scholarly journals Exploration of the Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Metabolic Measures in Young People Living with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Rubinstein ◽  
D. Robert Harris ◽  
Bret J. Rudy ◽  
Bill G. Kapogiannis ◽  
Grace M. Aldrovandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Living With Hiv

We conducted cross-sectional, multicenter studies in HIV-positive young women and men to assess metabolic and morphologic complications from tobacco smoking in 372 behaviorally infected HIV-positive youth, aged 14–25 years. Measurements included self-reported tobacco use, fasting lipids, glucose, fat distribution, and bone mineral density (BMD; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans). Overall, 144 (38.7%) self-reported smoking tobacco and 69 (47.9%) of these reported smoking greater than five cigarettes per day. Smokers versus nonsmokers had lower mean total cholesterol (146.0 versus 156.1 mg/dL;P<0.01) and lower mean total body fat percent (24.1% versus 27.2%,P=0.03). There was no difference between smokers and nonsmokers in fasting glucose or BMD. There appear to be only minimal effects from tobacco smoking on markers of cardiac risk and bone health in this population of HIV-positive youth. While these smokers may not have had sufficient exposure to tobacco to detect changes in the outcome measures, given the long-term risks associated with smoking and HIV, it is critical that we encourage HIV-positive youth smokers to quit before the deleterious effects become apparent.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of pediatric HIV in an ‘A’ category district in India: an epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Sinha ◽  
Reynold Washington ◽  
Rajeev Sethumadhavan ◽  
Rajaram Subramanian Potty ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background India lacks epidemiological information on the disease burden of pediatric HIV. The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) estimates the numbers of HIV-positive children as a proportion of adult persons living with HIV. A third of HIV-positive children die before their first birthday and a half before they reach their second birthday. The early detection of HIV is crucial for the prevention of morbidities, growth delays, and death among HIV-positive children. Methods The study aimed to estimate the disease burden of pediatric HIV among children in ‘A’ category district of a high HIV prevalence state. An ‘A’ category district is defined by the presence of > 1% HIV prevalence among the general population, as estimated by HIV Sentinel Surveillance. The study used an innovative three-pronged strategy combining cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. The overall burden of pediatric HIV was calculated as a product of cases detected multiplied by a net inflation factor, for each of three strategies. Results The existing pool of HIV infection in the district is estimated to be 3266 (95% CI: 2621–4197) HIV positive children < 15 years of age, in a mid-year (2013) projected child population of about 1.4 million, thus giving an HIV prevalence of 0.23% (CI: 0.19–0.30) among children (0–14 years of age). The proportion of children among all people living with HIV in the district works out to 10.4% (CI: 8.6–13.5%). Conclusions The study estimate of 0.23% HIV prevalence among children (0–14 years of age) is higher than the NACP estimates (0.02) and is 2.5 higher than the Karnataka state estimate (0.09)22. Similarly, the proportion of children among all persons living with HIV in Belgaum district is 10.4% in this study, as against 6.54% for India. The study methodology is replicable for other settings and other diseases.

scholarly journals AGE OF HIV ACQUISITION AFFECTS THE RISK OF MULTI-MORBIDITY AFTER 25 YEARS OF INFECTION EXPOSURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
G. GUARALDI ◽  
A. MALAGOLI ◽  
J. MILIC ◽  
I. PINTASSILGO ◽  
E. ROSSI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Aging And Health ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: Understanding the intersection of HIV, aging and health is crucial due to the increasing number of people aging with HIV. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of, and risk factors for individual comorbidities and multi-morbidity in people living with HIV with similar duration of HIV infection, notwithstanding a 25-year difference at the time of HIV acquisition. Methods: In a cross-sectional multicentre retrospective study, we compared three match-control age groups. The “Young” were selected from Romania and included HIV-positive patients prenatally infected and assessed at the age of 25-30 years. The “Old” and the “Geriatric” were selected from Italy. These respectively included subjects infected with HIV at the age of 25 years and assessed at the age of 50-55 years, and those infected at the age of 50 years and assessed at the age of 75-80 years. Each group was sex and age matched in a 1:5 ratio with controls selected from the CINECA ARNO database from Italy. We described non-infectious comorbidities (NICM), including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and multi-morbidity (MM≥ 3 NICM). Results: MM prevalence in the “Young” group compared to controls was 6.2% vs 0%, while in the “Geriatric” was “68.2% vs 3.6%. Using “Young” as a reference, in multivariate analyses, predictors for MM were as follows: HIV serostatus (OR=47.75, IQR 14.78-154.25, p<0.01) and “Geriatric” vs “Young” (OR=30.32, IQR 5.89-155.98, p<0.01). Conclusion: These data suggest that age at acquisition of HIV should be considered as a risk factor for NICM and MM.

