scholarly journals Human Urine Proteomics: Analytical Techniques and Clinical Applications in Renal Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Kalantari ◽  
Ameneh Jafari ◽  
Raheleh Moradpoor ◽  
Elmira Ghasemi ◽  
Ensieh Khalkhal
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Proteomics ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urinary Proteomics ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Urine has been in the center of attention among scientists of clinical proteomics in the past decade, because it is valuable source of proteins and peptides with a relative stable composition and easy to collect in large and repeated quantities with a noninvasive procedure. In this review, we discuss technical aspects of urinary proteomics in detail, including sample preparation, proteomic technologies, and their advantage and disadvantages. Several recent experiments are presented which applied urinary proteome for biomarker discovery in renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, and acute kidney injury. In addition, several available databases in urinary proteomics are also briefly introduced.

Autoimmune-mediated renal disease and hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (17) ◽  
pp. 2165-2196
Author(s):  
Erika I. Boesen ◽  
Rahul M. Kakalij
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and mortality. Troublingly, hypertension is highly prevalent in patients with autoimmune renal disease and hastens renal functional decline. Although progress has been made over the past two decades in understanding the inflammatory contributions to essential hypertension more broadly, the mechanisms active in autoimmune-mediated renal diseases remain grossly understudied. This Review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of each of the major autoimmune diseases affecting the kidney that are associated with hypertension, and describes the current state of knowledge regarding hypertension in these diseases and their management. Specifically, discussion focuses on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Lupus Nephritis (LN), Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN), Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). A summary of disease-specific animal models found to exhibit hypertension is also included to highlight opportunities for much needed further investigation of underlying mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-based comparative proteomics analysis reveals specific urinary biomarkers for various kidney diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jin ◽  
Jianguang Gong ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Yiwen Li ◽  
Qiang He
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Kegg Pathway Analysis ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Abundant Proteins

Abstract Background Urinary proteomics has been extensively applied to investigate renal diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and diabetic CKD. However, differential urinary proteome studies have not been reported for multiple diseases. The present study was aimed to explore early clinical diagnosis biomarkers for patients with AKI, AKI+CKD, diabetic CKD, non-diabetic CKD with IgAN and non-diabetic CKD without IgAN. Methods Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened by iTRAQ labeling and 2-D LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics analysis was performed by subsequent GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. DEPs were authenticated by ELISA assay. Results 156, 156, 286, 187 and 184 differentially abundant proteins were identified in patients with AKI, AKI+CKD, diabetic CKD, and non-diabetic CKD with or without IgAN. Comparative analysis indicated that 34, 35 and 17 unique DEPs were found in AKI, AKI+CKD and CKD samples, respectively. 91 and 14 specific DEPs were screened out in diabetic CKD and non-diabetic CKD. In comparison with Non-diabetic CKD with IgAN (38 DEPs), 47 unique urinary proteins were found in Non-diabetic CKD without IgAN. Among these DEPs, urinary SAA1 and HGFAC were only unregulated in AKI and Non-diabetic CKD without IgAN implying that they might be employed as the potential indicators of the two diseases. C5, APOC1 and Reg3A upregulation was not exclusively expressed in each disease which suggested that they could not be used for biomarker to distinguish one disease from the other. Conclusion Collectively, this research contributes to the urinary biomarker discovery from multiple renal diseases.

scholarly journals Application of Preparative Electrophoresis for Clinical Proteomics in Urine: Is it Feasible?

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Zoidakis ◽  
Ploumisti Dimitraki ◽  
Panagiotis Zerefos ◽  
Antonia Vlahou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Separation ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Clinical Proteomics ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Preparative Electrophoresis ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques ◽  
Biomarker Research ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Application of Preparative Electrophoresis for Clinical Proteomics in Urine: Is it Feasible?Urine samples are easily attainable which makes them ideal substrates for biomarker research. Various techniques have been employed to unravel the urine proteome and identify disease biomarkers. Even though the presence of high abundance proteins in urine is not so pronounced as in the case of plasma, the presence of proteolytic products, many of which at low abundance, along with numerous frequently random chemical modifications, makes the analysis of urinary proteins challenging. To facilitate the detection of low abundance urinary proteins, in the study presented herein we applied two different electrophoretic techniques, preparative Lithium Dodecyl Sulfate (LDS)-PAGE in combination with 2-DE for urinary protein separation and enrichment. Our results indicate the effectiveness of this approach for the enrichment of low abundance and low molecular weight proteins and peptides in urine, and contribute towards the establishment of a urinary proteomic database. The application of this technique as a biomarker discovery tool faces several challenges: these include down-scaling of the technique, possible recompensation for the consequent expected decrease in protein resolution, by optimizing steps of the experimental workflow as well as getting a good understanding of the technical variability of the technique. Under these conditions, preparative electrophoresis can become an effective tool for clinical proteomics applications.

Accelerating protein biomarker discovery and translation from proteomics research for clinical utility

Bioanalysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 1469-1481
Author(s):  
Jiwen Chen ◽  
Naiyu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Protein Biomarker ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proteomics Research

Discovery proteomics research has made significant progress in the past several years; however, the number of protein biomarkers deployed in clinical practice remains rather limited. There are several scientific and procedural gaps between discovery proteomics research and clinical implementation, which have contributed to poor biomarker validity and few clinical applications. The complexity and low throughput of proteomics approaches have added additional barriers for biomarker assay translation to clinical applications. Recently, targeted proteomics have become a powerful tool to bridge the biomarker discovery to clinical validation. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges and strategies in proteomics research from a clinical perspective, and propose several recommendations for discovery proteomics research to accelerate protein biomarker discovery and translation for future clinical applications.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-based comparative proteomics analysis reveals specific urinary biomarkers for various kidney diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 839-854
Author(s):  
Juan Jin ◽  
Jianguang Gong ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Yiwen Li ◽  
Yunguang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator ◽  
Serum Amyloid A1 ◽  
Isobaric Tags ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Background: Proteome studies for multiple renal diseases is bare. Methodology & results: Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling, many differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI + chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic CKD and nondiabetic CKD with or without IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Comparative analysis indicated that 34, 35, 17, 91 and 14 unique DEPs were found in AKI, AKI + CKD, CKD, diabetic CKD and nondiabetic CKD. Compared with nondiabetic CKD with IgAN, 47 unique DEPs were found in that without IgAN. Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) and hepatocyte growth factor activator were unregulated in AKI and nondiabetic CKD without IgAN, respectively. Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-α (Reg3A) upregulation is associated with AKI and AKI + CKD patients. Conclusion: This research contributes to urinary biomarker discovery from multiple renal diseases.

Kidney-targeted triptolide-encapsulated mesoscale nanoparticles for high-efficiency treatment of kidney injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5312-5323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulong Deng ◽  
Tao Zeng ◽  
Jiawen Li ◽  
Caili Huang ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Renal Diseases

Insolubility and toxicity of TP restrict clinical applications in renal diseases. Here, TP-encapsulated mesoscale nanoparticles offer a new therapeutic strategy for renal diseases due to good biocompability, kidney targeting and slow release.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

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