scholarly journals ISOLATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES TESTS FROM HEXANE EXTRACT OF STEM BARK MELOCHIA UMBELLATA (HOUTT) STAPF VAR. DEGRABRATA K

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Usman ◽  
Muh Amir M ◽  
Nunuk Hariani Soekamto ◽  
Ahyar Ahmad ◽  
Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Inhibitory Zone

Objectives: This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and antibacterial activity of stem bark extract Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata.Methods: M. umbellata stem bark was extracted by maceration using methanol solvent. Separation and purification were done by partitioning, fractionation with chromatography, and recrystallization. Antibacterial activity test of hexane extract and third isolate from the bark of M. umbellata was done by agar diffusion method against bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results: Phytochemical test showed that the hexane extracts of bark M. umbellata containing alkaloids and triterpenoids. Isolate D is a triterpenoid group compound, while FKa and FKb are steroid group compound. The hexane extract had the highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone diameter 12.0 mm. Isolate D has a weak inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. The highest diameters inhibition zone of isolated FKa compound against B. subtilis and S. aureus bacteria was 18.0 mm and 13.0 mm, respectively, whereas, the highest diameter inhibition of zone FKb compound against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone was 12.0 mm.Conclusion: The FKa compound from the bark of M. umbellata has the potential to be antibacterial because the compound is able to inhibit bacterial growth with ˃14 mm obstacle zone, especially against B. subtilis bacteria.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dari Kulit Batang Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Nurul Cholifah ◽  
Ahmad Ridhay ◽  
Pasjan Satrimafitrah ◽  
Ruslan ◽  
Hardi Ys
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. stem bark has been tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. stem bark was used maceration method with methanol solvent and has obtained extract yield of 6.1%. The antibacterial activity test of Moringa oleifera stem bark extracts used a well diffusion method. The concentration of Moringa oleifera stem bark extract was varied to four concentrations of 1% 2% 3% 4% (w/v). The inhibition zone of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark against Staphylococcus aureus at extract concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% was 10.08 mm, 11.8 mm, 15.00 mm, and 17.02 mm, respectively. The methanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% could also inhibition of Escherichia coli growth with inhibition zone of 14.01 mm, 16.50 mm, 17.09 mm, and 17.10 mm, respectively. Keywords: Moringa Oleifera Lam., Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

scholarly journals POTENSI EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN ANDALIMAN (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

Alotrop ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Oma Sepriani ◽  
Nurhamidah Nirhamidah ◽  
Dewi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
North Sumatra

The aims of this study is to determine the secondary metabolite compounds in Roots, stem bark, leaves and fruit of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC), and determine the most potent part of Andaliman plant extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Andaliman plant taken in Simarpingan, Sipaholon village sub district of North Sumatra. Part of the Andaliman plantar are cleaned, cut into small pieces and then dried and mashed, samples that have been finely phytochemically tested and extracted. Testing of secondary metabolite compound by doing phytochemical screening of roots, stem bark, leaves and fruit of Andaliman, alkaloid test using meyers reagent, terpenoid test and steroid using TLC plate with eluent n-hexana : ethyl acetate with ratio 6:4, flavonoid test using soluton HCl and Mg band, saponin test using soap test, tannin test using ferro (III) chloride solution. Test of antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. Phytochemical results showed that all parts of the plant andaliman contain secondary metabolite compounds namely alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and also saponins. The result of antibacterial activity test of leaf extract of leaf and leaf which has the most potential as antibacterial of S.aureus is bark. Because it able to inhibit S.aureus growth with 11 mm inhibition zone at concentration 5x104 ppm, which is included in the strong category. In addition to skin of andaliman leaf stem is also potential as an antibacterial with a 10 mm inhibition zone at concentration 5x104 ppm, which is included in the medium category.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli from squid ink (Loligo sp.) n-Hexane extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
D R Utami ◽  
I Irwan ◽  
S Agustina ◽  
S Karina ◽  
S Afriani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Intermediate Concentration

