scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Applicability of Compensatory Cognitive Training for Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sadao Otsuka ◽  
Mie Matsui ◽  
Takatoshi Hoshino ◽  
Kayoko Miura ◽  
Yuko Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Design Analyses

Although cognitive remediation or training for schizophrenia has been developed, few studies on the subject have focused on Japanese patients. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and applicability of compensatory cognitive training (CCT) in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-six participants diagnosed with schizophrenia were assigned to either the CCT plus treatment as usual group (n=13) or the treatment as usual alone group (n=13). CCT is a 12-session, manualized, group-based training that coaches compensatory strategies in four cognitive domains (prospective memory, attention, verbal memory, and executive functions). Cognitive, functional, and clinical symptom measures were implemented at baseline, after treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Mixed design analyses of variance with group and time for each measure demonstrated that effects of CCT on verbal memory, processing speed, and social functioning at postintervention were significant, and the effects on processing speed were maintained at follow-up. Our study suggests that CCT has beneficial effects on cognitive performance, improving functional outcomes in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, the high degrees of attendance rates and level of satisfaction rated by the CCT participants ensure the applicability of this methodology to this population.

Effects of the number of hospitalizations on cognitive function in Japanese patients with stable schizophrenia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hikaru Hori ◽  
Kiyokazu Atake ◽  
Asuka Katsuki ◽  
Reiji Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Brief Assessment

Abstract Background The present study aimed to determine whether the number of hospitalizations in schizophrenia patients is associated with reduced cognitive performance, which may in turn imply that recurrences indirectly lead to a worsening in the disorder’s progression. Methods Cognitive performance in stable schizophrenia patients was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese-language version, on 30 patients who had not experienced any hospitalizations (G0), 57 patients who had experienced only one hospitalization (G1), 47 patients with two hospitalizations (G2), and 59 patients with three or more hospitalizations (G3). Results Significant differences in motor function and attention and processing speed were found between patients with G0 and those with G1. Significant differences in working memory and verbal fluency were found between patients with G1 and those with G2. Patients with G3 performed even more poorly in comparison with those with G1, showing deficits in verbal memory, working memory, executive function, and composite score. The patients with G3 displayed a greater range of impairment and demonstrated deficits in executive function compared with patients with G2. Finally, G2 and G3 performed more poorly than G0, with deficits in the various cognitive areas. Conclusion The number of hospitalizations predicted cognitive performance, which suggests that relapse or recurrence may have a long-term neuropsychological impact. Prospective follow-up studies must be completed to explore this effect further because better treatment adherence may have a protective effect on neurocognitive function.

scholarly journals Persistence of cognitive impairment and its negative impact on psychosocial functioning in lithium-treated, euthymic bipolar patients: a 6-year follow-up study

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mora ◽  
M. J. Portella ◽  
I. Forcada ◽  
E. Vieta ◽  
M. Mur
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Bipolar Patients

BackgroundPrevious cross-sectional studies report that cognitive impairment is associated with poor psychosocial functioning in euthymic bipolar patients. There is a lack of long-term studies to determine the course of cognitive impairment and its impact on functional outcome.MethodA total of 54 subjects were assessed at baseline and 6 years later; 28 had DSM-IV TR bipolar I or II disorder (recruited, at baseline, from a Lithium Clinic Program) and 26 were healthy matched controls. They were all assessed with a cognitive battery tapping into the main cognitive domains (executive function, attention, processing speed, verbal memory and visual memory) twice over a 6-year follow-up period. All patients were euthymic (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score lower than 8 and Young mania rating scale score lower than 6) for at least 3 months before both evaluations. At the end of follow-up, psychosocial functioning was also evaluated by means of the Functioning Assessment Short Test.ResultsRepeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there were main effects of group in the executive domain, in the inhibition domain, in the processing speed domain, and in the verbal memory domain (p<0.04). Among the clinical factors, only longer illness duration was significantly related to slow processing (p=0.01), whereas strong relationships were observed between impoverished cognition along time and poorer psychosocial functioning (p<0.05).ConclusionsExecutive functioning, inhibition, processing speed and verbal memory were impaired in euthymic bipolar out-patients. Although cognitive deficits remained stable on average throughout the follow-up, they had enduring negative effects on psychosocial adaptation of patients.

