scholarly journals Calibration and Algorithm Development for Estimation of Nitrogen in Wheat Crop Using Tractor Mounted N-Sensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjeet Singh ◽  
Rajneesh Kumar ◽  
Ankit Sharma ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
S. K. Thind
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Algorithm Development ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Different Levels

The experiment was planned to investigate the tractor mounted N-sensor (Make Yara International) to predict nitrogen (N) for wheat crop under different nitrogen levels. It was observed that, for tractor mounted N-sensor, spectrometers can scan about 32% of total area of crop under consideration. An algorithm was developed using a linear relationship between sensor sufficiency index (SIsensor) andSISPADto calculate theNappas a function ofSISPAD. There was a strong correlation among sensor attributes (sensor value, sensor biomass, and sensor NDVI) and different N-levels. It was concluded that tillering stage is most prominent stage to predict crop yield as compared to the other stages by using sensor attributes. The algorithms developed for tillering and booting stages are useful for the prediction of N-application rates for wheat crop. N-application rates predicted by algorithm developed and sensor value were almost the same for plots with different levels of N applied.

Nitrogen levels and age at harvest and their effects on the nutritive value and fermentative characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Ricardo Prieto-Prieto ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
Rebecca Tirado-Corbalá
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Entire Plant

The experiment consisted of two dates of planting [in September (D1) and February (D2)] of maize (Zea mays L.) DKC 67-60, to evaluate the effect of four N fertilization levels (0, 56, 112 and 185 kg/ha) and three ages at harvest [70, 77 and 84 days after planting (DAP)] on dry matter yield (DMY) of the leaves, stem, ear and of the entire plant; and as indicators of nutritive value [crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)] of harvested material prior to ensiling. In both plantings, the levels of N affected (P<0.05) DMY of leaves, stems, ears and entire plant, exhibiting both a linear and a quadratic response, and suggesting that the optimum N application rate is between 112 and 185 kg/ha. Age at harvest date affected (P<0.05) DMY of stems, ears and entire plant, but not that of the leaves. Greater DMY was observed at 84 DAP for all components. The CP concentration was greater in the forage of the first planting (D1). Increasing N application rates increased CP, but had no effect on NDF concentration. Age at harvest had no effect on CP, but progressively increased NDF. Both pH and organic acid concentrations in the silages were similar with the four N levels; all of the silages showed good fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA, IDADES DE CORTE DA PLANTA E PRÉ-TRATAMENTOS DA FIBRA SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL DE CAPIM-ELEFANTE CULTIVADO EM SOLOS DE CERRADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Américo Glória ◽  
Flávia Lucila Tonani de Siqueira ◽  
Guilherme Benko De Siqueira ◽  
Walysson Bernardo Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Itana Neiva Batista
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Different Levels

INFLUÊNCIA DA ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA, IDADES DE CORTE DA PLANTA E PRÉ-TRATAMENTOS DA FIBRA SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL DE CAPIM-ELEFANTE CULTIVADO EM SOLOS DE CERRADO   PAULO RICARDO AMÉRICO GLÓRIA1, FLÁVIA LUCILA TONANI DE SIQUEIRA2, GUILHERME BENKO DE SIQUEIRA3, WALYSSON BERNARDO RODRIGUES SANTOS4, ITANA NEIVA BATISTA5   1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroenergia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Avenida NS – 15, ALCNO – 14, Quadra 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Departamento de Agroenergia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroenergia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Avenida NS – 15, ALCNO – 14, Quadra 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brasil. [email protected] 3 Departamento de Agroenergia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroenergia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Avenida NS – 15, ALCNO – 14, Quadra 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brasil. [email protected] 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroenergia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Avenida NS – 15, ALCNO – 14, Quadra 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brasil. [email protected] 5 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroenergia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Avenida NS – 15, ALCNO – 14, Quadra 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brasil. [email protected]   RESUMO: O experimento avaliou o efeito de diferentes níveis de adubação nitrogenada (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1) e idades de corte da planta (100, 130 e 160 dias após o plantio) sobre a produtividade do capim-elefante “BRS Canará” e a influência de diferentes pré-tratamentos da fração fibrosa (um, utilizando autoclavagem em meio ácido, e o outro, em meio ácido seguido de básico) sobre o rendimento em etanol estimado pela hidrólise da fibra. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas sub subdivididas. A produtividade não foi influenciada pelos diferentes níveis de adubação nitrogenada, entretanto, na medida em que as idades de corte avançaram, foi observado incremento significativo (P<0,05) na produção do capim-elefante. Os fatores experimentais não interagiram entre si significativamente (P>0,05), exceto para estimativa de rendimento de etanol em L.t-1 de matéria seca original nas variáveis idades de corte da planta e pré-tratamentos. Os níveis de nitrogênio não influenciaram o rendimento em etanol. O corte realizado aos 100 dias apresentou maior rendimento em L.t-1 de matéria seca pré-tratada (93,67 litros), já o corte aos 160 dias proporcionou o maior rendimento em L ha-1 (426,09 litros). O pré-tratamento ácido/base proporcionou maior rendimento em L.t-1 de matéria seca pré-tratada (114,41 litros), mas não foi observado efeito significativo (P>0,05) entre pré-tratamentos quando o rendimento foi expresso em L ha-1.   Palavras-chave: biomassa, etanol, nitrogênio, corte, pré-tratamentos.   INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION, PLANT CUTTING AGES AND FIBER PRE-TREATMENTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF CAPIM ELEPHANT ETHANOL CULTIVATED IN CLOSED SOILS   ABSTRACT: The experiment evaluated the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and cutting ages (100, 130 and 160 days after planting) on elephant grass “BRS Canará” productivity and the influence of different pre treatments of fibrous fraction (one, using autoclaving in a medium acid and the other, in a medium acid followed by basic) on the ethanol yield estimated by the fiber hydrolysis. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a subdivided plot scheme. The productivity was not influenced by the different levels of nitrogen fertilization, however, as the cutting ages advanced, a significant increase (P <0.05) in the production of elephant grass was observed. The experimental factors did not interact with each other significantly (P> 0.05), except for estimation of ethanol yield in L.t-1 of original dry matter in the plant cutting age and pretreatment variables. Nitrogen levels did not influence ethanol yield. The cut made at 100 days showed the highest yield in L.t-1 of pre-treated dry matter (93.67 liters), while the cut at 160 days provided the highest yield in L ha-1 (426.09 liters). The acid / base pretreatment provided the highest yield in Lt-1 of pre-treated dry matter (114.41 liters), but no significant effect (P> 0.05) was observed between pretreatments when the yield was expressed in L ha-1.   Keywords: biomass, ethanol, nitrogen, cutting, pre-treatments.

