scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Youth Smoking Rates and Correlates in Tbilisi, Georgia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Berg ◽  
Ana Aslanikashvili ◽  
Mamuka Djibuti
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Youth Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking

Georgia has high smoking rates; however, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of youth smoking. We conducted a secondary data analysis of a 2010 cross-sectional survey of 1,879 secondary and postsecondary school students aged 15 to 24 years in Tbilisi, Georgia, examining substance use, perceived risk, and recreational activities in relation to lifetime and current (past 30 days) smoking. Lifetime and current smoking prevalence was 46.1% and 22.6%, respectively. In secondary schools, lifetime smoking correlates included being male, consuming alcohol, lifetime marijuana use, and lower perceived risk (P’s ≤ .001). Correlates of current smoking among lifetime smokers included being male, consuming alcohol, lifetime marijuana use, lower perceived risk, less frequently exercise, and more often going out (P’s < .05). In postsecondary schools, lifetime smoking correlates included being male, consuming alcohol, lifetime marijuana use, lower perceived risk, more often going out, and recreational internet use (P’s < .0). Correlates of current smoking among lifetime smokers included being male (P’s = .04), consuming alcohol, marijuana use, lower perceived risk, and more often going out (P’s < .05). Tobacco control interventions might target these correlates to reduce smoking prevalence in Georgian youth.

scholarly journals Racial discrimination and socioemotional and sleep problems in a cross-sectional survey of Australian school students

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1079-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Priest ◽  
Shiau Chong ◽  
Mandy Truong ◽  
Oishee Alam ◽  
Kevin Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioemotional Adjustment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Vicarious Experiences

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of direct and vicarious racial discrimination experiences from peer, school and societal sources, and examine associations between these experiences and socioemotional and sleep outcomes.MethodsData were analysed from a population representative cross-sectional study of n=4664 school students in years 5–9 (10–15 years of age) in Australia. Students reported direct experiences of racial discrimination from peers, school and societal sources; vicarious discrimination was measured according to the frequency of witnessing other students experiences of racial discrimination. Students self-reported on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, with the total difficulties, conduct, emotional and prosocial behaviour subscales examined. Sleep problems included duration, latency, and disruption.Results41.56% (95% CI 36.18 to 47.15) of students reported experiences of direct racial discrimination; Indigenous and ethnic minority students reported the highest levels. 70.15% (95% CI 63.83 to 75.78) of students reported vicarious racial discrimination. Direct and vicarious experiences of racial discrimination were associated with socioemotional adjustment (eg, for total difficulties, total direct racism: beta=3.77, 95% CI 3.11 to 4.44; vicarious racism: beta=2.51, 95% CI 2.00 to 3.03). Strong evidence was also found for an effect of direct and vicarious discrimination on sleep (eg, for sleep duration, total direct: beta=−21.04, 95% CI −37.67 to −4.40; vicarious: beta=−9.82, 95% CI −13.78 to −5.86).ConclusionsExperiences of direct and vicarious racial discrimination are common for students from Indigenous and ethnic minority backgrounds, and are associated with socioemotional and sleep problems in adolescence. Racism and racial discrimination are critically important to tackle as social determinants of health for children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed foods in childhood: a system of violation of rights and food and nutrition insecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e64101421596
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gouveia Moura ◽  
Jamille Caroso de Andrade ◽  
Adriana Correia dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo do Nascimento Lopes ◽  
Maria Emília Lisboa Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Food System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Discussions on the health consequences of the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are wide-ranging, but little has been addressed under systemic aspects, human rights, sovereignty and food and nutrition security, and socio-environmental sustainability. For this reason, the aim of this article was to analyze the systemic implications of children's access to UPFs. Secondary data from a cross-sectional survey conducted with pre-school students of two private schools in a capital city in the Northeastern region of Brazil were analyzed through the analysis of lunch boxes for three consecutive days. The most frequent UPFs had information about the manufacturing location, ingredients, and brand collected from their labels and subsequently studied. We noticed that most of the products were manufactured in other states, being transported for long distances, had little ingredient diversity, and belonged to sub-brands that conglomerate into “big players”. In this sense, we conclude that children are having their right to food violated and that access to UPFs by this public supports a hegemonic and unsustainable food system from a socio-environmental point of view that contributes to food and nutrition insecurity.

