scholarly journals Differential Activation Patterns of fMRI in Sleep-Deprived Brain: Restoring Effects of Acupuncture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Honghan Gong ◽  
Lijun Bai ◽  
Xi-jian Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bilateral Thalamus

Previous studies suggested a remediation role of acupuncture in insomnia, and acupuncture also has been used in insomnia empirically and clinically. In this study, we employed fMRI to test the role of acupuncture in sleep deprivation (SD). Sixteen healthy volunteers (8 males) were recruited and scheduled for three fMRI scanning procedures, one following the individual’s normal sleep and received acupuncture SP6 (NOR group) and the other two after 24 h of total SD with acupuncture on SP6 (SD group) or sham (Sham group). The sessions were counterbalanced approximately two weeks apart. Acupuncture stimuli elicited significantly different activation patterns of three groups. In NOR group, the right superior temporal lobe, left inferior parietal lobule, and left postcentral gyrus were activated; in SD group, the anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral insula, left basal ganglia, and thalamus were significantly activated while, in Sham group, the bilateral thalamus and left cerebellum were activated. Different activation patterns suggest a unique role of acupuncture on SP6 in remediation of SD. SP6 elicits greater and anatomically different activations than those of sham stimuli; that is, the salience network, a unique interoceptive autonomic circuit, may indicate the mechanism underlying acupuncture in restoring sleep deprivation.

scholarly journals Functional MRI Investigation of Ultrasound Stimulation at ST 36

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yarui Wei ◽  
Ling Mei ◽  
Xiaojing Long ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Yanjun Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Ultrasound Stimulation ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
The Brain

Background. Clinical and experimental data suggest that ultrasound stimulation (US) at acupoints can produce similar effective treatment compared to manual acupuncture (MA). Although the brain activation to MA at acupoints is investigated by numerous studies, the brain activation to US at acupoints remains unclear. Methods. In the present work, we employed task state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the human brain’s activation to US and MA at ST 36 (Zusanli) which is one of the most commonly used acupoints in acupuncture-related studies. 16 healthy subjects underwent US and MA procedures in an interval of more than one week. On-off block design stimulation was used for the recording of fMRI-related brain patterns. Results. Both US and MA at ST 36 produced activations in somatosensory and limbic/paralimbic regions (postcentral gyrus, insula, middle prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex). Only US at ST 36 produced a significant signal increase in the inferior parietal lobule and decrease in the posterior cingulate cortex, whereas MA at ST 36 produced a significant signal increase in the lentiform nucleus and cerebellum. Conclusions. Our results indicate that US may be a possible noninvasive alternative method to MA due to its similar activation patterns.

Incontinence after brain glioma surgery: new insights into the cortical control of micturition and continence

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Duffau ◽  
Laurent Capelle
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Glioma ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Glioma Surgery ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
The Right

✓ Cortical control of micturition and continence remains poorly understood. The authors report two cases of patients who presented with prolonged urinary disturbances after resection of a brain glioma. Accurate anatomofunctional correlations determined using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging support the following: 1) the implication of the posterior portion of the right anterior cingulate gyrus in the perception of bladder sensation and maintenance of continence; 2) the involvement of the right anterior insula in bladder relaxation; and 3) the role of the right inferior frontal cortex in the decision concerning whether to initiate a micturition. On the basis of these results, a preliminary model of a cortical network associated with micturition and continence is proposed.

scholarly journals Brain networks processing temporal information in dynamic facial expressions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal M. Skiba ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
The Right

AbstractPerception of emotional expressions in faces relies on the integration of distinct facial features. We used fMRI to examine the role of local and global motion information in facial movements during exposure to novel dynamic face stimuli. We found that synchronous expressions distinctively engaged medial prefrontal areas in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), supplementary premotor areas, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (global temporal-spatial processing). Asynchronous expressions in which one part of the face (e.g., eyes) unfolded before the other (e.g., mouth) activated more the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior frontal gyrus (local temporal-spatial processing). DCM analysis further showed that processing of asynchronous expression features was associated with a differential information flow, centered on STS, which received direct input from occipital cortex and projected to the amygdala. Moreover, STS and amygdala displayed selective interactions with vACC where the integration of both local and global motion cues (present in synchronous expressions) could take place. These results provide new evidence for a role of both local and global temporal dynamics in emotional expressions, extracted in partly separate brain pathways. Importantly, we show that dynamic expressions with synchronous movement cues may distinctively engage brain areas responsible for motor execution of expressions.

