Comparative Studies of Oleaginous Fungal Strains (Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma reesei) for Effective Wastewater Treatment and Bio-Oil Production

Biological wastewater treatment typically requires the use of bacteria for degradation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous compounds present in wastewater. The high lipid containing biomass can be used to extract oil and the contents can be termed as bio-oil (or biodiesel or myco-diesel after transesterification). The separate experiments were conducted on actual wastewater samples with 5% v/v inoculum of Mucor circinelloides MTCC1297 and Trichoderma reesei NCIM992 strains. The observed reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 88.72% and 86.75% in 96 hrs and the observed substrate based biomass yields were 0.21 mg VSS/mg COD and 0.22 mg VSS/mg COD for M. circinelloides reactor and for T. reesei reactor, respectively. The resulted bio-oil production from wastewater treatment by M. circinelloides and T. reesei reactors was 142.2 mg/L and 74.1 mg/L, whereas biomass containing bio-oil contents (%w/w) were 22.11% and 9.82%, respectively. In this experiment, the fungal wastewater treatment was also compared with conventional bacterial process with respect to specific growth rate, biomass production, and oil content. This study suggests that wastewater can be used as a potential feedstock for bio-oil production with the use of oleaginous fungal strains and which could be a possible route of waste to energy.

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Analisis Air Limbah Pada Dapur Praktek di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar

LaGeografia ◽

10.35580/lageografia.v18i1.11131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Muhammad Musawantoro ◽

Mustifa Shafany

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Laboratory Test ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Treatment Model ◽

Test Results ◽

Laboratory Test Results ◽

Wastewater Quality ◽

Wastewater Samples

The importance of research is to provide a description of wastewater content in Makassar polytechnics in the kitchen, through experimental research methods, by taking wastewater samples from practical kitchens, laboratory test results provide results data obtained from chemical Oxygen Demand supply, wastewater discharged directly into sewers Will not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. The wastewater treatment model in polytechnics is still not feasible and is not environmentally friendly, steps need to be taken to make wastewater installations.

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Studies on Power Generation and Wastewater Treatment Using Modified Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.823 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 823-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nik Mahmood Nik Azmi ◽

Nazlee Faisal Ghazali ◽

Ahmad Fikri ◽

Md Abbas Ali

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Power Density ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Wastewater Sample ◽

Single Chamber ◽

Wastewater Samples

A membrane-less and mediator-less system was designed and tested with wastewater sample as fuel to generate electricity. Microorganisms were first isolated from the wastewater sample to pure culture and were used as the ‘machinery’ that converts wastewater into energy. The wastewater samples were treated either by sterilization or non-sterilization methods. These tests were run using a modified air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). By sterilizing the wastewater, the calculated power density was much lower compared to non-sterilized wastewater indicating a significant role of microbial activity in the SCMFC system and substrate availability. Furthermore, mixed culture was observed to give larger power density compared to an individual microbe (18.42 ± 5.84 mW/m2 for mixed culture and 8.82 ± 4.56 mW/m2 to 9.46 ± 4.87 mW/m2 for individual microbe, Bukholderi capecia and Acidovorax sp. respectively) to prove that larger power value could be achieved with a mixed microbial system. In addition, the system proved to remove 68.57% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater sample tested. In conclusion, the designed SCMFC has been proven capable of power generation and wastewater treatment comparable to other SCMFCs to date.

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Ferric chloride for odour control: studies from wastewater treatment plants in India

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2020.111 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

T. C. Prathna ◽

Ankit Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Ferric Chloride ◽

Hydrogen Sulphide ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Odour Control ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Wastewater Samples

Abstract This study was about the feasibility of using ferric chloride as an agent for odour control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to hydrogen sulphide emission. Total inlet sulphide concentrations at 11 WWTPs in Delhi were measured and ranged between 1.1 and 14.8 mg/L. Wastewater samples from Najafgarh drain were used in jar tests to estimate the ferric chloride concentration required to obtain acceptable treatment. Ferric chloride was effective in removing sulphide, phosphate and total suspended solids (TSS), and gave significant biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction. It was ineffective, however, in removing ammoniacal-nitrogen. A dose of 40 mg/L removed 76% of total sulphide, which corresponds to a significant reduction in hydrogen sulphide emission. The study demonstrated that ferric chloride can be used as a cost-effective pre-treatment step in WWTPs to reduce sulphur-related odours significantly, as well as TSS, BOD and phosphate from wastewater.