scholarly journals Acceptability of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Vaccine Among Medical Students in Uganda: a Cross Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Marvin Kanyike ◽  
Ronald Olum ◽  
Jonathan Kajjimu ◽  
Daniel Ojilong ◽  
Grabriel Madut Akech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Vaccine Acceptability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Future ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background COVID-19 is still a major global threat and vaccination remains the long-lasting solution. Unanimous uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is required to subsequently avert its spread. We therefore, assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, hesitancy, and associated factors among medical students in Uganda. Methods This study employed an online descriptive cross-sectional survey among medical students across 10 medical schools in Uganda. A structured questionnaire as a Google form was sent to participants via WhatsApp. Data was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and STATA 16. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Results We surveyed 600 medical students, 377 (62.8%) were male. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptability were 30.7% and 37.3%, respectively. Factors associated with vaccine acceptability were being female (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.9, p = 0.001), being single (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9, p = 0.022). Very high (aOR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.7–6.9, p < 0.001) or moderate (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1, p = 0.008) perceived risk of getting COVID-19 in the future, receiving any vaccine in the past 5 years (aOR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.5, p = 0.017), and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9, p = 0.036). Conclusions This study revealed low levels of acceptance towards the COVID-19 vaccine among medical students, low self-perceived risks of COVID-19, and many had relied on social media that provided them with negative information. This poses an evident risk on the battle towards COVID-19 in the future especially when these future health professions are expected to be influencing decisions of the general public towards the same.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ASUPAN LEMAK DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA 6 BULAN-12 TAHUN DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Fitrah Ernawati ◽  
Pusparini Pusparini ◽  
Aya Yuriestia Arifin ◽  
Mutiara Prihatini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Z Score ◽  
School Students ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Indonesia still faces a double burden of malnutrition where malnutrition problems still exist, and the prevalence of obesity continues to increase. The study was intended to evaluate the association between fat intake adequacy and nutritional status in children aged 6 months to 12 years with a middle to upper socioeconomic level. The study design was cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Basic Health Research in 2013 and  Indonesian Food Consumption Survey in 2014. The results of the study concluded that more than 50 percent of children aged 6 months to 9 years and 38 percent of children aged 10-12 years old consumed  fat  more than 100 percent of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The study revealed a signidficant association between  fat intake and body mass index for age Z-score (BAZ)  (p <0.05) and fat intake with height for age Z-score (HAZ)  (p <0.05). Fat intake of children live in urban was higher than at rural areas (p <0.05) and fat intake of boys was slightly  higher than girls. The results of this study suggest  the importance of providing nutrition education started from elementary school students on balanced nutrient intake and reduce fat intake, because obesity in early age contribute to obesity in adulthood. Keywords: children aged 6 month to12 years old, fat intake, nutritional status   ABSTRAK Indonesia menghadapi masalah gizi ganda yaitu masalah gizi kurang masih ada, dan  persentase masalah kegemukan terus meningkat. Tujuan dari analisis ini untuk melihat kecukupan asupan lemak anak usia 6 bulan sampai 12 tahun dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi menengah keatas dan hubungannya dengan status gizi. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang, jenis data yang digunakan data sekunder dari Riskesdas 2013 dan Survey Konsumsi Makanan Indonesia (SKMI) 2014.  Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa lebih dari 50 persen anak usia 6 bulan-9 tahun dan 38 persen anak usia 10-12 tahun mengonsumsi lemak ≥ 100 persen AKG. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat asupan lemak dengan status gizi menurut indikator IMT/U (p<0,05) dan asupan lemak dengan status gizi TB/U (p<0,05). Asupan lemak anak yang tinggal di kota lebih tinggi dari pada di perdesaan (p<0,05) dan asupan lemak anak laki-laki lebih tinggi dari anak perempuan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan bukti tentang pentingnya  memberikan edukasi kepada siswa sekolah dasar tentang makanan gizi seimbang dan mengurangi asupan lemak, karena kegemukan pada usia dini akan terbawa hingga usia dewasa. [Penel Gizi Makan 2019, 42(1):41-47] Kata kunci: anak usia 6 bulan-12 tahun, asupan lemak, status gizi

Marijuana use among youths in Mississippi, United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasaki Aranmolate
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Youth

AbstractBackgroundIncreased use of marijuana among youths in Mississippi, United States is of great concern to Public Health in the 21st century. This study examined the prevalence of marijuana use according to gender, race and ethnicity.MethodThe data for this study was obtained from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) for 2015, a cross-sectional survey of the Mississippi High School Students, which examined the prevalence and trends in the use of marijuana according to gender, race and ethnicity. The trends in the percentage of students that reported the use of marijuana and its product was examined by univariate t-test statistical analysis at p < 0.05. The frequency distribution was used to determine the percentage differences in the groups.ResultsThe students that ever used marijuana was 39.4% in Blacks, 39.1% in Hispanics and 31.0% in Whites. A total of 13.7% male and female (4.8%) used marijuana before 13 years of age. In addition, the students currently using marijuana include Blacks (10.9%), Hispanic (13.7%) and Whites (7.2%). Approximately 9.7% of students ever used the synthetic product, which was higher in Hispanic (18.7%) when compared to Blacks (8.8%) and Whites (9.1%).ConclusionThe use of marijuana is significantly higher among the male youth in Mississippi than females, which is a major public health concern. Furthermore, there was higher rates of smoking marijuana in Hispanics and Blacks when compared to White youth.