scholarly journals The hematologic characteristics of sickle cell anemia bearing the Bantu haplotype: the relationship between G gamma and HbF level

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Nagel ◽  
SK Rao ◽  
O Dunda-Belkhodja ◽  
MM Connolly ◽  
ME Fabry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hbf Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Previous work has demonstrated that the HbS gene has appeared and expanded three times in Africa in three separate geographic locations and that these three distinct mutational events can be identified by linked DNA polymorphic sites (haplotypes) surrounding the abnormal gene. We have reported that the Senegalese and Beninian haplotypes differ in G gamma expression, mean percentage of HbF, and percentage of dense cells. We now report on the third haplotype, the Bantu, and find that it has intermediate features, namely, the high mean percentage of HbF and low percentage of dense cells associated with the Senegalese haplotype, but with a low percentage of G gamma expression similar to the Beninian haplotype. The distribution of percent HbF is quite different from Senegal haplotype-bearing sickle cell anemia patients since it covers a much wider range. The low G gamma expression is also different from the Beninians since it contains a significant and unique cluster of individuals with lower than 38% G gamma. Interestingly, among the Bantu there is a strong correlation between HbF levels and G gamma expression, which is not seen with the other haplotypes. These findings open the possibility that among the Bantu haplotype-bearing individuals two chromosomal types exist that define different levels of G gamma and HbF expression. Further structural exploration of these two potential subhaplotypes is needed.

scholarly journals The hematologic characteristics of sickle cell anemia bearing the Bantu haplotype: the relationship between G gamma and HbF level

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Nagel ◽  
SK Rao ◽  
O Dunda-Belkhodja ◽  
MM Connolly ◽  
ME Fabry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hbf Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Previous work has demonstrated that the HbS gene has appeared and expanded three times in Africa in three separate geographic locations and that these three distinct mutational events can be identified by linked DNA polymorphic sites (haplotypes) surrounding the abnormal gene. We have reported that the Senegalese and Beninian haplotypes differ in G gamma expression, mean percentage of HbF, and percentage of dense cells. We now report on the third haplotype, the Bantu, and find that it has intermediate features, namely, the high mean percentage of HbF and low percentage of dense cells associated with the Senegalese haplotype, but with a low percentage of G gamma expression similar to the Beninian haplotype. The distribution of percent HbF is quite different from Senegal haplotype-bearing sickle cell anemia patients since it covers a much wider range. The low G gamma expression is also different from the Beninians since it contains a significant and unique cluster of individuals with lower than 38% G gamma. Interestingly, among the Bantu there is a strong correlation between HbF levels and G gamma expression, which is not seen with the other haplotypes. These findings open the possibility that among the Bantu haplotype-bearing individuals two chromosomal types exist that define different levels of G gamma and HbF expression. Further structural exploration of these two potential subhaplotypes is needed.

scholarly journals Influence of Cultivars, N levels and Time of N Application on Plant Characters, leaf Composition, and Yield of Corn Grown on an Oxisol.

