scholarly journals A Family Cluster of Chagas Disease Detected through Selective Screening of Blood Donors: A Case Report and Brief Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Mongeau-Martin ◽  
Momar Ndao ◽  
Michael Libman ◽  
Gilles Delage ◽  
Brian J Ward
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Selective Screening ◽  
Family Cluster ◽  
Antigen Elisa ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay

Chagas disease (CD) is a protozoan infection caused byTrypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by triatomine insect vectors in parts of Latin America. In a nonendemic country, such as Canada, spread can still occur via vertical transmission, and infected blood or organ donations. The Canadian Blood Services and Héma-Québec have both implemented selective screening of blood donors for CD based on risk factors. In 2011, Héma-Québec identified two seropositive ‘at-risk’ Chilean siblings who had donated blood in Montreal, Quebec. They were referred to the JD MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases (Montreal, Quebec) for confirmatory testing (T cruziexcreted-secreted antigen ELISA, polymerase chain reaction and/or radioimmunoprecipitation assay) and follow-up. Screening of the rest of the family revealed two other seropositive family members (the mother and sister). While their geographical history in Chile suggests vectorial transmission, this family cluster of CD raises the possibility of vertical transmission. Congenital infection should always be considered among CD-positive mothers and pregnant women. With blood donor screening, Canadian physicians will increasingly see patients with CD and should know how to manage them appropriately. In addition to the case presentation, the authors review the transmission, screening and clinical management of CD in a nonendemic context.

scholarly journals A Case of Vertical Transmission of Chagas Disease Contracted via Blood Transfusion in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A Fearon ◽  
Vito Scalia ◽  
Mary Huang ◽  
Irene Dines ◽  
Momar Ndao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Seroprevalence Study

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruziand is endemic in many countries in Latin America, where infected bugs of theTriatomineasubfamily carry the parasite in the gut and transmit it to humans through fecal contamination of a bite. However, vertical transmission and transmission through blood transfusion and organ transplantation is well documented. Increasing immigration from endemic countries to North America has prompted blood operators, including Canadian Blood Services and Hema Quebec, to initiate blood donor testing for Chagas antibody. In the present report, an unusual case of vertical transmission from a mother, most likely infected through blood transfusion, and detected as part of a concurrent seroprevalence study in blood donors is described.

scholarly journals 32. Risk Factors for Vertical Transmission of t. Cruzi infection in an Endemic Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S17
Author(s):  
Melissa D Klein ◽  
Freddy Tinajeros ◽  
Edith Malaga ◽  
Manuela Verástegui ◽  
Beth J Condori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Abstract Members of the Chagas Disease Working Group in Peru and Bolivia include Edith Hinojosa, Clariza Chavez, Jean Karla Velarde, Carla Chavarria, Victoria Serrudo, Roberto Araya, Alcides Buitron, Rita Mendieta, Holger Mayta, Maritza Calderon, Holger Mayta and Yagahira Castro. Background Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection accounts for a growing proportion of new cases of Chagas disease. Congenital infection is curable if treated promptly, but the majority of infected infants do not receive timely diagnosis or treatment. Better risk stratification is needed to predict which women are more likely to transmit the infection. Methods This study enrolled women who presented for delivery and their infants at the Percy Boland Women’s Hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease by rapid test. The infants of seropositive mothers underwent diagnostic testing with microscopy (“micromethod”) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as newborns and at one- and nine-month follow-up. Mothers completed surveys about demographics and medical history. Results Among 5,828 enrolled women, 1,271 (21.8%) screened positive for Chagas disease. Of the 1,325 infants of seropositive mothers, 113 (8.5%) were diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease by microscopy or qPCR. Cesarean delivery was significantly associated with lower odds of vertical transmission (adjusted OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41–0.98, p=0.040). Congenital infection was more common in twins (adjusted OR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.97–5.54, p< 0.001) and male infants (adjusted OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22, p=0.045). Conclusion Our findings suggest that Cesarean delivery may be protective against vertical transmission of T. cruzi, while twins and male infants may have an increased risk. A better understanding of risk stratification for congenital Chagas disease may help improve regional initiatives to reduce disease burden. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Treatment of T. cruzi infected human platelet concentrates with aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen (AMT) and ultravioleta (UV-A) light: preliminary results