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PROBLEMS OF SOAPSTOCK TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE OIL PRODUCTIONS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

Biotechnologia Acta ◽

10.15407/biotech14.04.080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

L. Sabliy ◽

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Oil Production ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Effective Technology ◽

The Impact

Wastewater generated during vegetable oil production contains various pollutants that enter it during soapstock processing: fats and fatty acids and their salts (aqueous soap solutions), glycerin, phosphoglycerates, neutral fat, phosphatides, proteins, carbohydrates, dyes, unsaponifiable and waxy substances, salts, mechanical impurities, etc. Aim. The purpose of the work was to study the processes of purification of industrial wastewater from oil production and to propose an effective technology for their treatment, taking into account the regulatory requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into the city sewage system. Methods. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined by the dichromate method. The concentration of suspended solids was determined by gravimetric method. Results. As a result of research, calcium carbonate was chosen as an alkaline reagent. After treatment of soapstock with calcium carbonate followed by flotation, the effect of removing the suspended particles was 70–75%, and COD decreased by 60%. On the basis of the research, a technology for processing soapstock was proposed, including sequential processes of physicochemical wastewater treatment —averaging, alkalization with calcium carbonate, stage I of flotation, coagulation, stage II of flotation, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, filtration through quartz filters and adsorption on carbon filters. Conclusion. An effective technology for preliminary cleaning of the soapstocks oil production has been developed. This will significantly reduce the concentration of organic matter and other pollutants in soapstocks, which will significantly reduce the impact of such effluents on the processes of biological wastewater treatment of urban wastewater treatment plants.

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Wastewater Treatment by a Polymeric Bioflocculant and Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12071618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1618 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nkosinathi Goodman Dlamini ◽

Albertus Kotze Basson ◽

Rajasekhar VSR Pullabhotla

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Iron Nanoparticles ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Heat Stability ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Ir Studies ◽

Flocculation Activity ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Wastewater remains a global challenge. Various methods have been used in wastewater treatment, including flocculation. The aim of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using a polymeric bioflocculant and to evaluate its efficacy in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. A comparison between the efficiencies of the bioflocculant and iron nanoparticles was investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the material. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the presence of elements such as O and C that were abundant in both samples, while FT-IR studies showed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH2). Fe nanoparticles showed the best flocculation activity (FA) at 0.4 mg/mL dosage as opposed to that of the bioflocculant, which displayed the highest flocculation activity at 0.8 mg/mL, and both samples were found to be cation-dependent. When evaluated for heat stability and pH stability, FeNPs were found thermostable with 86% FA at 100 °C, while an alkaline pH of 11 favored FA with 93%. The bioflocculant flocculated poorly at high temperature and was found effective mostly at a pH of 7 with over 90% FA. FeNPs effectively removed BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in all two wastewater samples from coal mine water and Mzingazi River water. Cytotoxicity results showed both FeNPs and the bioflocculant as nontoxic at concentrations up to 50 µL.

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Continuous bioreactor with cell recycle using tubular ceramic membrane for simultaneous wastewater treatment and bio-oil production by oleaginous Rhodococcus opacus

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 367 ◽

pp. 76-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tanushree Paul ◽

Divya Baskaran ◽

Kannan Pakshirajan ◽

G. Pugazhenthi

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Oil Production ◽

Rhodococcus Opacus ◽

Cell Recycle ◽

Continuous Bioreactor ◽

Bio Oil

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Impact Assessment of the Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Discharges on Maritsa River

International Journal Bioautomation ◽

10.7546/ijba.2021.25.2.000823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 169-182

Author(s):

Tony Venelinov ◽

◽

Galina Yotova ◽

Veronika Mihaylova ◽

Svetlana Lazarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Surface Water ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Before And After ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