scholarly journals Smoking in Oman: prevalence and characteristics of smokers

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 600-609
Author(s):  
A. A. Al Riyami ◽  
M. Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Taxation ◽  
Crude Prevalence

We carried out a cross-sectional survey to study the prevalence and the characteristics of current and former smoking among Omani adults. Crude prevalence of current smoking was 7.0% [males 13.4%, females 0.5%] ; 2.3% were former smokers. The overall highest prevalence of current smoking [11.1%] was observed in those 40-49 years [18.7% of males, 0.9% of females]. Older age [>/= 40 years], higher educational level and larger family size were protective against smoking. Mean age for starting smoking was 18.7 years for males and 24.3 years for females. Although smoking prevalence is low in Oman, prevention should be addressed in health education programmes, with the emphasis on heightening awareness in adolescents. Government action, e. g. tobacco taxation, clean air laws and bans on advertising, is also recommended

scholarly journals Resilience, Family Functioning, and Psychological Well-Being: Findings from a Cross-sectional Survey of High-school Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mona Desrianty ◽  
Norlizah C. Hassan ◽  
Noor Syamilah Zakaria ◽  
Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being

The present study examined the relationship between family functioning and resilience on the psychological well-being (PWB) in high school students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using multiple linear regression for prediction and descriptive statistical analysis in five Indonesian high school students. A total of 341 high school students participated in the study, completing three validated self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis revealed that greater family functioning was associated with higher PWB. A significant relationship between resilience and PWB was found in this cohort. This study showed that to maintain healthy mental well-being, developing resilience and family functioning is vital for high school students. More emphasis may be placed on the possible role of resilience training and other kinds of family functioning and coping strategies in dealing with the unavoidable causes of stress in public high schoolers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices between Urban and Rural Secondary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sabah, East Malaysia

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Mohammad Halim Bin Jeinie ◽  
Rhanye Mac Guad ◽  
Marion M. Hetherington ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Yin Nwe Aung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
And Gender

Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) may guide healthy meal choices. Here, nutritional KAP was compared across school students in Sabah based on locality and gender. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 15–19 years was conducted using multistage sampling. Nutritional KAP was measured via questionnaire. Anthropometric measures of weight and height were taken in person to calculate body mass index (BMI). Among the 994 participants, 80% were urban and 60% were female (mean age 16.5 ± 0.6 yr). Most were of Kadazan-Dusun (23%) ethnicity. Measured height for age Z score (HAZ) and BMI for age Z score (BAZ) differed between urban and rural students (−1.2 ± 0.8 versus −1.5 ± 0.7 for HAZ; p < 0.001; 0.2 ± 1.4 versus −0.1 ± 1.3; p = 0.02, respectively). No difference in nutritional knowledge was found, although urban students prioritized having a healthy/balanced diet (59.55% versus 48.50%, p = 0.03) and ate daily breakfast (57.4% versus 10.2%, p < 0.001) compared to rural. Females scored higher on nutritional knowledge than males (18.9 ± 2.8 vs. 18.1 ± 3.4, respectively, p = 0.0001), yet males selected more healthy/balanced foods (63.3% versus 53.3%, p = 0.041). The gap remains between nutritional KAP and translating this to healthy eating among adolescents, related to locality and gender.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING COVID-19 AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KEDAH, MALAYSIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Charles Ganaprakasam ◽  
Syeda Humayra ◽  
Kalaivani Ganasegaran ◽  
Elillarasi Kuppusamy ◽  
Barani Karikalan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Since, children are affected by the coronavirus in the same way as adults, examining the children's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on COVID-19 would help in building a pandemic-resilient society. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among primary school students. This online, cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18 to 20, 2021 among students aged 9 to 12 years old and having access to WhatsApp messenger on their smartphones. The study participants were selected from 17 primary schools in Kedah, Malaysia by convenience , and the Google form invitation link was shared by the schools’ guidance and counselling teachers. Analysis revealed higher females (53%) and majority aged 12 years (27.8%) out of 1207. 56% of respondents possessed good knowledge on COVID-19 (M=4.21, SD=1.16) with 73.75% overall correct responses. Children demonstrated positive attitudes (M=3.64, SD=0.67) but had a higher perceived risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 (M=3.60, SD=1.23). For practices, low scores were discovered on avoid visiting crowded places (M=2.51, SD=1.22). Knowledge has a significant effect on children’s attitudes (Beta=0.17, p<0.001) and practices (Beta=0.25, p<0.001). Comparatively, females scored lower COVID-19 knowledge than males (Beta= -0.01, p=0.65). While age was significantly associated with increased knowledge (Beta=0.13, p<0.001), whereof, year 6 students (12 years; M=4.69, SD=1.23) scored the highest. Since knowledge is a critical tool in comprehending any phenomenon, and influencing one’s attitude and practice towards it, much effort is warranted to enhance the effectiveness of government strategies and mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak.

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