scholarly journals Adaptogenic Activity of Lyophilized Hydroethanol Extract of Pandanus odoratissimus in Swiss Albino Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prafulla P. Adkar ◽  
Pranita P. Jadhav ◽  
Shirishkumar D. Ambavade ◽  
V. H. Bhaskar ◽  
Tushar Shelke
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Time ◽  
Pandanus Odoratissimus ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Adaptogenic Activity ◽  
Anoxia Stress

Background. The leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus Linn have been widely used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of common and stress related disorders. In the present investigation, hydroethanol extract of leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus Linn (LEPO) were evaluated for antistress activity in normal and stress induced mice. Furthermore, the extract was studied for nootropic (adaptogenic) activity in mice and in vitro antioxidant potential to correlate with its adaptogenic and antistress activity. LEPO (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o) was evaluated against forced swimming endurance stress test, anoxia stress tolerance and immobilization stress and chronic cold resistant stress tests, and biomarkers (serum glucose, Corticosterone, WBC, RBC, and DLC count) to assess the antistress activity in mice. Withania somnifera (WS) (100 mg/kg p.o) was selected as reference standard. The parameters like anoxia stress tolerance time were recorded in anoxia stress and estimation of biochemical marker levels and determination of organs weight were carried out in immobilization stress models. Results. Concomitant treatment with LEPO 200 mg/kg significantly increased in anoxia stress tolerance time. Dose dependent significant reduction in serum glucose, corticosterone, and WBC, RBC, and DLC was observed in immobilisation stress model as compared to stressed group. LEOP 200 mg/kg and WS 100 mg/kg significantly reversed/inhibited the stress induced changes in these parameters. The results from the present study indicate that these values also express that dose dependent significant adaptogenic activity in stressed animals. Conclusion. The present study provides scientific support for the antistress (adaptogenic) and nootropic activities of lyophilized hydroethanol extract of Pandanus odoratissimus Linn and substantiate the traditional claims for the usage of Pandanus in stress induced disorders.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIAL OF ACORUS CALAMUS LINN. IN HIGH FAT CAFETERIA DIET FED OBESE RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athesh K ◽  
Joshi G
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: To study the anti-obesity potential of aqueous rhizome extract of Acoruscalamus Linn. (AREAC)in high fat diet fed obese rats.Methods: Adult strain male Wistar rats used in this study were fed with High Fat Diet (HFD) for 60 days. For the treatment groups,AREAC was administered in a dose levels of100, 200 and 300 mg/kgbw, orally once a day along with HFD. Rats fed with normal pellet chow were served as normal control. The effect of AREAC on physical parameterssuch as body weight, organ weight, fat pad weights and various biochemical parameterslike serum glucose, insulin, leptin,lipid profile, liver markers, kidney markers and oxidative stress markers were analysed.In-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay of AREAC was also studied.Results: Data of in-vivo studies revealedsignificant (p<0.05) reduction in percentage body weight gain, organ weights, fat pad weights and levels of serum glucose, insulin and leptin after treatment with AREAC in a dose dependent manner. Also, administration of AREAC significantly inhibited the increases in the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, free-fatty acid and phospholipids in a dose dependent manner whereas, the level of HDL-cholesterol was found to be elevated on treatment. Moreover, on treatment with test drug,the elevated levels of serum liver and kidney markerssuch as AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine were also brought back to near normalcy. Antioxidant status was found to be enhanced in liver tissues after treatment.In-vitro studies showed significant inhibition in the activity of pancreatic lipaseby AREAC.Conclusion: The data of the results obtained clearly depicted that AREAC was found to have pronounced anti-obesity activity particularly at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg bw.Key Words: Obesity, High Fat Diet, Leptin, AcoruscalamusLinn., Orlistat.  

