scholarly journals Aerobic Training Modulates the Effects of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress on PON1 Activity: A Preliminary Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik ◽  
Marek Lewandowski ◽  
Urszula Szkudlarek ◽  
Dariusz Nowak ◽  
Monika Orlowska-Majdak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of maximal exercise (ME) on paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) activity depending on lifestyle in respect to physical activity. The study was performed on 46 young men divided into two groups: sedentary (S) and physically active (PA). All participants performed ME on a treadmill. PON1 activities, FRAP, uric acid, bilirubin, TBARS, and lipid profile were determined in their blood before, at the bout of, and after ME. No significant differences in PON1 activities were found between S and PA subjects at baseline. Nearly all biochemicals increased at ME in both groups. Both PON and ARE activity increased at the bout of ME in PA subjects and only ARE activity in S subjects. ARE/HDL-C ratio increased at the bout of ME in PA and S subjects. The difference in PON1 activity response to ME between study groups may be a result of adaptation of PA subjects to regular physical activity. We suggest that PON1 activity may be a marker of antioxidant protection at ME and an indicator of adaptation to exercise.

Influence of age and physical activity on central hemodynamics and lung function in active adults

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Kanstrup ◽  
B. Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Circulatory Response ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Mixed Venous ◽  
Peak Value

Five female and seven male physically active adults were studied twice within a 13-yr interval. The individual state of physical activity was mainly unchanged. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was reduced in all subjects except one female, in whom it remained unchanged. During maximal exercise, cardiac output (Q) in males was unchanged. In females, Q was significantly increased due to increased stroke volume (SV). In both sexes, the reduced VO2 max was explained by a smaller arteriovenous O2 difference (mixed venous O2 content (C-VO2) significantly increased). For a given submaximal VO2, Q was increased in both sexes and heart rate was unchanged. Thus, SV was increased and arteriovenous O2 difference was reduced due to increased C-VO2. Another four males were studied several times in various states of physical fitness during an 11-yr period. The reduced VO2 max from peak value was due to a reduced Qmax (SV smaller), whereas the arteriovenous O2 difference and C-VO2 were unchanged. Our results indicate that the observed changes in circulatory response to submaximal and maximal exercise in physically active adults may to a large extent be due to an effect of “detraining.”

Does exercise-induced bronchoconstriction affect physical activity patterns in asthmatic children?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR van der Kamp ◽  
BJ Thio ◽  
M Tabak ◽  
HJ Hermens ◽  
JMM Driessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Severe Type

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a sign of uncontrolled childhood asthma and classically occurs after exercise. Recent research shows that EIB frequently starts during exercise, called breakthrough-EIB (BT-EIB). It is unknown whether this more severe type of EIB forces children to adapt their physical activity (PA) pattern in daily life. Therefore, this pilot study aims to investigate daily life PA (amount, intensity, duration, and distribution) in children with BT-EIB, ‘classic’ EIB, and without EIB. A Fitbit Zip activity tracker was used for one week to objectively measure daily life PA at one-minute intervals. Thirty asthmatic children participated. Children with BT-EIB were less physically active compared to children without EIB (respectively 7994 and 11,444 steps/day, p = .02). Children with BT-EIB showed less moderate-to-vigorous PA compared to the children without (respectively 117 and 170 minutes/day, p = .02). Children with EIB (both BT and classic) had significant shorter bouts of activity and a less stretched distribution of bout lengths compared to the non-EIB group (all p < .05). These results emphasize a marked association between EIB severity and PA patterns in daily life, stressing the need for a thorough clinical evaluation of exercise-induced symptoms in childhood asthma.

Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia is unaffected by intense physical training: a case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo B. Dominelli ◽  
Glen E. Foster ◽  
Giulio S. Dominelli ◽  
William R. Henderson ◽  
Michael S. Koehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Severe Hypoxemia ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) occurs in some healthy humans at sea-level, whereby the most aerobically trained individuals develop the most severe hypoxemia. A female competitive runner completed 2 maximal exercise tests. Maximal oxygen consumption increased by 15% between testing days, but the degree of hypoxemia remained similar (PaO2, SaO2; 82 and 80 mm Hg; 93.8% and 92.8%; first and second test, respectively). Our case indicates that EIAH does not necessarily worsen with aerobic training.