Abstract Squid is one of the export commodities in Indonesia. In general, the use of squid meat, while the ink is only as waste. In fact, Squid ink contain bioactive compound that potential as anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic,anti-microbial and anti-malaria agents. The purpose of the study is to determine the types of secondary metabolite compounds contained in n-hexane extract of Loligo sp. ink using maceration method to determine its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The results of secondary metabolite compounds obtained from the n-hexane extract of Loligo sp. ink are alkaloid, saponins, glycosides and phenol. The results of antibacterial test against E. coli using the disc method obtained the average of inhibition zone diameter at the concentration of 4% is 6.3 mm (intermediate), concentration of 8% is 7.83 mm (intermediate), concentration of 16% is 14.5 mm (susceptible) and concentration of 32% is 10.83 mm (intermediate). The antibacterial activity in n-hexane extract of Loligo sp. ink is optimal at the concentration of 16% against E. coli bacteria.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Ethanolic Wild African Nutmeg (Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Stem Bark Extract Potentials and Selected Conventional Toothpaste against Hidden Resident Mouth Cavity Microfora

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-36
Author(s):  
Mouth cavity Microfora. ◽  
Teniola Temitayo Mary
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Mouth Cavity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Streptococcus Ratti

The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of ethanolic stem extract of (Wild African nutmeg) Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) and some commercially available toothpaste against bacteria isolated from the hidden resident mouth cavity microfora. Bacteria were isolated from swabs of apparently healthy individuals and were identified using Staining procedure biochemical tests and the use of Bergey’s manual of bacteria identification  The assay for antibacterial activity of Pycnanthus angolensis stem bark extract and the four toothpastes were determined using agar well diffusion method. The Gram positive bacteria isolated were Streptococcus sangus, Streptococcus ratti, Stomatococcus mucilaginous., Peptostreptococcus  sp., and Streptococcus mutans and the Gram negative bacteria were Veillonella atypical, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella dispar and Acidiaminococcus sp. Oral B toothpaste showed maximum efficacy of inhibition with inhibition zone diameter as wide as 20 mm at 100 mg/ml. Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Close-up) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.13%, Veillonella parvula (10%), Veillonella dispar (12%), Peptostreptococcus  sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(9%), Streptococcus ratti (13%), Veillonella atypical (11%), Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (11%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Oral B toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora reveals Acidaminococcus sp.(11%,) Veillonella dispar (11%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp. (12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(15%), Streptococcus ratti (11%), Veillonella atypical (8%), Streptococcus sangus (10%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution  of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (MyMy toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.(12%), Veillonella dispar (9%), Veillonella parvula (8%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(10%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(16%), Streptococcus ratti (9%), Veillonella atypical (15%),Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Olive toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora shows Acidaminococcus sp.(9%), Veillonella dispar (10%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(13%), Streptococcus ratti (10%) ,Veillonella atypical (17%), Streptococcus sangus (7%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%). Pycnanthus Angolensis stem bark extract inhibited the growth of the oral bacterial isolates with of zones of inhibition diameter ranging from 6 mm to 17 mm at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Secondary metabolite (Phytochemical) screening shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroid, phenol, terpenoid, pyrrolozidine alkaloid, glycoside and cardiac glycoside with glycoside and terpenoid most present. However, anthraquinones and volatile oil were absent. With menial antibacterial activity, P. angolensis can be use in the formulation of herbal toothpaste. It should be advocated that Pycnanthus angolensis should be added to our convention toothpaste to improve the functional ingredient of the toothpaste and Plant-based traditional knowledge has become a recognized tool in search for new sources of drugs. It is clear that the use of these herbal plants can offer a platform for further research.

scholarly journals Anticandidal Potential of Stem Bark Extract from Schima superba and the Identification of Its Major Anticandidal Compound

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Wu ◽  
Hong-Tan Wu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Guey-Horng Wang ◽  
Xue Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Promising Source

