scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs: Potential and Emerging Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Junping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Artery Disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are composed of a group of endogenous and noncoding small RNAs which control expression of complementary target mRNAs. The extended functions of miRNAs enhance the complexity of gene-regulatory processes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Indeed, recent studies have shown that miRNAs are closely related to myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, angiogenesis, coronary artery disease, dyslipidaemia, stroke, and so forth. These findings suggest a new therapeutic pointcut for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and show the extensive therapeutic potential of miRNA regulation. Moreover, it has been shown that circulating extracellular miRNAs are stable in bodily fluids, which indicates circulating miRNAs as potential and emerging biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis. This review highlights the most recent findings indicative of circulating miRNAs as potential clinical biomarkers for diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Autologous Cell Therapy for Vascular Regeneration: The Role of Proangiogenic Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (35) ◽  
pp. 4518-4534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Bianconi ◽  
Francesca Fallarino ◽  
Massimo Raffaele Mannarino ◽  
Francesco Bagaglia ◽  
Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Vascular Regeneration ◽  
Autologous Cell ◽  
Autologous Cell Therapy ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Autologous cell therapy represents a novel treatment option for vascular regeneration in different disease conditions, with experimental and clinical studies indicating a therapeutic potential for proangiogenic cells (PCs), including endothelial progenitor cells, in the treatment of coronary and peripheral artery disease. <p> Objective: To provide a summary of the therapeutic potential of PCs administration or mobilization in peripheral artery disease, ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetic microvascular complications and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. <p> Methods: We undertook a search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature on the role of PCs in vascular regeneration in preclinical and clinical models. <p> Results: Improvement of ischemic symptoms has been reported in different trials evaluating PCs for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. However, in this setting, contrasting results from meta-analyses question the long-term clinical efficacy of PC-based approaches. Preclinical studies and clinical trials support the safety and feasibility of PC therapy in the treatment of ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases, while evidence indicating a benefit on hard clinical outcomes is uncertain. Despite accumulating experimental results support a therapeutic role for PCs in diabetic retinopathy, results from randomized clinical trials are lacking. Whether PC therapy may limit premature atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular risk in inflammatory rheumatic diseases needs to be investigated. <p> Conclusion: Although the potential clinical applications of PCs are accumulating, there is also evidence of multiple limitations for autologous PC therapy. Thus, novel strategies aimed at improving PC viability and angiogenic function are warranted in order to improve the efficacy of cell therapy applications.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Clinical Biomarkers in the Predictions of Pregnancy Complications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe Tsochandaridis ◽  
Laurent Nasca ◽  
Caroline Toga ◽  
Annie Levy-Mozziconacci
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Short Rnas ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers

Predicting pregnancy complications is a major topic for clinicians and biologists for maternal and fetal monitoring. Noninvasive biomarkers in maternal blood such as circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising molecules to predict pregnancy disorders. miRNAs are noncoding short RNAs that regulate mRNA expression by repressing the translation or cleaving the transcript. miRNAs are released to the extracellular systemic circulation via exosomes. The discovery of plasma- or serum-derived miRNAs and of free-circulating exosomes that contain miRNAs provides useful information about the physiological or pathophysiological roles of the miRNAs. Specific placental miRNAs are present in maternal plasma in different ways depending on whether the pregnancy is normal or pathological or if there is no pregnancy. This paper focuses on placental miRNAs and extracellular miRNAs to the placenta whose misregulation could lead to pregnancy complications.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking, miR-27b Downregulation, and Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights into the Mechanisms of Smoking Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira-da-Silva ◽  
Patrícia Napoleão ◽  
Marina C. Costa ◽  
André F. Gabriel ◽  
Mafalda Selas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Never Smokers

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD), although the proatherosclerotic mediators of cigarette smoking are not entirely known. We explored whether circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in cigarette smokers and associated with the presence of PAD. Ninety-four participants were recruited, including 58 individuals without and 36 with PAD, 51 never smokers, 28 prior smokers, and 15 active smokers. The relative expression of six circulating miRNAs with distinct biological roles (miR-21, miR-27b, miR-29a, miR-126, miR-146, and miR-218) was assessed. Cigarette smoking was associated with the presence of PAD in multivariate analysis. Active smokers, but not prior smokers, presented miR-27b downregulation and higher leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts; miR-27b expression levels were independently associated with active smoking. Considering the metabolic and/or inflammatory abnormalities induced by cigarette smoking, miR-27b was independently associated with the presence of PAD and downregulated in patients with more extensive PAD. In conclusion, the atheroprotective miR-27b was downregulated in active smokers, but not in prior smokers, and miR-27b expression was independently associated with the presence of PAD. These unreported data suggest that the proatherogenic properties of cigarette smoking are mediated by a downregulation of miR-27b, which may be attenuated by smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of the Molecular Chaperone and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Clusterin for Dry Eye

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
M. Elizabeth Fini ◽  
Shinwu Jeong ◽  
Mark R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Molecular Chaperone ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Epithelial Cell Layer

Evidence is presented herein supporting the potential of the natural homeostatic glycoprotein CLU (clusterin) as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of dry eye. This idea began with the demonstration that matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 is required for damage to the ocular surface in mouse dry eye. Damage was characterized by degradation of OCLN (occludin), a known substrate of MMP9 and a key component of the paracellular barrier. Following up on this finding, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted using MMP9 as the bait to identify other proteins involved. CLU emerged as a strong interacting protein that inhibits the enzymatic activity of MMP9. Previously characterized as a molecular chaperone, CLU is expressed prominently by epithelia at fluid-tissue interfaces and secreted into bodily fluids, where it protects cells and tissues against damaging stress. It was demonstrated that CLU also protects the ocular surface in mouse dry eye when applied topically to replace the natural protein depleted from the dysfunctional tears. CLU is similarly depleted from tears in human dry eye. The most novel and interesting finding was that CLU binds selectively to the damaged ocular surface. In this position, CLU protects against epithelial cell death and barrier proteolysis, and dampens the autoimmune response, while the apical epithelial cell layer is renewed. When present at high enough concentration, CLU also blocks staining by vital dyes used clinically to diagnose dry eye. None of the current therapeutics have this combination of properties to “protect, seal, and heal”. Future work will be directed towards human clinical trials to investigate the therapeutic promise of CLU.