scholarly journals Disclosure of HIV status by people living with HIV/AIDS in tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2691
Author(s):  
Sumit Lathwal ◽  
Saurabh Mahajan ◽  
Arun K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Disclosure is a planned and selective behavior that responds to the balance of potential risks and benefits of secrecy and disclosure of the person living with HIV. The disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners, family or friends, has been shown to be a potent stressor, as persons living with HIV/AIDS might fear negative reactions such as blame, rejection or violence. This study was carried out with an aim to study the patterns of HIV status disclosure and the problems related with it among the HIV positive patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive, hospital based study carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra from 01 October 2008 to 30 September 2010. A total of 92 consenting respondents admitted in the hospital were administered a pre tested semi-structured questionnaire to collect the data. The results were analysed using SPSS Ver 16.0.Results: Out of 74 married HIV positive individuals who had a chance to disclose their sero-status to spouse, 64 (86.5%, 95% CI-78.7% to 94.29%) voluntarily disclosed their HIV status to spouse while a small number i.e. 10 (13.5%, 95% CI- 05.71% to 21.29%) did not disclose their HIV status to spouse.Conclusions: This exploratory analysis suggests the need for tailoring interventions for improving disclosure decisions making and outcomes. Institutionalized measures need to be enforced judiciously to assist the HIV positive individuals to reveal their status to their wife and other members of their social group.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Unrecognized Depression and Associated Factors Among Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV/AIDS in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia 2019, Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takele Kejela Tiki ◽  
Teferra Likassa Tusa ◽  
Esayas Tadesse ◽  
Mulugeta Gobena
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Clinical depression has been associated with various chronic disease conditions. The chronic course of HIV, fostered by the use of antiretroviral therapy in infected patients, puts them at risk of developing clinical depression which unfortunately, is often undiagnosed and therefore untreated. This study aimed to assess Prevalence of unrecognized depression and associated factors among newly diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS in west shoa zone, oromia regional state, central Ethiopia. Method: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was implemented in 2019. A total of 429 newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients who had regular visit at selected public health facilities in west shoa zone, oromia regional state, central Ethiopia were included in the study. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Patient Health Questionnaire item nine (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. In addition to this, HIV perceived stress scale was used to assess HIV-related perceived stress. Result: A total of 429 study participants were included in the study, giving a response rate of 100%. The mean age of the respondents was 37 years (SD ± 10.04). This study revealed that 47.3% of HIV-positive patients had depression. Patients who had opportunity infection [AOR = 2.15, (95% CI 1.41, 3.29)], HIV-related perceived stress [AOR = 2.23, (95% CI 1.44, 3.46)] and CD4 cell count < 200 [AOR = 1.94, (95% CI 1.25, 3.02)] were more likely to have depression as compared to individuals who had no opportunity infection, no perceived HIV stress and CD4 cell count > 200, respectively.Conclusion and recommendation: Having HIV-related perceived stress and opportunity infection of participant had statistically significant association with undiagnosed depressive. Training of health workers in ART clinics and availing manuals on assessing mental health issues is useful to screen and treat depression among HIV patients.

scholarly journals Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Ho Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Osei-Yeboah ◽  
William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽  
Gameli Kwame Norgbe ◽  
Sylvester Yao Lokpo ◽  
Christian Obirikorang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Quality of life (QoL) is an important component in the evaluation of the wellbeing of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). This study was aimed at evaluating the QoL of PLHIV attending the antiretroviral clinics in the Ho municipality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to April 2017 involving 158 purposively selected HIV-positive patients who were attending the antiretroviral clinics both in the Volta Regional Hospital and Ho Municipal Hospital. An Interviewer administered standard questionnaire (WHOQOL-HIV Bref) was used to collect information on sociodemography, medical history, and the quality of life (QoL) of the respondents. Among these 158 HIV-positive respondents, 126 (79.75) and 14 (8.86) presented with excellent and good overall QoL, respectively, whilst 18 (11.39) had their life negatively affected by HIV/AIDS. Religious/personal beliefs (19.62%) were the most affected QoL component, followed by the physical (15.82%) and level of independence (15.19%) domains. Patients’ occupation, perception of health, sexual activity, and state of the disease were associated with poor overall QoL. In general, being an HIV-infected man, symptomatic patient, not being sexually active, or being ART naïve was also associated with poorer QoL in several HIV/AIDS QoL domains.