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio Moraes-Souza ◽  
José Orlando Bordin ◽  
Leslie Bardossy ◽  
Morris A. Blajchman
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Combined Use

The present measures adopted to prevent transfusion-associated Chagas' disease include screening of blood donors. and/or the inactivation of T. cruzi in collected blood using gentian violet (GV) as a trypanocidal agent. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the combined use of AMT and UV-A in inactirating T. cruzi in infected human platelet cuncentrates. Human platelet concentrates were infected with T. cruzi (2x10/ml) of the Y strain transfered to PL 269 (Fenwal Laboratories) containers and treated with GV (250řg,/ml). and ascorbic acid (1 mg/ml); GV. ascorbic acid and UV-A; GV and UV-A; AMT (40/tG/ml) and ascorbic acid; AMT, ascorbic acid and UV-A; AMT and UV-A; UV-A alone; and untreated (control). All UV-A treated platelet concentrates were exposed to UV-A doses of 24, 92, 184, 276, 368 and 644 kj/m². and the microscopical research of active T. cruzi was performed, using the microhematocrit technique, 1, 6 and 24 hours after each treatment. A high number of active forms of T. cruzi was observed in all condictions, except when GV was used as the trypanocidal agent, providing evidence of the failure of AMT and UV-A in inactivating T cruzi in infected human platelet concentrates.

scholarly journals Mother-child transmission of Chagas disease: could coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus increase the risk?

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gustavo Scapellato ◽  
Edgardo Gabriel Bottaro ◽  
María Teresa Rodríguez-Brieschke
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

A study was conducted on all newborns from mothers with Chagas disease who were attended at Hospital Donación F. Santojanni between January 1, 2001, and August 31, 2007. Each child was investigated for the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia through direct examination of blood under the microscope using the buffy coat method on three occasions during the first six months of life. Serological tests were then performed. Ninety-four children born to mothers infected with Trypanosoma cruzi were attended over the study period. Three of these children were born to mothers coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Vertical transmission of Chagas disease was diagnosed in 13 children, in all cases by identifying parasitemia. The overall Chagas disease transmission rate was 13.8% (13/94). It was 100% (3/3) among the children born to mothers with HIV infection and 10.9% (10/91) among children born to mothers without HIV [Difference = 0.89; CI95 = 0.82-0.95; p = 0.0021]. We concluded that coinfection with HIV could increase the risk of vertical transmission of Chagas disease.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF CHAGASIC INFECTION IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS IN A BLOOD CENTER IN THE STATE OF SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Navarro ◽  
Renata Leme Goto ◽  
Isabella Silva Ricoboni ◽  
Jose Eduardo Corrente ◽  
Rita Maria Saccomano Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Blood Center ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The City

SUMMARY This study aimed at estimating the number of cases of non-negative serological reactions to Chagas disease in blood donors at the Blood Center of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2003 to 2010 and at relating them to their cities of origin. Five hundred and seventy-four non-negative results for Chagas disease were evaluated. Of these, 371 (64.8%) were reagent, and 203 (35.4%) were inconclusive. The prevalence of Chagas disease in blood donors was 0.05%. There were, on average, 72 cases/year, and a prevalence of males was observed (64.8%). Forty-three (7.49%) individuals were 18 to 30 years old; 92 (16.02%) were 31 to 40; 147 (25.61%) 41 to 50, and 292 (50.87%) were older than 50 years. It was observed that 29.3% of females with reagent serology were at their fertile age (18 and 45 years). The majority of donors were originally from cities in the southwestern and central regions of São Paulo, but individuals from other states contributed with 20%. The provenance of most donors was the city of Botucatu/SP, followed by the city of Taquarituba/SP. Therefore, the profile of donors at this blood center favors the occurrence of a larger number of non-negative serological reactions. Although there has been a significant reduction in the number of new cases/year for this disease, it is still a public-health problem, and results suggest the need for new epidemiological assessments in the studied region.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Maternal Chagas Disease and Vertical Transmission in a Bolivian Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D Klein ◽  
Freddy Tinajeros ◽  
María del Carmen Menduiña ◽  
Edith Málaga ◽  
Beth J Condori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection accounts for a growing proportion of new cases of Chagas disease. Better risk stratification is needed to predict which women are more likely to transmit the infection. Methods This study enrolled women and their infants at the Percy Boland Women’s Hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease by rapid test and received confirmatory serology. Infants of seropositive mothers underwent diagnostic testing with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Among 5,828 enrolled women, 1,271 (21.8%) screened positive for Chagas disease. Older maternal age, family history of Chagas disease, home conditions, lower education level, and history of living in a rural area were significantly associated with higher adjusted odds of maternal infection. Of the 1,325 infants of seropositive mothers, 65 infants (4.9%) were diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease. Protective factors against transmission included Cesarean delivery (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-0.99) and family history of Chagas disease (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34-0.99). Twins were significantly more likely to be congenitally infected than singleton births (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.60-6.90). Among congenitally infected infants, 32.3% had low birth weight, and 30.8% required hospitalization after birth. Conclusions Although improved access to screening and qPCR increased the number of infants diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease, many infants remain undiagnosed. A better understanding of risk factors and improved access to highly sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques for congenital Chagas disease may help improve regional initiatives to reduce disease burden.

