scholarly journals Annealing Effects on Photocatalytic Activity of Zn0.2Cd0.8S Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Feng Chai ◽  
Ling-Ling Wang ◽  
Gui-Fang Huang ◽  
Wei-Qing Huang ◽  
Yan-Hua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Annealing Effects ◽  
The Mean

Zn0.2Cd0.8S alloyed films were prepared on glass substrates at room temperature using chemical bath deposition method. The obtained films were annealed at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 500°C with heating rate of 5°C/min and annealed at 400°C with heating rate of 2°C/min and 10°C/min. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The increasing of annealing temperature increases the crystallinity and the mean grain size of Zn0.2Cd0.8S alloyed films and significantly enhances the absorption in the visible region. The efficient visible light photocatalytic activity for annealed Zn0.2Cd0.8S alloyed films is associated with the larger size grain and the higher crystallinity.

scholarly journals Preparation of high-entropy carbides by different sintering techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (19) ◽  
pp. 11237-11247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Pötschke ◽  
Manisha Dahal ◽  
Mathias Herrmann ◽  
Anne Vornberger ◽  
Björn Matthey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Pressure Sintering ◽  
Hardness Values

AbstractDense (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V)C- and (Ta, Nb, Ti, V, W)C-based high-entropy carbides (HEC) were produced by three different sintering techniques: gas pressure sintering/sinter–HIP at 1900 °C and 100 bar Ar, vacuum sintering at 2250 °C and 0.001 bar as well as SPS/FAST at 2000 °C and 60 MPa pressure. The relative density varied from 97.9 to 100%, with SPS producing 100% dense samples with both compositions. Grain size measurements showed that the substitution of Hf with W leads to an increase in the mean grain size of 5–10 times the size of the (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V,)C samples. Vacuum-sintered samples showed uniform grain size distribution regardless of composition. EDS mapping revealed the formation of a solid solution with no intermetallic phases or element clustering. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the structure of mostly single-phase cubic high-entropy carbides. Hardness measurements revealed that (Hf, Ta, Nb, Ti, V)C samples possess higher hardness values than (Ta, Nb, Ti, V, W)C samples.

Mechanical Properties of Porous Nanophase Materials Measured by Instrumental Indentation

1995 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Van Swygenhoven ◽  
W. Wagner ◽  
J. Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Condensation ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Nanophase Materials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Instrumental Indentation

AbstractMechanical properties of nanostructured intermetallic Ni3Al synthesized by the inert-gas condensation technique are studied by means of instrumental indentation using the ICT-CSEMEX indenter. This instrument is a microindenter which continously measures load and displacement. Load-displacement curves are performed as function of grain size, consolidation- and annealing temperature. The mean grain size of the samples are studied by means of x-ray diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering.

scholarly journals Growth of Polycrystalline In2S3 Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Using Acetic Acid as a Complexing Agent for Solar Cell Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Gopinath ◽  
K. T. Ramakrishna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates

In2S3 films have been successfully deposited on Corning glass substrates via chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using acetic acid as a novel complexing agent. The layers were grown by employing synthesis using indium sulphate and thioacetamide (TA) as precursors by varying TA concentration in the range of 0.1–0.5 M, keeping other deposition parameters constant. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) revealed an increase of S/In ratio in the films with the increase of TA concentration in the solution. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a change in preferred orientation from (311) plane related to cubic structure to the (103) direction corresponding to the tetragonal crystal structure. The evaluated crystallite size varied in the range of 15–25 nm with the increase of TA concentration. Morphological analysis showed that the granular structure and the granular density decrease with the raise of TA concentration. The optical properties of the layers were also investigated using UV-Vis-NIR analysis, which indicated that all the In2S3 films had the optical transmittance >60% in the visible region, and the evaluated energy band varied in the range of 2.87–3.32 eV with the change of TA concentration. Further, a thin film heterojunction solar cell was fabricated using a novel absorber layer, SnS, with In2S3 as a buffer. The unoptimized SnS/In2S3/ZnO:Al solar cell showed a conversion efficiency of 0.6%.

Photoreactive Carbon and Nitrogen-Codoped ZnWO4 Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Reactivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hua Chen ◽  
Bi Xuan Wang ◽  
Xian Hua Qiu ◽  
Zhen Sheng Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Uv Visible

In order to improve ZnWO4 photocatalytic activity under visible light, the C, N-codoped ZnWO4 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by choosing C3N4 generated from tripolycyanamide pyrolysis as the source of Carbon and Nitrogen and the influence of C3N4 concentration on structural, optical and morphological properties of C, N-codoped ZnWO4 using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photocatalytic decoloration of rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under visible light. It was found that the presence of carbon and nitrogen could not improve the crystallization of ZnWO4 species but could enhance their photoabsorption property in the visible region. The results also showed that the photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared ZnWO4 is higher than that of pure ZnWO4 with the optimum effect occurring at RC3N4 = 9 % (the weight ratio of tripolycyanamide to ZnWO4)

scholarly journals Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based onBi4Ti3O12

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Chen ◽  
Shengjun Li ◽  
Weifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) particles were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment and nanoporous thin films were prepared on conducting glass substrates. The structures and morphologies of the samples were examined with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Significant absorbance spectra emerged in visible region which indicated the efficient sensitization of Bi4Ti3O12with N3 dye. Surface photovoltaic properties of the samples were investigated by surface photovoltage. The results further indicate that N3 can extend the photovoltaic response range of Bi4Ti3O12nanoparticles to the visible region, which shows potential application in dye-sensitized solar cell. As a working electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the overall efficiency reached 0.48% after TiO2modification.

