Exopolysaccharide fromGanoderma applanatumas a Promising Bioactive Compound with Cytostatic and Antibacterial Properties

A new exopolysaccharide preparation isolated from stationary cultures of the white rot fungusGanoderma applanatum(GpEPS) was tested in terms of its bioactive properties including its cytotoxic and immunostimulatory effect. The results indicate that the tested GpEPS (at concentrations above 22.85 µg/mL and 228.5 µg/mL) may exhibit selective activity against tumor cells (cell lines SiHa) and stimulate production of TNF-αTHP-1-derived macrophages at the level of 752.17 pg/mL. The GpEPS showed antibacterial properties againstStaphyloccoccus aureusand a toxic effect againstVibrio fischericells (82.8% cell damage). High cholesterol-binding capacity and triglycerides-binding capacity (57.9% and 41.6% after 24 h of incubation with the tested substances, resp.) were also detected for the investigated samples of GpEPS.

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Possibility to Biotransform Anthracyclines by Peroxidases Produced by Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS 930 with Reduction of Geno- and Cytotoxicity and Pro-Oxidative Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 462

Author(s):

Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk ◽

Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska ◽

Konrad A. Szychowski

Keyword(s):

Biological Treatment ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Anthracycline Antibiotics ◽

Anthraquinone Dyes ◽

Before And After ◽

Lepidium Sativum L

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioremoval mechanism of anthracycline antibiotics by the white-rot fungus B. adusta CCBAS 930. The activity of oxidoreductases and levels of phenolic compounds and free radicals were determined during the biotransformation of anthraquinone antibiotics: daunomycin (DNR) and doxorubicin (DOX) by B. adusta strain CCBAS 930. Moreover, phytotoxicity (Lepidium sativum L.), ecotoxicity (Vibrio fischeri), genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of anthraquinone dyes were evaluated before and after biological treatment. More than 80% and 90% of DNR and DOX were removed by biodegradation (decolorization). Initial solutions of DNR and DOX were characterized by eco-, phyto-, geno- and cytotoxicity. Despite efficient decolorization, secondary metabolites, toxic to bacteria, formed during biotransformation of anthracycline antibiotics in B. adusta CCBAS 930 cultures. DNR and DOX metabolites did not increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human fibroblasts and resazurin reduction. DNR metabolites did not change caspase-3 activity.

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MAJOR BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES OF GANODERMA POLYSACCHARIDES: A REVIEW

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i3.40390 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-24

Author(s):

ZAHOOR AHMAD BHAT ◽

ABDUL HAMID WANI ◽

JOHN MOHD WAR ◽

MOHD YAQUB BHAT

Keyword(s):

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Potential Health ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Folk Remedy ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Points Of View ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Anti Inflammation

Ganoderma a white rot fungus has been used as a folk remedy for promoting health and longevity for centuries. The vast amount of study has been performed on the medicinal properties of Ganoderma in general and Ganoderma lucidum in particular. The bioactivities of the metabolites reported from G. lucidum are immense. The main bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum consist of mainly polysaccharides and triterpenoids. The major bioactive polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma species are β (1→3), β (1→4), and β (1→6)-D glucans. With respect to the pure chemical and structural points of view, G. lucidum polysaccharides are mostly composed of β-glucans, heteropolysaccharides, and glycoptoteins. The major component of this sugar molecule is glucose together with xylose, mannose, galactose, and fructose in different conformations. Many of these bioactive polysaccharides have shown activities against the major diseases of our time and the list of effects shown is huge. Various important bioactivities, namely, antitumor, antioxidant, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-HIV, and so on have been shown by these bioactive polysaccharides. The main purpose of this review is to report the most bioactive polysaccharides from G. lucidum and other species of Ganoderma and to report their potential health benefits.

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New Bioactive Fungal Molecules with High Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Capacity Isolated fromCerrena unicolorIdiophasic Cultures

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/497492 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Magdalena Jaszek ◽

Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk ◽

Grzegorz Janusz ◽

Anna Matuszewska ◽

Dawid Stefaniuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Extracellular Laccase

Three bioactive fractions, extracellular laccase (ex-LAC), crude endopolysaccharides (c-EPL), and a low molecular subfraction of secondary metabolites (ex-LMS), were isolated from the idiophasic cultures of the white rot fungusCerrena unicolor. For the first time, we determined the antioxidant properties of these samples by chemiluminometric measurement (a) and assessment of the scavenging effect on ABTS (b) and the DPPH reduction rate (c). The highest reducing capability was found for the ex-LMS fraction: 39–90% for (a), 20–90% for (b), and 10–59% for (c) at the concentration of 6.25–800 µg/mL. The scavenging abilities of theC. unicolorc-EPL were between 36 and 70% for (a), 2 and 60% for (b), and 28 and 32% for (c) at the concentration of 6.25–800 µg/mL. A very high prooxidative potential was observed for the ex-LAC probes. The preliminary toxicity tests were done using the Microtox system and revealed the following percentage of the toxic effect againstVibrio fischeri: 85.37% for c-EPL, 50.67% for ex-LAC, and 99.8% for ex-LMS, respectively. The ex-LAC sample showed the antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli, c-EPL againstStaphylococcus aureus, and ex-LMS against both bacterial strains, respectively, but the stronger inhibitory effect was exerted onS. aureus.