BLOOD DONORS AND BLOOD COLLECTION: Testing blood donors for Chagas disease in the Paris area, France: first results after 18 months of screening

Transfusion ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène El Ghouzzi ◽  
Elisabeth Boiret ◽  
Françoise Wind ◽  
Claudine Brochard ◽  
Sébastien Fittere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
First Results

scholarly journals Screening of at‐risk blood donors for Chagas disease in non‐endemic countries: Lessons from a 2‐year experience in Tuscany, Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina D. Mangano ◽  
Marco Prato ◽  
Antonella Marvelli ◽  
Giovanna Moscato ◽  
Fabrizio Bruschi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chagas disease in blood donors at the Uberaba Regional Blood Center, Brazil, from 1995 to 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laryssa Manso de Lima ◽  
Nathália Passos Alves ◽  
Valdirene de Fátima Barbosa ◽  
Gustavo Alves Pimenta ◽  
Helio Moraes-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Blood Center ◽  
Epidemiologic Profile ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Consistent Increase

INTRODUCTION: A retrospective study was conducted to assess the occurrence of blood donations that were ineligible due to Chagas disease infection from 1995 to 2009 at the Uberaba Regional Blood Center (HRU), Brazil, verify the tendency of this ineligibility, and describe the epidemiologic profile of the donors. METHODS: Retrospective studies of serological ineligibility due to Chagas disease, statistical analysis by means of the chi-square test and odds ratio, study of the tendencies using a dispersion graph and the linear correlation coefficient (r) were performed. RESULTS: In the period under study, a 0.2% serum prevalence of ineligibility due to Chagas disease was found, with a significant drop in ineligible donations from 2001 to 2009. Among the serum positive-donors, there was a significant predominance among those aged 30 years or above and non-single individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a rate of occurrence that is lower than that described in literature, as well as a progressive drop during the 15 years under assessment. Such results are a consequence of systematic combat of the vector since the 70s and the progressive and consistent increase of returning donors, resulting in a drop of the contamination risk factor by means of blood transfusion and in the improvement of the quality of hemotherapy practices in the HRU.

Organ Donation Registration and Decision-Making Among Current Blood Donors in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Merz ◽  
Katja van den Hurk ◽  
Wim L.A.M. de Kort
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Donor Population

Introduction: In the Netherlands, there is a constant shortage in donor organs, resulting in long waiting lists. The decision to register as organ donor is associated with several demographic, cultural, and personal factors. Previous research on attitudes and motivations toward blood and organ donations provided similar results. Research Question: The current study investigated demographic, cultural, and personal determinants of organ donation registration among current Dutch blood donors. Design: We used data from Donor InSight (2012; N = 20 063), a cohort study among Dutch blood donors, to test whether age, gender, religious and political preferences, donor attitude, and altruism predicted organ donor registration among current blood donors. Results: Organ donors were more often represented in the blood donor population compared to the general Dutch population. Women showed a higher propensity to be registered as organ donor. Higher education as well as higher prosocial value orientation, prosocial behavior, that is, doing volunteer work, and awareness of need significantly associated with being registered as organ donor. Religious denomination negatively predicted organ donation registration across all faiths. Discussion: Results are discussed in light of cultural context, and possible implications for improving information provision and recruitment are mentioned.

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