scholarly journals Exploring the Specificity, Synergy, and Durability of Auditory and Visual Computer Gameplay Transfer Effects in Healthy Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1180
Author(s):  
Mark E Faust ◽  
Kristi S Multhaup ◽  
Michelle S Ong ◽  
George J Demakis ◽  
Kelly G Balz
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Visual Computer

Abstract Objectives To determine whether auditory and visual computer games yield transfer effects that (a) are modality-specific to verbal memory (auditory stimulus presentation) and visual-processing tests, (b) affect working memory and processing speed, (c) are synergistic for combined game-type play, and (d) are durable. Method A Pilot Study (N = 44) assessed visual transfer effects in a two-group pre–post design. The Main Study (N = 151) employed a 2 (visual games: yes, no) × 2 (auditory games: yes, no) × 3 (test session: pretest, post-test, follow-up) design, allowing different training groups to act as active controls for each other. Neuropsychological test scores were aggregated into verbal-memory (auditory presentation), visual-processing, working-memory, and processing-speed indexes. Results Visual-processing and working-memory pre–post-training change scores were differentially modulated across the four gameplay groups in the main sample, demonstrating transfer effects differing across both active- and passive-control groups. Visual training yielded modality-specific transfer effects in both samples, transfer to working memory in the main sample, and transfer to processing speed in the pilot sample. There were no comparable transfer effects for auditory training. Combined-visual-and-auditory training failed to yield synergistic effects or any significant transfer effects. Visual-processing transfer effects remained significant at follow-up. Discussion Visual and auditory games differentially modulated transfer effects. Domain-specific visual transfer effects were found at post-test and were durable at follow-up. Visual gameplay holds potential to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline in visual cognition.

scholarly journals Effects of functional remediation on neurocognitively impaired bipolar patients: enhancement of verbal memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bonnin ◽  
M. Reinares ◽  
A. Martínez-Arán ◽  
V. Balanzá-Martínez ◽  
B. Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundFunctional remediation is a novel intervention with demonstrated efficacy at improving functional outcome in euthymic bipolar patients. However, in a previous trial no significant changes in neurocognitive measures were detected. The objective of the present analysis was to test the efficacy of this therapy in the enhancement of neuropsychological functions in a subgroup of neurocognitively impaired bipolar patients.MethodA total of 188 out of 239 DSM-IV euthymic bipolar patients performing below two standard deviations from the mean of normative data in any neurocognitive test were included in this subanalysis. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted to assess the impact of the treatment arms [functional remediation, psychoeducation, or treatment as usual (TAU)] on participants’ neurocognitive and functional outcomes in the subgroup of neurocognitively impaired patients.ResultsPatients receiving functional remediation (n = 56) showed an improvement on delayed free recall when compared with the TAU (n = 63) and psychoeducation (n = 69) groups as shown by the group × time interaction at 6-month follow-up [F2,158 = 3.37, degrees of freedom (df) = 2, p = 0.037]. However, Tukey post-hoc analyses revealed that functional remediation was only superior when compared with TAU (p = 0.04), but not with psychoeducation (p = 0.10). Finally, the patients in the functional remediation group also benefited from the treatment in terms of functional outcome (F2,158 = 4.26, df = 2, p = 0.016).ConclusionsFunctional remediation is effective at improving verbal memory and psychosocial functioning in a sample of neurocognitively impaired bipolar patients at 6-month follow-up. Neurocognitive enhancement may be one of the active ingredients of this novel intervention, and, specifically, verbal memory appears to be the most sensitive function that improves with functional remediation.