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Effect of Neem Oil (Azadirachtin) Against White Rot Fungus (Polyporous Versicolor) in Wood Plastic Particle Board

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/jan2014/177 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 20-21

Author(s):

A.Sangeetha A.Sangeetha ◽

◽

K.Thanigai K.Thanigai ◽

Narasimhamurthy Narasimhamurthy ◽

S.K.Nath S.K.Nath

Keyword(s):

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Particle Board ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Plastic Particle

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Effects of White Rot Fungus Physisporinus sp., Isolated in Japan, on Styrene-butadiene Rubber

NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI ◽

10.2324/gomu.93.289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (9) ◽

pp. 289-292

Author(s):

Yumi SHIMIZU ◽

Shuma SATHO ◽

Taro NAKAJIMA ◽

Hiroaki KOUZAI ◽

Kiminori SHIMIZU

Keyword(s):

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Styrene Butadiene

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Synergistic Methodology Based on Ion Exchange and Biodegradation Mechanisms Applied for Metal Complex Dye Removal from Waste Waters

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.1.6041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Nicoleta Mirela Marin ◽

Olga Tiron ◽

Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽

Mihaela Costache ◽

Mihai Nita Lazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Basic Anion Exchange Resin ◽

Km Value ◽

Points Of View ◽

Basic Anion

This study investigates the synergistic effects of ion exchange and biodegradation methods to remove the Acid Blue 193 also called Gryfalan Navy Blue RL (GNB) dye from wastewater. Ion exchange studies were performed using a strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400. The equilibrium was characterized by a kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, establishing that the sorption of the GNB dye was subject to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 = 0.8710. Experimental results showed that the activated resin can removed up to 93.4% when the concentration of dye solution is 5.62�10-2 mM. The biodegradation of the GNB was induced by laccase, an enzyme isolated from white-rot fungus. It was also analyzed the role of pH and dye concentration on GNB biodegradation, so 5�10-2 mM dye had a maximum discoloration efficiency of 82.9% at pH of 4. The laccase showed a very fast and robust activity reaching in a few minutes a Km value of 2.2�10-1mM. In addition, increasing the GNB concentration up to 8�10-1 mM did not triggered a substrat inhibition effect on the laccase activity. Overall, in this study we proposed a mixt physicochemical and biological approach to enhance the GNB removal and biodegradability from the wastewaters and subsequently the environment.

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The Onset of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes, Decrease of AOX and Color Removal by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Bleach Plant Effluents

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0475 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (3-4) ◽

pp. 189-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

V. P. Lankinen ◽

M. M. Inkeröinen ◽

J. Pellinen ◽

A. I. Hatakka

Keyword(s):

Lignin Peroxidase ◽

Active Form ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Color Removal ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Lignin Peroxidases ◽

Pulp Mill Effluents

Decrease of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOX) is becoming the most important criterion for the efficiency of pulp mill effluent treatment in the 1990s. Two methods, designated MYCOR and MYCOPOR which utilize the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium have earlier been developed for the color removal of pulp mill effluents, but the processes have also a capacity to decrease the amount of chlorinated organic compounds. Lignin peroxidases (ligninases) produced by P. chrvsosporium may dechlorinate chlorinated phenols. In this work possibilities to use selected white-rot fungi in the treatment of E1-stage bleach plant effluent were studied. Phlebia radiata. Phanerochaete chrvsosporium and Merulius (Phlebia) tremellosus were compared in shake flasks for their ability to produce laccase, lignin peroxidase(s) and manganese-dependent peroxidase(s) and to remove color from a medium containing effluent. Softwood bleaching effluents were treated by carrier-immobilized P. radiata in 2 1 bioreactors and a 10 1 BiostatR -fermentor. Dechlorination was followed using Cl ion and AOX determinations. All fungi removed the color of the effluent. In P. radiata cultivations AOX decrease was ca. 4 mg l−1 in one day. Apparent lignin peroxidase activities as determined by veratryl alcohol oxidation method were negligible or zero in a medium with AOX content of ca. 60 mg l−1, prepared using about 20 % (v/v) of softwood effluent. However, the purification of extracellular enzymes implied that large amounts of lignin peroxidases were present in the medium and, after the purification, in active form. Enzyme proteins were separated using anion exchange chromatography, and they were further characterized by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to reveal the kind of enzymes that were present during AOX decrease and color removal. The most characteristic lignin peroxidase isoenzymes in effluent media were LiP2 and LiP3.

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