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
J. Badillo-Feliciano ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
T. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Level ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment was conducted during the summer of 1975 (June 5 to September 24) on a clayey Oxisol in northwestern Puerto Rico to test the performance of 7 cultivars of corn at 2 different levels of N (67 and 134 kg/ha) at 3 different times of application (all at planting, 1/4 at planting + 3/4 one month after planting, and all one month after planting). There were no significant differences in yields between the 2 levels of N, but there was a significant 5% increase in yield with all N applied postplant in comparison with all preplant. There were also significant differences between grain yield of cultivars. The best grain yields were obtained with Pioneer X- 3068 with more than 8,000 kg/ha at both N levels and times of application. An almost neglected local cultivar, Diente de Caballo, had a high mean yield of 7,387 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than those of the other 5 cultivars. Funk's G-795W and Opaque-2 type Sp 622 were the lowest yielders with about 5,400 and 4,800 kg/ha, respectively. Standard local cultivars (Mayorbela, and two other Opaque-2-Tuxpeño x La Posta and Composite K, hard endosperm) were intermediate in yield with over 6,000 kg/ha. Pioneer X-3068, Diente de Caballo, Tuxpeño X la Posta and Composite K, hard endosperm, produced over 6,000 kg/ha of stover, while Sp 622 produced only about 3,900 kg/ha. Plants of Pioneer X-3068 and Diente de Caballo were the tallest, while those of Sp 622 were the lowest. Plants of Funk's G- 795W had the smallest mean stem diameter. Mean leaf Nat silking was higher for all cultivars in the high N level (134 kg/ha) than in the low N level (67 kg/ha), except in Mayorbela. There were no significant interactions between cultivars, N levels and time of N applications.

Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. M. Samogim ◽  
T. C. Oliveira ◽  
Z. N. Figueiredo ◽  
J. M. B. Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

Effect of Reduced N Application on Crop Yield in Maize-Soybean Intercropp­ing System

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ming LIU ◽  
Tai-Wen YONG ◽  
Ben-Ying SU ◽  
Wen-Yu LIU ◽  
Li ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Application

scholarly journals Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Birkás ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Gecse ◽  
K. Bordás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at G&ouml;d&ouml;ll&ouml;. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainability in Food Systems: Addressing Changing Climate through Real Time Nitrogen and Weed Management in a Conservation Agriculture-Based Maize–Wheat System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5010
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Vinod K. Singh ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Rishi Raj ◽  
T. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Management

The proven significance of conservation agriculture (CA) in enhancing agronomic productivity and resource use efficiency across diverse agro-ecologies is often challenged by weed interference and nitrogen (N) immobilization. The collective effect of real-time N and weed management has been scarcely studied. To evaluate the appropriateness of sensor-based N management in conjunction with a broad-spectrum weed control strategy for the maize–wheat system, an experiment was conducted at ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute—in New Delhi, India, during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Weed management in maize through Sesbania brown manure followed by post-emergence application of 2,4-D (BM + 2,4-D) in maize and tank-mix clodinafop-propargyl (60 g ha−1) and carfentrazone (20 g ha−1) (Clodi+carfentra) in wheat resulted in minimum weed infestation in both crops. It also resulted in highest maize (5.92 and 6.08 t ha−1) and wheat grain yields (4.91 and 5.4 t ha−1) during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively. Half of the N requirement, when applied as basal and the rest as guided by Optical crop sensor, resulted in saving 56 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the maize–wheat system, respectively, over 100% N application as farmers’ fertilizer practice during the two consecutive years. Interactive effect of N and weed management on economic yield of maize and wheat was also significant and maximum yield was obtained with 50% N application as basal + rest as per Optical crop sensor and weed management through BM+2,4-D in maize and Clodi+carfentra in wheat crop. The study concludes that real-time N management, complemented with appropriate weed management, improved growth, enhanced agronomic productivity and endorsed N saving under a CA-based maize–wheat system in Trans Indo-Gangetic Plains.

Effect of Catfish Bone Paste on the Properties of Steamed Bread

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 757-760
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Ren ◽  
Li Zhen Ma ◽  
Xin Yi He
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
A Value ◽  
Crumb Structure ◽  
Steamed Bread ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different levels of catfish bone paste to flour on the physicochemical, textural and crumb structure properties of steamed bread. Six different levels (0, 1, 3, 5, 7,10 %) of catfish bone paste to flour were used in the formulation of the steamed bread. The results showed that the weight loss and TTA of steamed bread decreased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. On the other hand, the pH increased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. The specific volume, hardness, chewiness and gas cell structure in the crumb of steamed bread with catfish bone paste at 5% supplementation level were better. Thus, a value of 5% catfish bone paste was considered a better level for incorporation into the steamed bread.

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