Plant-derived extracts are a promising source of new drugs. Schima superba is traditionally used in China for heat clearing, detoxification, and treatment of furuncles. In this study, the anticandidal properties and mechanism of action of S. superba (SSE) were explored using a stem bark extract. SSE possessed high polyphenol and saponin contents of 256.6 ± 5.1 and 357.8 ± 31.5 µg/mg, respectively. A clear inhibition zone was observed for C. albicans growth through the disc diffusion method and the 50% inhibition of C. albicans by SSE was 415.2 µg/mL. Transcriptomic analysis in C. albicans treated with different doses of SSE was conducted through RNA-seq. Average values of 6068 genes and 20,842,500 clean reads were identified from each sample. Among these samples, 1680 and 1956 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the SSE treatments of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL, respectively. C. albicans growth was inhibited by the changes in gene expression associated with the cell wall and membrane composition including the regulation of chitin degradation and ergosterol biosynthesis. This result could be reflected in the irregularly wrinkled morphology of the ruptured cell as revealed through SEM analysis. ESI-MS and NMR analyses revealed that the major compound purified from SSE was sasanquasaponin III and the 50% inhibition of C. albicans was 93.1 µg/mL. In summary, the traditional Chinese medicine S. superba can be applied as an anticandidal agent in complementary and alternative medicine.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Perfume: Combination Flower Magnolia alba, Cananga odorata and Mimusops elengi L, Fixed with Pogostemon cablin Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Rosnani Nasution ◽  
Azalia Izdhihar Azwar ◽  
Hira Helwati ◽  
Marianne
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Mimusops Elengi ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Abstract: The making of perfume from the combination Magnolia  alba (M. alba) flower oil, Cananga odorata (C. odorata) and Mimusops elengi L (M. elengi) fixed with Pogostemon cablin oil (P. cablin) have been done. Essential oil of M. alba and C. odorata was distilled by water distillation and extraction essential oil of M. elengi flower using n-hexane evaporated solvent method. Composition perfume through organoleptic test obtained with a ratio of 4% v/v, 4% v/v, and 2% v/v for each essential oil M. alba, C. odorata and M. elengi. Antibacterial activity of the perfume and each of the volatile oil was performed by the disc diffusion method. Antibacterial activity test showed that perfumes were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria, but less active. Antibacterial activity of the perfume was more active against E. coli with an inhibitory zone of 8.3 mm and 39.81% inhibitory power  than S. aureus bacterial 7.3 mm inhibition zone with 37.55% inhibitory power. Perfumes after storage for  one, and two months had better antibacterial activity than before storage with an average inhibitory zone of 11-15 mm and inhibitory power of 50- 68,18%.   Keywords: Antibacterial, E. Coli, C. Odorata, M. alba, M. elengi, P. cablin, , S. aureus  

scholarly journals Fitokimia Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Daun KAF(Chisocheton sp. (C. DC) HARMS)

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Florentin Natalia Melsadalam ◽  
Dewa Gede Katja ◽  
Meiske S. Sangi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder  dari ekstrak daun kaf menggunakan tiga jenis pelarut yakni n-heksan, etil asetat, dan metanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dengan metode difusi yang menggunakan bakteri Staphylococcusaureus dan Escherichia coli. Dari hasil pengujian fitokimia, ketiga ekstrak tersebut menunjukan bahwa sampel mengandung senyawa; alkaloid, saponin, steroid, flavonoid dan tanin. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri  dengan metode difusi menunjukan hasil yang paling tinggi aktivitas antibakteri adalah  estrak etil asetat dengan zona hambat 35,75 mm terhadap bakteri  Staphylococcus aureus, sedangkan pada ekstrak metanol memiliki zona hambat 23,75 mm terhadap bakteri Escherichia coliResearch has been carried out aimed at identifying secondary metabolites of kaf leaf extract using three types of solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol.The obtained extracts were tested for antibacterial activity by diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. From the results of phytochemical testing, the three extracts showed that the sample contained compounds; alkaloids, saponins, steroids, flavonoids and tannins. Antibacterial activity testing with diffusion method showed the highest antibacterial activity was estracethyl ethyl acetate with 35.75 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, whereas methanol had 23.75 mm inhibitory zone against Escherichia coli bacteria

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Nudibranches Polka - Dot (Jorunna funebris) (Gastropods : Molusc) Extract Against Multi(Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Nudibranch Polka-Dot (Jorunna funebris) (Gastropoda : Moluska) Terhadap Bakteri Multidrug Resistant (MDR))

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Masnah Jumiati ◽  
Ali Ridho
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Fraction I

