scholarly journals Wheat Landraces Are Better Qualified as Potential Gene Pools at Ultraspaced rather than Densely Grown Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissavet G. Ninou ◽  
Ioannis G. Mylonas ◽  
Athanasios Tsivelikas ◽  
Parthenopi Ralli ◽  
Christos Dordas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perfect Match ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Competitive Disadvantage ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Interplant Competition ◽  
Dense Stand

The negative relationship between the yield potential of a genotype and its competitive ability may constitute an obstacle to recognize outstanding genotypes within heterogeneous populations. This issue was investigated by growing six heterogeneous wheat landraces along with a pure-line commercial cultivar under both dense and widely spaced conditions. The performance of two landraces showed a perfect match to the above relationship. Although they lagged behind the cultivar by 64 and 38% at the dense stand, the reverse was true with spaced plants where they succeeded in out-yielding the cultivar by 58 and 73%, respectively. It was concluded that dense stand might undervalue a landrace as potential gene pool in order to apply single-plant selection targeting pure-line cultivars, attributable to inability of plants representing high yielding genotypes to exhibit their capacity due to competitive disadvantage. On the other side, the yield expression of individuals is optimized when density is low enough to preclude interplant competition. Therefore, the latter condition appears ideal to identify the most promising landrace for breeding and subsequently recognize the individuals representing the most outstanding genotypes.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

scholarly journals Evolution of New Guar Variety “BR-21” With High Yield Potential through Pure-Line Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Rashid Minhas ◽  
Lal Hussain Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Muhammad Shahjahan Bukhari ◽  
Muhmmad Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Line ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
High Yield Potential

Assessment of the reactions of pure lines selected from Turkish bread wheat landraces against bunt disease (Tilletia foetida) with the GGE-biplot method

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevlüt Akçura ◽  
Kadir Akan
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Tilletia Foetida

AbstractThe present research was conducted to determine the reactions of 200 pure lines selected from bread wheat landraces collected from 18 provinces and seven regions of Turkey against bunt disease (Tilletia foetida) under field conditions for 3 years. Bunt disease reactions of pure lines were assessed based on the infected spike/total spike ratio. For visually assessed materials, the GGE-biplot method, where G = genotype effect and GE = genotype-by-environment effect, was used to group the reactions against bunt disease. Fifty-nine pure lines showed high resistance (with infection rates ranging from 0.1 to 10%); 24 in the moderate resistance (with infection rates ranging from 10.1 to 25%); 75 in the moderate susceptibility (with infection rates ranging from 25.1 to 45%); 38 in the susceptibility (with infection rates ranging from 45.1 to 70%) and finally four in the highly susceptibility (with infection rates of >70.1%). PC1 and PC2 of the GGE-biplot graph created over the years explained 76.49% of the total variation. The GGE-biplot graph provided efficient identification of resistant genotypes. The lowest PC1 values and PC2 values close to 0.0 explained the resistance of pure line to bunt disease best. The resistance of pure lines to bunt disease over the biplot decreased from the first section through the last section. Based on the results of present study, 19 pure lines (located within the first circle of the biplot graph) were selected for resistance breeding programmes against the diseases.

scholarly journals Exploring the Bush yam (Dioscorea praehensilis Benth) as a Source of Agronomic and Quality Trait Genes in White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Adewumi ◽  
Paterne A. Agre ◽  
Paul A. Asare ◽  
Michael O. Adu ◽  
Kingsley J. Taah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Tuber Flesh ◽  
Guinea Yam