scholarly journals Effect of Computerized Cognitive Remediation in Patients with Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1087
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Indian Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of computerized cognitive remediation through 3 months randomized controlled trial in Indian patients with schizophrenia. Nineteen chronic schizophrenic patients were recruited and randomized into Cognitive Training (CT) and Treatment as Usual (TAU) groups. Neuropsychological assessments were done before and after 3 months of cognitive training on the developed program. As compared to TAU, the CT group exhibited significant improvement in speed of processing (p= 0.031, 95% Confidence Interval CI [-90.36 to -29.64], large effect size Φ = 0.7) and sustained attention (digit span - time, (p= 0.015, 95% CI [-99.40 to -41.60], large effect size Φ = 0.7)). The outcome of this study shows that the computerized cognitive training is feasible and useful in treating cognitive deficits in Indian patients with schizophrenia.

Neurocognitive Predictors of Functioning in Schizophrenia: Five Years Follow Up Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M.L. Vargas ◽  
J.C. Sanz ◽  
N. Jimeno-Bulnes ◽  
S. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Processing Speed Index ◽  
Learning Test

Aims:Verbal memory and processing speed are two of the proposed neurocognitive predictors in schizophrenia. the objective is to determinate neurocognitive predictors of functioning in one five years follow-up period on ambulatory schizophrenia patients.Method:We conduct one cohort study on 30 schizophrenia out-patients (19 male; age mean: 32.8 years; SD:7.2). at the moment of inclusion it was applied one neuropsychological battery sensitive to neuropsychological deficit in schizophrenia: WAIS-III, BADS, WCST, Colour Trails, Trail Making A and B, BVRT, California Verbal Learning Test (Spanish version: TAVEC). Variables was summarized determining Z values and principal components. the cohort was prospectively studied for up to five years. as result variables it were considered: time to the first antipsychotic-drug change, time to the first psychiatric admission, and average five-years annual score in the Strauss-Carpenter Outcome Scale. It was constructed Cox and Linear Regression Models to determinate the better predicting neurocognitive components.Results:The better global outcome was directly related with WAIS-III processing speed index (corrected R square: 0.19; p = 0.02; beta constant= 0.469; beta WAIS-III processing speed= 0.125). None predictor was selected for the outcome variable change of antipsychotic. Psychiatric admission was predicted (p=0.006) by implicit learning (beta= -2.19), executive functioning (beta= 1.02), WAIS-III Total IQ (beta= 0.45) and WAIS-III Perceptual Organization Index (beta= -0.20).Conclusion:Higher processing speed index predicts one better functioning outcome during five-years follow-up. the risk for psychiatric admission was heterogeneously related with neurocognitive predictors. Verbal memory did not predict functional outcome.

EFFECTS OF A GROUP-BASED 8-WEEK MULTICOMPONENT COGNITIVE TRAINING ON COGNITION, MOOD AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AMONG HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS: A ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
P. Srisuwan ◽  
D. Nakawiro ◽  
S. Chansirikarnjana ◽  
O. Kuha ◽  
P. Chaikongthong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