Terjadinya resistensi antibiotik menjadi permasalahan dalam dunia kesehatan. Peningkatan kemampuan patogen dalam menahan efek obat menyebabkan timbulnya resistensi. Beberapa bakteri patogen pada manusia dilaporkan telah mengalami resistensi terhadap lebih dari satu kelas antibiotik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan pencarian senyawa antibiotik baru yang lebih efektif dalam mengatasi permasalahan bakteri Multi-drug Resistant (MDR). Metabolit sekunder yang diproduksi oleh invertebrata laut  mempunyai prospek sebagai bahan obat dari laut. Nudibranch diduga mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder sebagai mekanisme pertahanan diri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fraksi dari ekstrak nudibranch Jorunna funebris yang menunjukkan bioaktivitas terhadap bakteri Multi-drug Resistant (MDR). Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Fraksinasi dengan Kromatografi Kolom Terbuka (KKT). Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar. Analisis komponen senyawa dengan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 8 fraksi ekstrak nudibranch J. funebris menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil uji aktivitas menunjukkan fraksi I paling aktif terhadap 5 bakteri uji yaitu Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter 5 dan Enterobacter 10 dengan rata-rata zona hambatan secara berurutan sebesar 12,78 mm; 12,51 mm; 15,47 mm; 14,09 mm dan 12,46 mm. Fraksi II paling aktif terhadap bakteri Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus dengan rata-rata zona hambatan sebesar 12,70 mm. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa dalam fraksi II terdapat senyawa 1-oktadekanol yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Kata kunci : nudibranch, Jorunna funebris, antibakteri, multi-drug resistant, 1-oktadekanol Emergence of antibiotic resistance become a problems on medical world. Increasing pathogen ability to hold the antibiotic effect caused resistance. Several human-patogen bacteria were resistance to one or more classes of antibiotics. To solve those problems, it is necessary to search new antibiotic compounds that more effective to solve the problem of Multi-drug Resistant (MDR). The secondary metabolite produced by marine invertebrates have prospect as a marine biomedical. Nudibranch may produce the secondary metabolite as chemical defense mechanism. The purpose of the research was to obtain fraction from extract nudibranch Jorunna funebris that capable of bioactivity for Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria. Extraction process was conducted with maceration method. Crude extracts were fractionated by Open Column Chromatography. Antibacterial activity test was done using disk diffusion method. Chemical compounds were analyzed with GC-MS. The result showed that 8 fractions of nudibranch J. funebris extract showed antibacterial activity. Activity test showed fraction I has ability to inhibit Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter 5 and Enterobacter 10 with average value of inhibitory zone was 12,78 mm; 12,51 mm; 15,47 mm; 14,09 mm and 12,46 mm. Fraction II has ability to inhibit Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus with mean inhibitory zone was 12,70 mm. GC-MS analyses showed 1-octadecanol from fraction II, that capable as antibacterial compound. Key words: nudibranch, Jorunna funebris, antibacterial, multi-drug resistant, 1-octadecanol

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of extracts from stem bark of Tagetes minuta

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
L.I. Santi ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Tagetes minuta hexane stem bark extract (TMHESB), chloroform stem bark extract (TMCHSB), ethyl acetate stem bark extract (TMEASB) and methanolic stem bark extract (TMMESB) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities using hole-plate diffusion method. Six bacterial isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli (wild), Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and two fungal isolates viz. Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum were used for this study. The inhibition zones were found to be in the ranges of 10.0±1.6 to 15.5±1.9 mm against bacterial isolates and 11.3±2.1 to 13.4±1.2 mm against P. digitatum. However, these extracts did not exhibit any visible inhibition zone against C. albicans. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were also determined and was found to be in the range of <31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. From this study, we concluded that extracts of the stem bark of T. minuta showed a moderate to significant antimicrobial activities. T. minuta has been used in food and beverage industries as preservative, coloring and flavoring agents. T. minuta also finds therapeutic applications in the traditional medicine.

scholarly journals (Ointment Formulation from N-Hexane Extract of Majapahit Leaves (Crescentia cujete l.) and its Antibacterial Activity Evaluation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

MEDULA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fery I Armadany ◽  
Andi E.P. Putri ◽  
Erlina D. Sasmin ◽  
Mallarangeng Andi N.T.A. Mallarangeng
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ointment Formulation ◽  
Crescentia Cujete

ABSTRACT Background:  Majapahit leaves (Crescentia cujete L.) are known to contain biochemical compounds namely tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins which are effective as antimicrobials. Objective(s): This study aimed to formulate ointment from n-hexane extract of majapahit leaves and to known its antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Methods: ointment ingredients are vaselin, cera alba, liquid paraffin, and menthol and 2% of Majapahit leaves n-hexane extract. Ointment stability test included organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and irritation tests. Evaluation of stability of ointment was obtained by using cycling test method. The irritation test was carried out by open patch test on 6 panellists. Diffusion method is used to obtain antimicrobial activity. Results: The antimicrobial   activity    (diameter   inhibition   zone)   of    the    ointment    against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was 11 mm and the positive control was 13 mm. The formula showed no change on texture, colour, aroma, viscosity, homogeneity, but there was slight increase in viscosity and pH. The ointment showed non-irritating for panellists thus the ointment formulation is safe for topical use. Conclusion: 2% n-hexane extract of Majapahit leaves can be formulated into ointment with good stability with strong antibacterial activity and non-irritating. Keywords:  antibacterial  activity,  majapahit  leaves,  N-hexane  extract,  ointment,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document