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important food security crop in the tropics and subtropics. However, it is characterized by a narrow genetic base within cultivated and breeding lines for tuber yield, disease resistance, and postharvest traits, which hinders the yam breeding progress. Identification of new sources of desirable genes for these traits from primary and secondary gene pools is essential for this crop improvement. This study aimed at identifying potential sources of genes for yield and quality traits in a panel of 162 accessions of D. praehensilis, a semi-domesticated yam species, for improving the major yam species, D. rotundata. Significant differences were observed for assessed traits (p < 0.05), with D. praehensilis genotypes out-performing the best D. rotundata landraces for tuber yield (23.47 t ha−1), yam mosaic virus (YMV) resistance (AUDPC = 147.45), plant vigour (2.43) and tuber size (2.73). The study revealed significant genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variance for tuber yield, YMV severity score, and tuber flesh oxidation. We had also a medium-to-high broad-sense heritability (H2b) for most of the traits except for the dry matter content and tuber flesh oxidation. This study identified some promising D. praehensilis genotypes for traits such as high yield potential (WNDpr76, CDpr28, CDPr7, EDpr14, and WNDpr63), resistance to YMV (WNDpr76, CDpr7, EDpr14, CDpr28, and EDpr13), high dry matter content (WNDpr76, CDpr28, and WNDpr24), low tuber flesh oxidation (WNDpr76, CDpr5, WNDpr31, CDpr40, and WNDpr94) and high number of tubers per plant (WNDpr76, CDpr7, CDpr68, CDpr29, and CDpr58). These genotypes could, therefore, be employed in breeding programmes to improve the white Guinea yam by broadening its genetic base.

Agronomic performance of different stature sunflower cultivars under different levels of interplant competition

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Angadi ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Interplant Competition

Early-maturing, short-stature sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars improve the adaptability of sunflower to the short growing season of western Canada. However, the agronomic potential of the recently developed dwarf cultivars in comparison to standard-height sunflower is yet to be understood. Multi-environment field studies, consisting of space-planted trials, where interplant competition was low, and agronomy trials, where plants were grown at commercial population densities, were conducted in southern Manitoba to compare the yield formation of dwarf hybrids (sunwheats; SW-101 and SW-103), and dwarf open-pollinated c ultivars (sunola; Aurora and Sierra) with that of standard-height cultivars (IS-6111 and SF-187). In space-planted trials, dry matter (DM) accumulation and water use efficiency for dry matter production (WUEDM) decreased as plant height decreased. In agronomy trials, differences in DM and WUEDM among the different height classes were masked. The diversion of assimilate from stem to head depended on the genetic background, while the efficiency of utilising assimilate in the head for seed production was lower in dwarf cultivars. Only one of the four dwarf cultivars (SW-103) displayed a higher harvest index than IS-6111. Higher seed yield for the standard-height cultivar, IS-6111, and the dwarf open-pollinated cultivar, Aurora, compared to other cultivars was attributed to both greater DM and improved DM partitioning. However, variations observed among the dwarf cultivars for DM accumulation and partitioning revealed that the dwarfing gene was not a limiting factor for breeding a dwarf sunflower cultivar with better partitioning of DM along with better yield potential. Key words: Dwarf sunflower, Sunola, seed yield, biomass, water use efficiency

MILK YIELD POTENTIAL AND PEPSIN - CELLULASE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS USING ANKOM DAISYII INCUBATOR

2017 ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Ondrej Pastierik ◽  
Milan &#;imko ◽  
Ondrej Hanu&#;ovský ◽  
Miroslav Jurá&#;ek ◽  
Branislav Gálik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Linear Regression Models