scholarly journals ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECT OF A NOVEL NANO POLYMER OF THYMOL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
ELAHE KARIMI ◽  
SHAHRYAR ABBASI ◽  
ALI AIDY ◽  
HORI GHANEIALVAR ◽  
SHAHRAM MOHAMMADPOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol nano polymer on the blood biochemical parameters and anti-diabetic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The synthesized nano polymer (NP) was characterized by using different spectroscopy methods, such as IR, HNMR and CNMR. Loading and releasing of thymol were investigated by HPLC. Eleven groups of the Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats (overall 110 males) were tested through various biochemical factors such as: serum glucose, insulin, liver function-related enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin by ELISA kit methods. Results: It has shown that thymol nano polymer is desirable for transferring drug. The amount of thymol loaded on NP estimated at 43±2.5 %. Then, 65% of the loaded drug was released. LD50 for thymol and thymol nano polymer were 435 and 583 mg/kg, respectively. thymol nano polymer at doses of 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced blood glucose, increased insulin levels, and controlled liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The use of thymol nano polymer appears to be a new aspect concerning to protect diabetes-induced damage in the animal model.

scholarly journals Apoptosis Contributes to Amphotericin B- Induced Nephrotoxicity

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina E. Varlam ◽  
Mustafa M. Siddiq ◽  
Lance A. Parton ◽  
Holger Rüssmann
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Recombinant Human Insulin ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate whether apoptosis contributes to nephrotoxicity caused by amphotericin B (AmB). By detecting apoptosis-specific DNA fragmentation, it is demonstrated that proximal tubular cells (LLC-PK1) and medullary interstitial cells (RMIC) respond with programmed cell death when treated with therapeutic doses of AmB. Concomitant application of AmB and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1), a known antiapoptotic agent, abrogated apoptosis in vitro. To validate that the observed apoptotic effects on renal tissue culture cells are applicable to an in vivo setting, an animal model was used for verification. Therefore, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with AmB. The drug caused hypokalemia, decreased weight gain, loss of renal concentrating ability, and dehydration in a dose-dependent fashion. Microscopic examination of renal tissue sections revealed apoptotic alterations predominantly in proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells. To verify that the observed clinical side effects were linked to apoptosis, rhIGF-1 was applied concomitantly with AmB. In all animals, rhIGF-1 prevented the above-mentioned clinical side effects. Moreover, significantly reduced apoptosis was observed in renal tissue sections of these animals, indicating the relevance of apoptosis in nephrotoxicity. This is the first report to demonstrate that AmB induces apoptosis in the rat kidney in a dose-dependent fashion. The incidence of apoptosis correlates with renal toxicity and can be abrogated by concomitant treatment with rhIGF-1.

scholarly journals Observation of Physiological Changes after Detomidine Administration in Pateri Goat

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tunio ◽  
Shamasuddin Bughio ◽  
Jam Kashif Sahito ◽  
Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah ◽  
Mahdi Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Serum Glucose Level ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the physiological effects of detomidine on Pateri goats. A total of six female Pateri goats were randomly treated with three different dose rates of Detomidine at 40 μg, 50 μg and 60 μg/kg body weights. The effects of Detomidine on respiratory and heart rate, rectal temperature and serum glucose level were investigated. Following detomidine intravenous administration in goats, it produced dose dependent effect on physiological parameters. Respiratory and heart rate decreased after intravenous administration in all goats. The heart rate decreased at 5 min with all dose rates and returned to the base line at 60 min. This change in heart rate was dose dependent and there was no significant (P>0.05) change observed with 40 μg and 50 μg/kg of Detomidine. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) at 75 min between the 40 μg and 60 μg/kg of Detomidine in all goats. However, significant (P<0.01) increase in serum glucose level occurred with all dose rates at 30 min compared with control groups. It is concluded that Detomidine has produced no adverse effect on physiological parameters.