Exosomes in atrial fibrillation: therapeutic potential and role as clinical biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Xiang ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Walaa Fikry Elbossaty ◽  
Jinfu Yang ◽  
Chengming Fan
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs in Blood and Other Body Fluids as Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Response in Lung Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Luis Vicente Gayosso-Gómez ◽  
Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Potential Clinical Application

The identification of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood and other body fluids has led to considerable research interest in investigating their potential clinical application as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer, including lung cancer, the deadliest malignancy worldwide. Several studies have found that alterations in the levels of miRNAs in circulation are able to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy individuals (diagnosis) and are associated with patient outcome (prognosis) and treatment response (prediction). Increasing evidence indicates that circulating miRNAs may function as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, affecting biological processes associated with tumor initiation and progression. This review is focused on the most recent studies that provide evidence of the potential value of circulating miRNAs in blood and other body fluids as non-invasive biomarkers of lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. The status of their potential clinical application in lung cancer is also discussed, and relevant clinical trials were sought and are described. Because of the relevance of their biological characteristics and potential value as biomarkers, this review provides an overview of the canonical biogenesis, release mechanisms, and biological role of miRNAs in lung cancer.

scholarly journals The circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 932-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Terrinoni ◽  
Cosimo Calabrese ◽  
Daniela Basso ◽  
Ada Aita ◽  
Sabrina Caporali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Translation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
New Class ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers

Abstract A large portion of the human genome transcribes RNA sequences that do not code for any proteins. The first of these sequences was identified in 1993, and the best known noncoding RNAs are microRNA (miRNAs). It is now fully established that miRNAs regulate approximately 30% of the known genes that codify proteins. miRNAs are involved in several biological processes, like cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastatization. These RNA products regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, modulating or inhibiting protein expression by interacting with specific sequences of mRNAs. Mature miRNAs can be detected in blood plasma, serum and also in a wide variety of biological fluids. They can be found associated with proteins, lipids as well as enclosed in exosome vesicles. We know that circulating miRNAs (C-miRNAs) can regulate several key cellular processes in tissues different from the production site. C-miRNAs behave as endogenous mediators of RNA translation, and an extraordinary knowledge on their function has been obtained in the last years. They can be secreted in different tissue cells and associated with specific pathological conditions. Significant evidence indicates that the initiation and progression of several pathologies are “highlighted” by the presence of specific C-miRNAs, underlining their potential diagnostic relevance as clinical biomarkers. Here we review the current literature on the possible use of this new class of molecules as clinical biomarkers of diseases.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Circulating MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Dogs With Heart Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong-Bin Ro ◽  
Min-Hee Kang ◽  
Doo-Won Song ◽  
Heyong-Seok Kim ◽  
Ga-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Background: Previous studies in humans have confirmed dysregulations of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with various cardiovascular diseases. However, studies on circulating miRNAs in dogs with various heart diseases are limited in number. This study aimed to identify significantly dysregulated circulating miRNAs and characterize them as novel biomarkers in dogs with heart diseases.Materials and Methods: Circulating levels of 11 miRNAs were investigated in serum samples of 82 dogs (72 with heart diseases and 10 healthy dogs) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results were correlated to clinical data including echocardiographic results and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels.Results: Upregulation of cfa-miR-130b was observed in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) stage B, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonic stenosis. In dogs with MMVD stage B, cfa-miR-130b was upregulated and correlated with clinical indices. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, cfa-miR-130b accurately distinguished dogs with diseases from healthy dogs. We also observed that cfa-miR-375 and cfa-let-7b were upregulated in dogs with concentric cardiac hypertrophy. The cfa-miR-375 was correlated with concentric hypertrophy indices and was an accurate indicator of concentric hypertrophy in ROC analysis.Conclusions: The miRNAs identified in this study may be used as novel biomarkers and possible candidates for therapeutic targets in various canine heart diseases.

scholarly journals GENDER FEATURES OF MORBIDITY IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
E.A. Samarina ◽  
S.B. Ponomaryov ◽  
S.A. Sterlikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Gender Based

A comparison of the morbidity for different classes of diseases and groups of diseases for women and men who are in prisons of the Russian Federation. The morbidity of the disease by separate nosological units and groups of women in prison is higher than that of men by: neoplasms, thyrotoxicosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, certain immune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, non-infectious enteritis and colitis, bronchitis chronic and unadjusted, hypertension, asthma and asthmatic conditions, chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids, disease of the gallbladder and biliary tract, osteoporosis, pancreatic diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, rheumatic valvular disease, peripheral nervous system diseases, insulin-dependent diabetes, infectious and parasitic diseases, mental and behavioral disorders, arthrosis. Men were sick more often than women by ankylosing spondylitis, acute myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer disease, atherosclerosis of arteries, injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences of external reasons, reactive arthropathy, chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, nasopharyngitis. There was no gender-based frequency eye diseases and adnexa, ear and mastoid process, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, kidney stones, coronary artery disease, acute rheumatic fever, epilepsy and status epilepticus.

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