The aim of this study was to determined nutritive value of five hybrids varying in maturity sown to plots of experimental site located in southern Slovakia. Nutrient contents and digestibility parameters were obtained from samples of herbage or silages to estimate net energy of lactation (NEL) contents and milk yield (MY) potential based on in vivo digestibility of organic matter (DOM), pepsin-cellulase in vitro digestibility of OM (IVOMD) using Ankom DaisyII Incubator (Ankom Technology Corp., NY, USA), cellulase digestibility of OM (CDOMD), neutral detergent fiber (CDNDF) or in vitro digestible non starch carbohydrates (IVDNSC). Genotype effect accounted for differences in carbohydrates content and crude protein (CP). Linear regression models increased coefficient of determination (R2) when CDOMD and IVOMD were included to predict in vivo apparent digestibility NDF (NDFD) but RMSE were higher compared to DOM. Structural carbohydrate contents had mostly precise estimates but limited R2 as the predictors of DOM, NDFD and NEL in combination with in vitro digestibility determinants. There was negative relationship of IVOMD and DOM (r = - 0.72; p < 0.01) but positive as it comes to CDOMD (r = 0.81; p < 0.01). Equations based on CDOMD (E7), IVDNSC and CP (E8) and CDNDF and Starch (E9) were selected to predict NEL. Residuals of NEL (observed – predicted) ranged from – 0.57 to 0.41 MJ/kg. Mid-late hybrids had higher MY kg/ha and MY kg/Mg than early (FAO 340). E7 and E9 were sensitive to ADL content while E8 favored hybrids rich in Starch.

scholarly journals Influence of protein concentration on farinograph absorption, mixing requirements and mixing tolerance

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
M. I. P. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Wide Range

Accurate and precise measurements of grain quality traits are required throughout the wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.) production and marketing chain to ensure that quality standards are maintained. In the present study, spring and winter wheat genotypes representing a wide range of grain quality types and protein concentration (PC) were grown in dry land and irrigated nitrogen fertilizer trials in western Canada to determine the influence of flour PC and quality on farinograph water absorption, mixing requirements and mixing tolerance. As expected, there was a strong linear relationship between PC and water absorption. In contrast, PC had a large nonlinear influence on mixing requirements and tolerance measurements, which made it difficult to make meaningful comparisons among genotypes when flour PC was less than 12%. Consequently, because cultivar grain yield potential, environment, and fertilizer management decisions have a large and variable influence on PC, it is important that cultivar selection procedures and marketing programs based on farinograph measurements include grain quality comparisons made over a wide range of PC and preferably at similar PC. This allows for a more accurate assessment of cultivar genetic potential that is independent of the normally strong negative relationship between PC and grain yield potential. When combined with the ability to segregate grain on the basis of PC at the time of delivery, it also allows producers a greater opportunity to select cultivars and adopt management practices that maximize returns while maintaining effective quality control in grain handling systems. Key words: Wheat, grain quality, farinograph, protein concentration, N management, cultivar selection and marketing

scholarly journals Effects of agrotechnical factors on the quality and quantity of yield in winter wheat production

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Zoltán Magyar ◽  
Péter Pepó ◽  
Ernő Gyimes
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Single Kernel Characterization System ◽  
Quality Aspect ◽  
Effect On Yield

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of basic agrotechnical factors on the yield and quality of winter wheat. Two experiments were set in 2017/2018 growing season, where we studied the influence of different forecrops, fertilizing treatments and cultivars. 204 samples were measured with Single Kernel Characterization System and NIR grain analyser to determine protein (NIR-P), wet gluten (NIR-WG), Hardness Index (HI), kernel weight (KW) and kernel diameter (KD). Fertilizing had a significant effect on yield, KW, HI, NIR-P and NIR-WG, except KD. N90PK dosage was enough to realize yield potential for 6 out of 9 cultivars, but considering protein content N150PK dosage was needed. The forecrop had no significant influence on yield, KW, KD or HI, however sweet corn as previous crop had significant improving effect on NIR-P and NIR-WG compared to sunflower as forecrop. According to our data of correlation analysis, no negative relationship was found between yield and NIR-P, however HI was in medium positive correlation with NIR-P. The variety Vyckor had the highest yield, but in quality aspect, the highest NIR-P and NIR-WG values belonged to KG Kunhalom variety.