Behavioral analysis of anxiolytic action of phenazepam in conditions of an acute psychogenic stress (predator presentation) in Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Aleksandr S. Devyashin ◽  
Aleksandra A. Blazhenko ◽  
Sergei V. Kazakov ◽  
Viktor A. Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Psychogenic Stress ◽  
Pharmacological Substance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

We studied the effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic phenazepam after the predator presentation to Danio rerio. The test of novelty was used: the fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or H2O) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing were measured. It is shown that, in response to the novelty of tank, the fish are reacted by submerging to the bottom, increasing the frizing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After phenazepam administration, the fish were not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. The average path length did not change significantly in the range of doses used. The number and time of the frizing, as well as the time spent in the lower part of the novel tank, decreased more than 2 times compared to the control group of animals and showed a dose-dependent effect. The number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank for the experiment increased significantly from 1 in the control to 57 after phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. At the same time, the number of movements of fish to the upper part of the novel tank significantly increased more than 2 times from 3th min of the experiment with the use of phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. Predator presentation (Hypsophrys nicaraguensis) caused an increase in the number of freezing (temporary immobilization) and a decrease in the length of the trajectory of movement in the novel tank as compared with the Danio rerio control group. Phenazapam at a dose of 1 mg/l removed the effects of a predator, while exhibiting a typical effect: the number of movements to the upper part of the tank during the experiment significantly increased to 30; the time at the bottom of the tank was halved. It was concluded that the novelty stress test and the test with a predator are highly sensitive for studying anxiety-phobic reactions in Danio rerio.

scholarly journals Linalyl acetate restores endothelial dysfunction and hemodynamic alterations in diabetic rats exposed to chronic immobilization stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 1274-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Kyoung Shin ◽  
Yu Shan Hsieh ◽  
Soonho Kwon ◽  
Hui Su Lee ◽  
Geun Hee Seol
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Although stress is one of the risk factors of diabetes, few studies have assessed the effects of stress on diabetic rats. This study, therefore, analyzed differences in cardiovascular-related factors among control, nonstressed diabetic, and stressed diabetic rats as well as assessed the effects of linalyl acetate (LA) on stressed diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to immobilization stress throughout the experimental period, and diabetes was induced on day 15 by a single injection of streptozotocin. After confirming the induction of diabetes, stressed diabetic rats were administered LA (10 or 100 mg/kg) or metformin (500 mg/kg) for the last 7 days. Compared with nonstressed diabetic rats, stressed diabetic rats had significantly lower body weight, body fat percentage, ACh-induced vasorelaxation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and NF-κB expression as well as increased serum nitrite concentration. Although metformin increased serum insulin concentration significantly, 100 mg/kg LA showed only an increasing tendency. However, treatment with 100 mg/kg LA not only reduced serum glucose and NF-κB expression, but also restored ACh-induced vasorelaxation, SBP, DBP, HR, AMP-activated protein kinase expression, and serum nitrite almost to control levels. Importantly, 100 mg/kg LA was more effective than metformin in ameliorating serum glucose, endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, HR, and serum nitrite. These findings suggest that chronic stress can aggravate endothelial dysfunction and hemodynamic alterations in diabetes and that LA may have potent therapeutic efficacy in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease complications or chronic stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the effects of linalyl acetate (LA) on cardiovascular-related factors in diabetic rats exposed to chronic stress. Treatment with LA restored acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, blood pressure, heart rate, and AMP-activated protein kinase and serum nitrite levels. The present results suggest that LA may have potent therapeutic efficacy in diabetic patients with complications of cardiovascular disease or chronic stress.

scholarly journals Azoxymethane-induced fulminant hepatic failure in C57BL/6J mice: characterization of a new animal model

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. G455-G462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Matkowskyj ◽  
Jorge A. Marrero ◽  
Robert E. Carroll ◽  
Alexey V. Danilkovich ◽  
Richard M. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Astrocyte Swelling ◽  
Sinusoidal Dilatation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dose Dependent

