axial alignment of trabeculae, would be effective in returning MSC stimulation in trabecular marrow to normal levels. These results have provided novel insight into the mechanical stimulation of the trabecular marrow MSC population in both healthy and osteoporotic bone, and could inform the design three-dimensional (3D) in vitro bioreactor strategies techniques, which seek to emulate physiological conditions.

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