STUDY OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION OF ZnS THIN FILMS WITH SUBSTRATE VIBRATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Q. BIAN ◽  
X. B. XU ◽  
J. B. CHU ◽  
Z. SUN ◽  
Y. W. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Zns Films

An improved chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique has been provided to prepare zinc sulfide ( ZnS ) thin films on glass substrates deposited at 80–82°C using a mixed aqueous solution of zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate, thiourea, hydrazine hydrate, and ammonia at the alkaline conditions. Both the traditional magnetic agitation and the substrates vibration by hand frequently were done simultaneously during the deposition. The substrates vibration reduced the formation and residence of gas bubbles on the glass substrates during growth and resulted in growth of clean ZnS thin films with high quality. Ammonia and hydrazine hydrate were used as complexing agents. It is found that hydrazine hydrate played an important role in growth of ZnS films. The structure and microstructure of ZnS films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectroscopic methods. The XRD showed a hexagonal structure. The formed ZnS films exhibited good optical properties with high transmittance in the visible region and the band gap value was estimated to be 3.5–3.70 eV.

Structure, Magnetic Properties and Defects Distribution of Mn0.5Zn0.5LaxFe2-xO4 Nanocrystals

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 706-708
Author(s):  
Li Qun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
La Substitution ◽  
The Mean

La-substitution Mn-Zn ferrite nanocrystals, Mn0.5Zn0.5LaxFe2-xO4 (x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were prepared by sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) studies were carried out. The result of XRD suggests that the mean grain size decreases from 63.8 nm to 44.6 nm with the increment of La-substitution concentration from x=0.00 to 0.20. The VSM measurement shows that the saturation magnetization (MS) increases in the range of x<0.10, then it drastically decreases in the range of 0.10<x<0.20. At last, defects property is discussed using PALS.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED CdO FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 1250135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIAD A. ASMIAL ◽  
ABDUL-MAJEED E. AL-SAMARAI ◽  
SABRI J. MOHMED ◽  
HANI H. AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Cadmium Oxide ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Cadmium Nitrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Transmittance ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cdo Films

Nanostructured CdO films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Cadmium nitrate salt was used as a source of cadmium ions ( Cd +2). The effect of solution molarity on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of nanostructured CdO films had been investigated. To obtain a good film stoichiometry, films were heated in a static air temperature of 673 K for 90 min. X-ray diffraction results showed the formation of polycrystalline cadmium oxide structure. The average grain size and root mean square of roughness values obtained from AFM investigation were 87 nm and 13 nm respectively for CdO film prepared with 0.03 M and 98 nm and 17 nm respectively for CdO film prepared with 0.1 M. The average transmittance of CdO films in the visible region was between 70–80% with a corresponding direct optical energy of 2.41–2.5 eV. The electrical resistivity of nanostructured CdO films at temperatures 300–500 K was measured.

Preparation of hexagonal cerium oxide nanoflakes by a surfactant-free route and its optical property

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3006-3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yu ◽  
P. Ye ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
S. Yang ◽  
P. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Emission Peak ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strong Reflection ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pl Emission

Hexagonal cerium oxide nanoflakes have been synthesized by using a surfactant-free route. Transmission electcron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller adsorption isotherm (BET), photoluminescence (PL), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) were used to characterize the sample. The mean size of the nanoflakes is about 30 nm and the specific surface is about 70.08 m2·g−1 when annealed at 400 °C. The acidity and superfluous NH4NO3 play a key role on the formation of nanoflakes in which there exists Ce (IV) and very little Ce (III). The nanoflakes exhibit a wide PL emission peak among 350–400 nm, strong absorption ranged from 200–450 nm, and strong reflection in the visible region. As the sizes of as-prepared samples decrease, a clear blue shift in the absorbing edge is observed. The linear relationship between ΔEg and D is shown in a log–log plot. The as-prepared cerium oxide nanoflakes can be widely used as UV absorbent and polishing materials.

scholarly journals Effect some Factors on the Structural Properties of the CdS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatma Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cds Thin Films ◽  
Temperature Deposition ◽  
Xrd Patterns

CdS thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) onto the glass substrates at different conditions of preparation. The obtained samples are studied by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns of CdS samples revealed the formation with a hexagonal crystal structure P36mc, and the clear effect of the concentration of thiourea, cadmium sulfide, NaOH, time and temperature deposition, and annealing temperature, on the structure of the prepared thin films. through the study, we found that the samples have preferred orientation along [002], also the thickness of thin films decrease with deposition time after certain value, with the appearance of free cadmium. It has been found that the 200°C is the best temperature for annealing to improve the other structural and physical properties of films.

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