ACKGROUND: Cognitive interventions have the potential to enhance cognition among healthy older adults. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of cognitive training (CT) on mood and activities of daily living (ADL). OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent CT using a training program of executive functions, attention, memory and visuospatial functions (TEAM-V Program) on cognition, mood and instrumental ADL. DESIGN: A randomized, single-blinded, treatment-as-usual controlled trial. SETTING: Geriatric clinic in Bangkok, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS: 77 nondemented community-dwelling older adults (mean age 65.7±4.3 years). INTERVENTION: The CT (TEAM-V) program or the treatment-as-usual controlled group. The TEAM-V intervention was conducted over 5 sessions, with a 2-week interval between each session. Of 77 participants randomized (n=40 the TEAM-V program; n=37 the control group). MEASUREMENTS: The Thai version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog), Thai version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and The Chula ADL were used to assess at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS: Compared with the control arm, the TEAM-V Program was associated with reducing anxiety (P = 0.004). Compared with the baseline, participants receiving the TEAM-V Program were associated with significantly improved general cognition (MoCA, P < 0.001), immediate recall (word recall task, P = 0.01), retrieval and retention of memory process (word recognition task, P = 0.01), attention (number cancellation part A, P < 0.001) and executive function (maze test, P = 0.02) at 1 year. No training effects on depression (P = 0.097) and IADL (P = 0.27) were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The TEAM-V Program was effective in reducing anxiety. Even though, the program did not significantly improve cognition, depression and ADL compared with the control group, global cognition, memory, attention and executive function improved in the intervention group compared with baseline. Further studies incorporating a larger sample size, longitudinal follow-up and higher-intensity CT should be conducted.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE TRAINING ATTENUATES AGE-RELATED DECLINE IN PHYSICAL FUNCTION ACROSS 10 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S214-S214
Author(s):  
Briana N Sprague ◽  
Christine B Phillips ◽  
Lesley A Ross
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Poor physical function is associated with negative health and cognitive outcomes. Although nine studies demonstrate that cognitive training reduces age-related declines in physical function, only one has examined effects beyond immediate posttest changes. The current study assessed the impact of three cognitive training programs on physical function measures across 10 years. Using data from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) trial, older adults randomized to a no-contact control condition (n = 698) were compared to those randomized to processing speed (n = 702), memory (n = 703), or reasoning (n = 694) training. Intention-to-treat and treatment-received analyses were conducted for grip strength, Digit Symbol Copy, and Turn 360. There were no significant effects of being assigned to processing speed, memory, or reasoning training to any physical function outcome (p &gt; .05). Treatment-received models indicated that processing speed training attenuated age-related declines in Digit Symbol Copy (b = -.005, p &lt; .01) and Turn 360 (b = -.011, p &lt; .001), memory training attenuated age-related declines in Digit Symbol Copy (b = -.009, p &lt; .001) and Turn 360 (b = -.011, p &lt; .001), and reasoning training attenuated age-related declines in Digit Symbol Copy (b = -.012, p &lt; .001) and Turn 360 (b = -.012, p &lt; .001). There was no significant transfer to grip strength. This is the first study to demonstrate beneficial effects of cognitive training to some physical functions across 10 years. Future work should examine moderators and mediators of transfer effects.

scholarly journals Do Psychological Interventions Work for Psychosis in Adolescents?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea Daruvala ◽  
Ajit Kumar ◽  
Soumitra Shankar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Global Assessment Scale ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Psychosocial Therapy ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Abstract Background There is emerging evidence to show that psychological interventions such as cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), psychoeducation, family therapy, and group psychotherapies may be useful for adolescents with psychosis. The current review is on the effects of various psychological interventions for adolescents with psychosis compared with treatment as usual (TAU) or other psychological interventions. Methods We undertook a comprehensive search for all randomized controlled trials on the topic as per predefined criteria. For binary data, a standard estimation of risk ratio, and, for continuous data, the mean difference between groups were estimated. GRADE approach was used to assess studies. “Risk of Bias” was calculated, and finally random-effects model was used for analyses. Results The review included 7 studies (n = 317). Two studies compared CRT and TAU with TAU alone. CRT showed improvement in short-term memory compared with those in the TAU group (relative risk 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.89, participants = 31, very low-certainty evidence). When comparing group psychosocial therapy with TAU, global state scores measured using Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) were clearly higher in the intervention arm (mean difference 5.10, 95% CI 1.35 to 8.85, participants = 56, very low-certainty evidence) as compared with the TAU group. None of the other interventions were found to be significantly effective for the treatment of psychosis in adolescents. Conclusions Evidence suggests that psychological interventions may have beneficial effects in the treatment of adolescents with psychosis, but the evidence is of low or very low certainty.

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