scholarly journals Measles, mumps, rubella and VZV: importance of serological testing of vaccine-preventable diseases in young adults living with HIV in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SCHWARZE-ZANDER ◽  
R. DRAENERT ◽  
C. LEHMANN ◽  
M. STECHER ◽  
C. BOESECKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Population

SUMMARYMeasles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection can cause serious diseases and complications in the HIV-positive population. Due to successful vaccination programmes measles, mumps and congenital rubella syndrome has become neglected in Germany. However, recent outbreaks of measles have occurred from import-associated cases. In this cross-sectional study the serostatus for MMR and VZV in 2013 HIV-positive adults from three different university outpatient clinics in Bonn (n = 544), Cologne (n = 995) and Munich (n = 474) was analysed. Sera were tested for MMR- and VZV-specific immunglobulin G antibodies using commercial immunoassays. Seronegativity was found in 3% for measles, 26% for mumps, 11% for rubella and 2% for VZV. Regarding MMR, 35% of patients lacked seropositivity against at least one infectious agent. In multivariable analysis younger age was strongly associated with seronegativity against all four viruses, measles, mumps, rubella (P < 0·001, P < 0·001 and P = 0·001, respectively) and VZV (P = 0·001). In conclusion, there is high need for MMR and VZV vaccination in people living with HIV in Germany born in 1970 or later. Thus, systematic MMR and VZV antibody screening and vaccination should be implemented in the HIV-positive population to prevent serious disease and complications of vaccine-preventable diseases.

scholarly journals Association between Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index and neurocognitive function among people living with HIV–a cross sectional study in coastal South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Ganapathy ◽  
Basavaprabhu Achappa ◽  
Vaman Kulkarni ◽  
Deepak Madi ◽  
Ramesh Holla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background HIV is an infectious disease affecting 36.7 million people worldwide. In recent times, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has become accessible to the majority of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and this has transformed the course of infection to one that is chronic, characterized by fewer diseases pathognomonic of AIDS. In view of this, there is a pressing need for better markers, apart from the routine HIV indicators, to detect comorbidities such as Neurocognitive Impairment (NCI). The aim of this study was to find out the association between Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index and Neurocognitive function in HIV positive patients. Methods In our study, we included 97 HIV positive patients and their Neurocognitive function was assessed using a combination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Grooved Pegboard Test, while VACS index was calculated using the most recent laboratory values. Binomial Logistics Regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounding variables, was performed to determine the association between VACS score and Neurocognitive Impairment. Results We found that a higher VACS Index was associated with global and domain-wise Neurocognitive impairment (p < 0.01), specifically in the domains of attention (p < 0.01) and fine motor skills (p = 0.01). Our study also showed that among all the VACS components, older age (p = 0.02) and lower hemoglobin (p < 0.01) values were associated with global NCI. After plotting an ROC curve, a VACS cut-off score of 11.00 was identified as it had good sensitivity (87.0%) and specificity (71.4%) in identifying Global NCI. Conclusion Our findings extend prior research on the use of VACS Index to predict global and domain-wise NCI in HIV-positive patients. However, further research with more comprehensive neurocognitive testing is required in our setting before VACS Index can be used as a tool to screen for neurocognitive dysfunction among PLHIV.

The Bio/Necropolitics of ACTG 076: Lessons from Pregnant Women of Colour Living with HIV for Treatment for Prevention in the Twenty-first Century

Somatechnics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Eli Manning
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Living With Hiv

Since the pharmaceutical turn, using HIV treatment to prevent transmission is increasingly common. Treatment as Prevention®, or TasP, has relied on HIV treatment to prevent HIV transmission, targeting people living with HIV. However, TasP is predicated on troublesome heterosexist, classist, and racist medical practices borrowed from various times and spaces that enact biopolitical and necropolitical relations. This paper discusses the debate surrounding the first clinical trial that used HIV treatment to prevent transmission from woman-to-foetus. The 1994 landmark AIDS Clinical Trials Group 076 study laid the groundwork for using HIV treatment to prevent HIV transmission, the essential precursor to TasP. By examining the concerns of HIV positive women of colour and other AIDS activists, we are able to understand the ethical dilemmas and practical consequences that still haunt today's game-changing uses of HIV treatment for prevention and to see how biopolitics and necropolitics persist in TasP.

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