Without transplantation, ∼50–90% of all patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) die. This poor outcome is due in part to the absence of an appropriate animal model, which would allow for a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Given the reports of liver injury in humans and livestock fed cycad palm nuts on the island of Guam, we hypothesized that the active ingredient azoxymethane (AOM) could cause FHF. We therefore evaluated AOM in C57BL/6J mice. Histologically, we observed microvesicular steatosis 2 h, sinusoidal dilatation 4 h, and centrilobular necrosis 20 h after AOM administration, and transmission electron microscopy showed that this agent causes mitochondrial injury. FHF was associated with all four stages of encephalopathy, as well as by a prodromal period of decreased eating and drinking lasting ∼15 h before the development of stage I encephalopathy (i.e., loss of scatter reflex). Late encephalopathy was associated with increased arterial ammonia, decreased serum glucose, and evidence of brain edema (astrocyte swelling). We show that AOM-induced FHF is highly reproducible, without evidence of lot-to-lot variability, and is dose dependent. These findings therefore suggest that AOM is an excellent agent for the study of FHF, as well as indicate that Guamanian FHF may be due to AOM found in unwashed cycad palm nuts.

scholarly journals The mycorrhizal fungi of Cymbidium promote the growth of Dendrobiumofficinale by increasing environmental stress tolerance

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12555
Author(s):  
Yulong Li ◽  
Zhihua Kang ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Xiaohui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Important Health ◽  
High Level

Dendrobium officinale is a medicinal herbal plant with important health care value and high demand. Due to its slow growth and scarcity in nature, its yield depends on intensified cultivation while biotic and abiotic stresses were important factors that causes production loss. Orchidaceae can form association with rhizoctonias collectively, and studies have found that some orchids showed a high level of strain-species specificity to orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), yet the specificity of OMF on D. officinale needs to explored. In this study, the effects on D. officinale of four OMF isolated from Cymbidium were tested. The obviously higher mass yield of the treated plants in medium and pots indicated the growth promotion effect of the fungi. Furthermore, an abiotic stress test indicated stronger drought tolerance among the treated plants. For the biotic stress test, two root rot pathogens, Fusarium solani and Fusarium graminearum , were isolated and identified from root rot of D. officinale. In an in vitro inhibition test, the four OMF could resist the growth of these pathogens. In vivo studies showed that these four OMF could improve the survival rate and fresh weight and decrease the root rot rate of pathogen-inoculated seedlings. The four OMF namely; Hyphomycete sp., Umbelopsis sp., Ceratorhiza sp. and Ceratorhiza sp. are compatible strains for improving the growth rate of D. officinale by increasing its environmental stress tolerance, providing an effective way to supply resources through artificial reproduction.

scholarly journals Assessment of dose-dependent effects of anxiolytics of benzodiazepine structure with diazepam as an example in Danio Rerio

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Devyashin ◽  
Aleksandra A. Blazhenko ◽  
Viktor A. Lebedev ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Pharmacological Substance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Abstract. The effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam in Danio rerio was investigated. Methods. A stress test on novelty situation was used: a fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or water) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing of the experiment were measured. Results. In response to the novelty of tank, the fish was shown to react by submerging to the bottom, increasing the freezing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After diazepam exposure (administration), the fish was not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. A pharmacological analysis of diazepam effect in Danio rerio showed that in a certain dose range of 110 mg/l anxiolytic reduces (in comparison with the control group of fish) the number and time of freezing, increases the number of movements in the upper half of the tank and the swimming time in upper part of the tank. Diazepam causes a disinhibition of motor activity at doses of 1 and 5 mg/l, which may be explained by the effect of small doses of tranquilizers on presynaptic GABA-A autoreceptors. Diazepam 20 mg/l has a depriving effect. Conclusion. Diazepam acts in a higher dose range (110 mg/l) than phenazepam (0.11 mg/l) in Danio rerio. At the same time, diazepam is characterized by a domed dose-dependent effect, in contrast to the action of phenazepam. The prospect of using Danio rerio as an animal model in behavioral pharmacology is not inferior to studies in rodents.

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