scholarly journals Neural responses in the pain matrix when observing pain of others are unaffected by testosterone administration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Heany ◽  
David Terburg ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Jack van Honk ◽  
Peter A. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Empathy For Pain ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThere is evidence of testosterone having deteriorating effects on cognitive and affective empathy. However, whether testosterone influences core affective empathy, that is empathy for pain, has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we tested neural responses to witnessing others in pain in a within-subject placebo controlled testosterone administration study. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we provide affirming evidence that the empathy inducing paradigm causes changes in the activity throughout the pain circuitry, including the bilateral insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Administration of testosterone however did not influence these activation patterns in the pain matrix. Testosterone has thus downregulating effects on aspects of empathic behaviour, but based on these data does not seem to influence neural responses during core empathy for pain. This finding gives more insight into the role of testosterone in human empathy.

scholarly journals Role of Auriculotherapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders with Anxiety in University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Hollanda Iunes ◽  
Érika de Cássia Lopes Chaves ◽  
Caroline de Castro Moura ◽  
Bruna Côrrea ◽  
Leonardo César Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Submandibular Region ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mustard Seeds

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of auriculotherapy with mustard seeds in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), anxiety, and electromyographic (EMG) activity in university students.Methodology. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for TMDs (RDC/TMDs), and electromyography were used in this study of 44 college students with high levels of anxiety and TMDs. The subjects were divided into two groups: an auriculotherapy (AA) group(n=31)and an AA sham group(n=13). The mustard seeds were applied to the shenmen, rim, sympathetic, brain stem, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) points in the AA group and to sham points in the external ear and wrist in the AA sham group. The treatment protocol was 10 sessions (two treatments per week).Results. Anxiety(p<0.01)was significantly reduced in the AA group. This group also showed a decrease in tender points in the mandibular posterior region(p=0.04)and in the right side of the submandibular region(p=0.02). Complaints of bilateral pain were reduced in the temporal tendon(p≤0.01)and in the left side of the ATM(p<0.01). In addition, electromyographic (EMG) activity was reduced during temporal muscle contraction(p=0.03).  Conclusion. Auriculotherapy was effective in the treatment of students with anxiety and TMDs.

scholarly journals Analgesia Effect of Verum and Sham Acupuncture Treatments in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A MRI Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Shin-Lei Peng ◽  
Hui-Chieh Yang ◽  
Yu-Chen Lee ◽  
Chun-Ming Chen ◽  
Ying-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Right

Acupuncture is an alternative treatment for primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). However, mechanisms by which acupuncture exerts its analgesic properties are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to verum and sham acupuncture treatments, and further investigate whether pre-treatment CBF is capable of assessing symptom changes after interventions. A total of 11 PDM patients in the verum group and 12 patients in the sham group participated in this study. Pain rating index (PRI), CBF, and gonadal hormone levels were acquired before and after 8-week treatments. Both verum and sham acupuncture treatments exert its analgesic effect on PDM after intervention as PRI reduced (p < 0.05). Blood gonadal levels were not significantly different after acupuncture in both groups (all p > 0.05). In the verum group, intervention-related decreases in CBF were observed in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. In the sham group, regions identified as showing reductions in CBF after acupuncture included the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left caudate, and left insula. Patients with higher baseline CBF in the left precuneus and right hippocampus were accompanied with worse treatment response to acupuncture intervention. Mechanisms of verum and sham acupuncture treatments are dissimilar as manifested by different brain responses.

Mesial Motor Areas in Self-Initiated Versus Externally Triggered Movements Examined With fMRI: Effect of Movement Type and Rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 3065-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Deiber ◽  
Manabu Honda ◽  
Vicente Ibañez ◽  
Norihiro Sadato ◽  
Mark Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Movement Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Externally Triggered Movements ◽  
Motor Areas

Mesial motor areas in self-initiated versus externally triggered movements examined with fMRI: effect of movement type and rate. The human frontomesial cortex reportedly contains at least four cortical areas that are involved in motor control: the anterior supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the posterior SMA (SMA proper, or SMA), and, in the anterior cingulate cortex, the rostral cingulate zone (RCZ) and the caudal cingulate zone (CCZ). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the role of each of these mesial motor areas in self-initiated and visually triggered movements. Healthy subjects performed self-initiated movements of the right fingers (self-initiated task, SI). Each movement elicited a visual signal that was recorded. The recorded sequence of visual signals was played back, and the subjects moved the right fingers in response to each signal (visually triggered task, VT). There were two types of movements: repetitive (fixed) or sequential (sequence), performed at two different rates: slow or fast. The four regions of interest (pre-SMA, SMA, RCZ, CCZ) were traced on a high-resolution MRI of each subject’s brain. Descriptive analysis, consisting of individual assessment of significant activation, revealed a bilateral activation in the four mesial structures for all movement conditions, but SI movements were more efficient than VT movements. The more complex and more rapid the movements, the smaller the difference in activation efficiency between the SI and the VT tasks, which indicated an additional processing role of the mesial motor areas involving both the type and rate of movements. Quantitative analysis was performed on the spatial extent of the area activated and the percentage of change in signal amplitude. In the pre-SMA, activation was more extensive for SI than for VT movements, and for fast than for slow movements; the extent of activation was larger in the ipsilateral pre-SMA. In the SMA, the difference was not significant in the extent and magnitude of activation between SI and VT movements, but activation was more extensive for sequential than for fixed movements. In the RCZ and CCZ, both the extent and magnitude of activation were larger for SI than for VT movements. In the CCZ, both indices of activation were also larger for sequential than for fixed movements, and for fast than for slow movements. These data suggest functional specificities of the frontomesial motor areas with respect not only to the mode of movement initiation (self-initiated or externally triggered) but also to the movement type and rate.