Physical activity and multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Motl ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Erin M Snook
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
The Difference

Using meta-analytic procedures, this study involved a quantitative synthesis of the difference in physical activity among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with nondiseased and diseased populations and then examined factors (i.e., moderators) that explain variation in the overall difference in physical activity. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Current Contents Plus using the key words physical activity, exercise and physical fitness in conjunction with multiple sclerosis; conducted a manual search of bibliographies of the retrieved papers; and contacted study authors about additional studies. Overall, 53 effects were retrieved from 13 studies with 2360 MS participants and yielded a weighted mean effect size (ES) of -0.60 (95% CI= -0.44,-0.77). The weighted mean ES was heterogenous, Q=1164.11, df=52, p<0.0001. There were larger effects with objective versus self-report measures of physical activity, nondiseased versus diseased populations and primary progressive versus relapsing-remitting MS. The cumulative evidence suggests that individuals with MS are less physically active than nondiseased, but not diseased, populations.

scholarly journals Association Between Physical Activity and Post menopausal Symptoms in Saudi Women: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Muneera Almurdi ◽  
◽  
Syamala Buragadda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: Menopause is the termination of a woman’s menstrual cycle for a year. In this condition, women’s health status declines due to hormonal changes and aging. Physical Activity (PA) is among the best available alternatives for managing menopause-related symptoms without any adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the relationship between PA and symptoms, such as fatigue, depression, and insomnia in Saudi menopausal women. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 60 menopausal women; they were divided into physically active and inactive groups. The group allocation was conducted based on their PA level determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form (IPAQ-SF). Menopausal symptoms, such as fatigue, depression, and insomnia were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively, in the study groups. The association between PA and fatigue, depression, and insomnia was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: Fatigue, depression, and insomnia were more prevalent in physically inactive post-menopause women than the active women. A significant difference was observed in the outcome variables between the study groups. Furthermore, a significant association was detected between PA and fatigue, depression, and insomnia in the study participants. Discussion: Half of the explored menopausal women were physically active. Physically active menopausal women presented less fatigue, depression, and insomnia, compared to their inactive counterparts. This study suggested that PA positively impacted menopausal symptoms (fatigue, insomnia, & depression). Besides, the collected results highlighted the importance of physical activity among menopausal women.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Reasons Motivating Undergraduate Students to Physical Activity According to Behavior Change Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2102
Author(s):  
Ahmet Naci Dilek ◽  
Zeki Taş
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Difference

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the reasons that motivate undergraduate students to physical activity according to the stages of behavior change. Method: A total of 598 students, including 328 male and 270 female students, voluntarily participated in the research conducted with the screening model. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and LSD tests were used for statistical operations. Results: The difference between interest and physical fitness dimension scores between male and female students was statistically significant (p<.05). In the dimension of interest and physical fitness, female's scores are higher than male's. In the study, statistically significant differences were found in interest, ability, appearance, physical fitness and social dimensions according to age category (p<.05). Statistically significant differences were found in all sub-dimensions when comparing the sub-dimensions of the reasons that motivate to participate in physical/sports activity according to the behavioral change steps (p<.01). Conclusion: It has been determined that while the factors that motivate undergraduate students to physical activity are different in terms of interest and physical fitness, they are similar in terms of ability, appearance and social dimension. It has been observed that physically active people are better in interest, physical fitness, ability, appearance and social dimensions than those who are not physically active. It is recommended to direct undergraduate students to be more physically active. Keywords: Behavior, Physical activity, Motivation

scholarly journals Modulation of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Oxidative Markers by Curcumin Supplementation in a Physically Active Population: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Lázaro ◽  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
Jesús Seco Calvo ◽  
Alfredo Córdova Martínez ◽  
Alberto Caballero García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Exercise Induced

Physical activity, particularly high-intensity eccentric muscle contractions, produces exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The breakdown of muscle fibers and the consequent inflammatory responses derived from EIMD affect exercise performance. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from turmeric, has been shown to have mainly antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory properties. This effect of curcumin could improve EIMD and exercise performance. The main objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the effectiveness of curcumin supplementation on EIMD and inflammatory and oxidative markers in a physically active population. A structured search was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the databases SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), and Medline (PubMed) from inception to October 2019. The search included original articles with randomized controlled crossover or parallel design in which the intake of curcumin administered before and/or after exercise was compared with an identical placebo situation. No filters were applied to the type of physical exercise performed, the sex or the age of the participants. Of the 301 articles identified in the search, 11 met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form. The use of curcumin reduces the subjective perception of the intensity of muscle pain; reduces muscle damage through the decrease of creatine kinase (CK); increases muscle performance; has an anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8; and may have a slight antioxidant effect. In summary, the administration of curcumin at a dose between 150–1500 mg/day before and during exercise, and up until 72 h’ post-exercise, improved performance by reducing EIMD and modulating the inflammation caused by physical activity. In addition, humans appear to be able to tolerate high doses of curcumin without significant side-effects.