The Impact

Data analysis of wastewater samples at the outlets of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Pazardzhik, Plovdiv and Svilengrad, which discharge into the Maritsa River is presented. Total monthly loads for 2017 at the outlets are calculated using the monthly averages for the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and total nitrogen (TN) and the monthly averages for the flow rates. The contributions of the WWTPs to the total river loads emphasize that the impact of WWTPs of Pazardzhik and Plovdiv is significantly greater than WWTP of Svilengrad. Additionally, river water samples were collected before and after the discharge points of the WWTPs in August 2018 and analyzed for water quality parameters listed in Directive 75/440/EEC. Comparison between the river concentrations before the outlet of WWPT - Pazardzhik and after the last sampling point (the outlet of WWTP - Svilengrad) indicates an increase for all the studied parameters, except for Al and Cu. Based on the results obtained for TN, the category of the surface water is significantly deteriorated after discharge of the WWTP - Plovdiv. Wastewater effect on the river surface water is also estimated by using a battery of ecotoxicological tests. The results are presented and compared by the classical approach using categorization based on water quality indicators.

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Characteristics, treatment techniques, and operational limitations for refinery wastewater: Review

Reciklaza i odrzivi razvoj ◽

10.5937/ror2101019a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30

Author(s):

Qarani Shuokr ◽

Mohammed Sazan

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Refinery Wastewater ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Wastewater Samples

Large quantities of wastewater generate from refineries in the process of crude oil usage, distillation, and cooling systems. The wastewater samples need to be treated before disposing into the environment. Disposal of the untreated refinery wastewater causes problems for the water sources and environment. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics, treatment techniques, and limitations of refinery wastewater treatment. A number of tables were prepared to summarize and review wastewater characteristics, treatment process, and the operational limitations. Results revealed that values of some parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenols, oil and grease, and total suspended solids (TSS) were 40.25 mg/L to 8,000 mg/L, 80 mg/L to 21,000 mg/L, 3.5 mg/L to 128 mg/L, 12.7 mg/L to 50,000 mg/L, and 22.8 to 2,580 mg/L, respectively. Numerous treatment technologies were used for the treatment of refinery wastewater. Treatment techniques have benefits, weaknesses, and operational limitations. Most amount of the TSS, oil and grease, organic materials are eliminated in the primary and secondary treatment units. Tertiary/Advanced treatment units are necessary for removal of the remaining portions of the contaminants, heavy metals, nitrogen compounds, and phosphorus. Combination of physical, chemical and biological treatment techniques increase removal efficiency of the contaminants.

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Determination of inert Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) fractions of Cumhuriyet University wastewater

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000369 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Biological Degradation ◽

University Campus ◽

Activated Sludge System ◽

Wastewater Samples

Some amounts of inert products are given into environment due to biological degradation of substrate in activated sludge system. The effluent of biological wastewater treatment consists of inert substrate in influent flow, soluble microbial products and non degradable or slowly degradable organic products. Soluble inert COD (SI) must be determined for discharge standards since it did not give any reaction in activated sludge system and was given with wastewater discharge. However particular inert COD (XI) accumulated in system depending on sludge retention time due to it is only wasted from system by wasted sludge. This study focused on inert fractions of Cumhuriyet University campus wastewater which consists of domestic, hospital and laboratory wastewaters. Experimental method was used suggested by Orhon et al. and modified by Germirli et al. in order to determine directly influent particulate and soluble inert fractions. According to the experimental procedure three aerobic batch reactors, two with the wastewater and the third with glucose were run parallel. In the reactors, the change in the soluble COD profiles is observed for a period during which all degradable COD is entirely depleted, in other words, the COD profiles reach a plateau and remain unchanged. Wastewater samples were taken equalization tank in wastewater treatment plant. The conventional parameters of campus wastewater characterization were as follows: Total COD (CT0) = 372 mg l-1, total soluble COD (STO) = 124 mg l-1, total suspended solids (TSS) =177 mg l-1, ammonia (NH3) = 31.2 mg l-1, ortho-phosphate (PO4-P) = 11.3 mg l-1 and pH=7,4 . In this study, in order to determine inert COD fractions in Cumhuriyet University campus wastewater, three aerobic batch reactor systems were used. At the end of approximately 381 h operation, COD composition of campus wastewater were found to be CT0=372 mg l-1, XS0=56 mg l-1, SS0=104 mg l-1, CS0=149 mg l-1, SI=12 mg l-1, XI=211 mg l-1, respectively.

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