Relationships between carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield in winter wheat under well-watered and drought conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. ARAVINDA KUMAR ◽  
S. N. AZAM-ALI ◽  
J. W. SNAPE ◽  
R. M. WEIGHTMAN ◽  
M. J. FOULKES
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Dh Lines

SUMMARYThe association of carbon isotope discrimination of grain (Δ13C) with yield performance under rain-fed and well-watered conditions was analysed using a doubled-haploid (DH) winter wheat population, derived from the cross between cvars Beaver×Soissons, within field experiments at two site-seasons. The aim of this work was to quantify associations between Δ13C and yield responses to drought and to test effects of major genes (the semi-dwarf genes, Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, an awn suppressor gene, B1 and the 1BL.1RS wheat–rye chromosome translocation) segregating in the population for associations with Δ13C and drought performance. Carbon isotope discrimination, through its negative relationship with transpiration efficiency, may be used as a surrogate for this trait. Grain Δ13C was positively associated with grain yield under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions in each site-season and, overall, explained 0·34 of the phenotypic variation in grain yield amongst DH lines under drought and 0·14 under well-watered conditions. There was a positive association between specific leaf lamina N content (SLN) at anthesis and Δ13C under drought amongst DH lines in one site-season, suggesting higher SLN may confer increased stomatal conductance via higher photosynthetic capacity, hence increased grain Δ13C. Overall the Rht-D1b (semi-dwarf) lines had slightly higher Δ13C of grain (20·0‰) than the Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a (tall) group of lines (19·8‰). There were no significant differences between the Rht-B1b (semi-dwarf) or the Rht-B1b/Rht-D1b (dwarf) lines and the tall lines. Comparing their performance under irrigated and unirrigated conditions, the Rht groups of lines (Rht-B1b semi-dwarf, Rht-D1b semidwarf and dwarf and tall groups) responded no differently to drought for Δ13C. The Rht-D1b semi-dwarf lines had higher grain yield (9·50 t/ha) than the tall lines (8·76 t/ha), while the yield of the Rht-B1b semi-dwarf and dwarf lines did not differ significantly from the tall lines. In each site-season, the presence of the 1BL.1RS chromosome increased grain Δ13C (P<0·001), with an overall increase from 19·7‰ in the 1B lines to 20·0‰ in the 1BL.1RS lines (P<0·001). However, the 1BL.1RS and 1B lines responded similarly to drought. The effect of the presence/absence of awns on grain Δ13C was not statistically significant in either site-season. Overall, the present results show that Rht-D1b confers higher Δ13C and grain yield, and the 1BL.1RS translocation confers higher Δ13C. This implies that modern UK wheat cultivars may have lower water-use efficiency during the grain filling period than their predecessors, and therefore may require more water to fulfil their yield potential.

scholarly journals Identification of promising lentil genotypes for Terai region of West Bengal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senpon Ngomle ◽  
P. M. Bhattacharya ◽  
B. S. Ambesh ◽  
A. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Better Than

The present investigation was carried out during 2015 – 2017, where 22 lentil genotypes grown under bio inoculation treated and non treated conditions in multi location for two consecutive seasons, in order to identify bio inoculants responsive and suitable varieties. The trial was conducted in two district of West Bengal i.e. Malda and Coochbehar. The results indicated that genotypes responded differentially to bio inoculants. Six genotypes ILL-2-8, PL-406, Subrata, ILL-2-14, L-4076 and ILL-10951 performed well with higher inoculation efficiency. There was a positive relation between inoculation efficiency and change in harvest index due to bio inoculation and a negative relationship was found between percent incremental dry matter accumulated in the shoot and change in harvest index due to bio-inoculation. Five lentil genotypes which are responsive to bio inoculants were selected and its assessment was done in order to select the most suitable genotypes in specific environments. From the results, it was evident that significant differences were found among 5 lentil genotypes. In Coochbehar district the highest yield was recorded in K 75 (1.83t/ha). In Malda district, the same variety yielded significantly higher than all other varieties with 2.47 t/ha. Out of the selected varieties for multilocational trial, which performed better than the popular variety Maitree with a potential yield of 1.16 and 1.76 t/ha in Coochbehar and Malda tested under different projects, K-75 and BM-6 may be selected for further exploitation in the region with good adaptability and yield potential.

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