scholarly journals Decreased Functional Connectivity in the Reward Network and Its Relationship With Negative Emotional Experience After Total Sleep Deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Cimin Dai ◽  
Yongcong Shao ◽  
Jiaxi Peng ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reward Network

Sleep deprivation (SD) induces a negative emotional experience due to a prolonged time spent awake. However, few studies have focused on the mechanism underlying communication within brain networks or alterations during this emotional deterioration. We propose that negative reward judgment is important in poor emotional processing after SD, which will be reflected in functional connectivity in the reward network. We sought to analyze alterations in functional connectivity within the reward network and cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we analyzed changes in functional connectivity correlation with negative emotional experience after SD. Twenty-six healthy volunteers participated in this study. Two resting-state fMRI scans were obtained from the participants, once during resting wakefulness, and once after 36 h of total SD. The bilateral nucleus accumbens (NAc) was selected as a seed region for region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI functional connectivity analysis. Correlation analyses between functional connectivity alterations within the reward network and negative emotional experience were also performed. We found that SD decreased functional connectivity between the left NAc and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared with resting wakefulness. There was a decreased functional connectivity with the ACC and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) after SD in the right NAc. Furthermore, decreased functional connectivity between the right NAc and right IFG, and NAc and ACC was negatively correlated with emotional experience scores. Sleep deprivation decreased functional connectivity within the reward network. This may be associated with the enhanced negative emotional experience that was found after total sleep deprivation.

scholarly journals Alterations in the Excitatory and Inhibitory Coupling in Migraine: A Magnetic Resonance Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Cai ◽  
Yingying Tang ◽  
Jijun Wang ◽  
Qinhui Fu ◽  
Min Hang Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Coupling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bilateral Thalamus

Abstract Background: There is evidence suggesting that an imbalance between the levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, and inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), leads to migraine attacks; however, the pathophysiology and specific diagnostic markers remain unknown. Methods: Twenty-one migraine patients (18 female, 3 male, mean age=40.63 14.23years) and 11 healthy controls (9 female, 2 male, mean age=39.78 15.31 years) were included in this study. We used 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla with voxels-of-interest located in the bilateral thalamus and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (SG ACC) to quantify the GABA and GLX (glutamate-glutamine complex) concentrations measured via the Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence in migraineurs and healthy controls. Result: Statistical analyses revealed significantly decreased GLX/NAA (N-acetylaspartate) in the right thalamus of migraine patients compared to healthy controls. However, we found no group differences in GABA levels in the SG ACC and bilateral thalamus.Conclusion: The right thalamus may be involved in the pain modulation process of migraineurs through changes in the GLX levels. Decreased GLX levels within the right thalamus might be associated with the disruption of "excitation-inhibition" homeostasis in migraine.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02580968. Registered 30 October 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02580968

The Role of the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate in Evaluating Behavior for Achieving Gains and Avoiding Losses

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2328-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Magno ◽  
Cristina Simões-Franklin ◽  
Ian H. Robertson ◽  
Hugh Garavan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Error Avoidance ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Striatal System

Effective goal-directed behavior relies on a network of regions including anterior cingulate cortex and ventral striatum to learn from negative outcomes in order to improve performance. We employed fMRI to determine if this frontal–striatal system is also involved in instances of behavior that do not presume negative circumstances. Participants performed a visual target/nontarget search game in which they could optionally abort a trial to avoid errors or receive extra reward for highly confident responses. Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex were equally activated for error avoidance and high reward trials but were not active on error trials, demonstrating their primary involvement in self-initiated behavioral adjustment and not error detection or prediction. In contrast, the insula and the ventral striatum were responsive to the high reward trials. Differential activation patterns across conditions for the nucleus accumbens, insula, and prefrontal cortex suggest distinct roles for these structures in the control of reward-related behavior.

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