Perception of Body Shape in Elderly White and Black Men

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Abadie ◽  
P. B. Schuler ◽  
B. P. Hunt ◽  
N. J. Lischkoff ◽  
C. J. Hallinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Black Elderly ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Difference

In assessing the effects of age, physical activity and ethnic identity on perception of body shape in a group of 110 elderly men, the difference was significant for perception of current and ideal body shape, with the greatest difference for the 49 physically active black elderly men.

scholarly journals Post-exercise urinary alpha-1 acid glycoprotein is not dependent on hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Elizabeth Joyce ◽  
George M. Balanos ◽  
Christopher Bradley ◽  
Amy Fountain ◽  
Arthur Randell Bradwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Physiologic Responses ◽  
Urine Specimens

Introduction: Proteinuria is a transient physiologic phenomenon that occurs with a range of physical activities and during ascent to altitude. Exercise intensity appears to dictate the magnitude of post-exercise proteinuria; however, evidence also indicates possible contributions from exercise-induced hypoxemia or reoxygenation. Utilizing an environmental hypoxic chamber, this crossover designed study aimed to evaluate urinary alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) excretion pre/post exercise performed in hypoxia and normoxia. Methods: Sixteen individuals underwent experimental sessions in normoxia (NOR, 20.9% O2) and hypoxia (HYP, 12.0% O2). Sessions began with a 2-hour priming period before completing a graded maximal exercise test (GXT) on a cycle ergometer, which was followed by continuation of exposure for an additional 2 hours. Physiologic responses (i.e., blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral oxygenation), Lake Louise Scores, and urine specimens (analyzed for albumin and α1-AGP) were collected pre- and post-exercise (after 30, 60, and 120 minutes). Results: Peak power output was significantly reduced in HYP (193 ± 45 W) compared to NOR (249 ± 59 W, p < 0.01). Post-exercise urinary α1-AGP was greater in NOR (20.04 ± 14.84 μg•min-1) compared to HYP (15.08 ± 13.46 μg•min-1), albeit the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Changes in urinary α1-AGP from pre- to post-30 minutes were not related to physiologic responses or performance outcomes observed during GXT in NOR or HYP. Conclusion: Despite profound systemic hypoxemia with maximal exercise in hypoxia, post-exercise α1-AGP excretion was not elevated above levels observed following normoxic exercise.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Levels of Hematological Parameters at Rest and after Maximum Exercise between Physically Active People with Spinal Cord Injury and Able-Bodied People

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12323
Author(s):  
Łukasz Szymczak ◽  
Tomasz Podgórski ◽  
Katarzyna Domaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of the study was to reveal the difference in the hematological reaction to the applied exercise-induced workload between the able-bodied and physically active people with cervical spinal cord injury. The study covered 11 males with spinal cord injury and 11 able-bodied persons. An incremental stress test was carried out until the maximum individual workloads were achieved. The peak oxygen uptake was measured with the use of the ergospirometric method. Venous blood test results at rest and after finishing the maximal exercise showed hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (HCT) value, erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC) and platelets (PLT) counts as well as the relative percentage of granulocytes (GRA), lymphocytes (LYM), and monocytes (MON). RBC, HCT as well as Hb and PLT among people with the injury were statistically lower (p < 0.001) large effect size, than in the control group. Statistically significant difference between the test and control group, subjected to the maximal exercise stress test, was observed in the exercise induced change of the PLT [p < 0.001, (ES: 2.631)] WBC [p < 0.05, (ES: 1.429)] and the percentage of LYM and GRA [p < 0.05, (ES: 1.447) for LYM and (ES: 1.332) for GRA] between both groups, subjected to the maximal cardiac stress test on the manual cycloergometer. The analysis of the obtained results indicates that people with spinal cord injury are much more vulnerable to the occurrence of microcytic anemia compared to able-bodied people. The after-exercise percentage shift of selected subpopulations of leukocytes in both groups indicates a delayed post-exercise recovery among people with spinal cord injury.

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